Design,modeling, and control of morphing aircraft:A review

A morphing aircraft can adapt its configuration to suit different types of tasks, which is also an important requirement of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(UAV). The successful development of an unmanned morphing aircraft involves three steps that determine its ability and intelligent: configuration design, dynamic modeling and flight control. This study conducts a comprehensive survey of morphing aircraft. First, the methods to design the configuration of a morphing aircraft are presented and analyzed...     

高机动导弹气动／运动／控制耦合的风洞虚拟飞行试验技术

解决先进飞行器大迎角高机动飞行时的气动／运动非线性耦合问题,需要发展基于非线性理论的风洞试验技术,即风洞虚拟飞行试验技术。该试验能够实现较为逼真的模拟飞行器机动运动过程,气动和运动参数的实时同步测量,以及飞行控制律的集成验证与优化,从而达到探索气动／运动耦合特性和机理的目的。本文介绍了风洞虚拟飞行试验的模拟方法、关键技术及其解决措施,并针对典型导弹模型开展了虚拟飞行验证试验。试验结果表明：目前已经初步具备适用于导弹模型跨声速气动／运动／飞行控制一体化研究的风洞虚拟飞行试验能力。     

可重复使用飞行器导航制导控制技术展望

针对当前可重复使用飞行器的发展现状,总结了其特点、优势和发展趋势.通过飞行任务,分析了可重复使用飞行器所面临的复杂环境特性和飞行控制特性.从飞行控制角度出发,概括了可重复使用飞行器导航制导控制所面临的技术挑战,包括高精度导航技术、多约束航迹优化技术、再入段和能量管理段的制导技术以及强耦合强不确定强鲁棒姿态控制技术等.最后,针对技术挑战,对可重复使用飞行器导航制导控制技术提出了若干建议.     

过失速机动飞机的鲁棒非线性控制律设计

 采用非线性动态逆和结构奇异值综合方法设计了过失速飞行条件下飞控系统控制律,解决了飞控设计中面临的非线性和鲁棒性问题。应用非线性动态逆的目的就是对过失速机动飞行条件下高度非线性的飞机动力学进行线化;从而围绕线性的快逆回路应用结构奇异值综合方法设计相应的鲁棒控制器,以提供对驾驶员指令的鲁棒跟踪。所设计的飞控系统将达到期望的飞行品质,确保系统对过失速机动飞行过程中因非定常气动力效应引起的系统参数摄动鲁棒性良好。高逼真度、非线性的仿真验证了这一点。     

Reconfigurable Flight Control Design for Combat Flying Wing with Multiple Control Surfaces

With control using redundant multiple control surface arrangement and large-deflection drag rudders,a combat flying wing has a higher probability for control surface failures.Therefore,its flight control system must be able to reconfigure after such failures.Considering three types of typical control surface failures(lock-in-place(LIP),loss-of-effectiveness(LOE) and float),flight control reconfiguration characteristic and capability of such aircraft types are analyzed.Because of the control surface redundancy,the aircraft using the dynamic inversion flight control law already has a control allocation block.In this paper,its flight control configuration during the above failures is achieved by modifying this block.It is shown that such a reconfigurable flight control design is valid,through numerical simulations of flight attitude control task.Results indicate that,in the circumstances of control surface failures with limited degree and the degradation of the flying quality level,a combat flying wing adopting this flight control reconfiguration approach based on control allocation could guarantee its flight safety and perform some flight combat missions.     

先进重构飞行控制技术和方法研究

重构飞行控制技术本质上是一种容错飞行控制技术，它使飞控系统具有适应未知故障和损伤的能力，从而可以有效地提高安全性和任务效能。先进重构飞行控制技术在原有的基础上更加强调自适应的能力，而不再依赖故障诊断和隔离（FDI）系统，因而促进了鲁棒控制、智能控制和逢适应控制技术在该领域的交叉和融合。首先回顾了重构飞行控制技术的发展现状，然后给出了几种先进重构控制方法，并总结了先进重构飞行控制技术的主要技术优势，最后展望了它的发展趋势和应用前景。     

舰载飞机着舰精确轨迹控制研究

针对舰载机着舰过程的精确航迹控制要求,利用现有机上的控制设备,采用系统综合设计的方法,给出了两种航迹控制系统———风参考航迹控制系统和惯性参考航迹控制系统,通过仿真分析,给出了系统的性能差异。     

无舵飞行控制系统的研究与开发

提出一种全新的飞行状态控制的实现途径———无舵飞行姿态控制,使飞机具有更优的飞控品质,并有利于气动外形和结构的优化。本文介绍了无舵飞行控制原理、飞控驱动装置控制功率需求的计算及确定方法等。     

Full mode flight dynamics modelling and control of stopped-rotor UAV

The Stopped-Rotor(SR) UAV combines the advantages of vertical take-off and landing of helicopter and high-speed cruise of fixed-wing aircraft. At the same time, it also has a unique aerodynamic layout, which leads to great differences in the control and aerodynamic characteristics of various flight modes, and brings great challenges to the flight dynamics modelling and control in full-mode flight. In this paper, the flight dynamics modelling and control method of SR UAV in full-mode flight is st...     

民用飞机飞控通电自检测安全性研究

民用飞机飞控通电自检测安全性分析周期假设为20 FH(Flight Hour,飞行小时),不能覆盖24 h,飞机全天利用率高,在下次执行飞控通电自检测之前可能会出现飞控通电自检测过期告警。为了提高飞机维修性,有必要对飞控通电自检测安全性进行研究。通过建立飞控系统失效条件关联的故障树并更新飞控通电自检测的暴露时间,在符合飞控系统I～IV类失效条件等级故障概率要求和千分之一判据情况下,安全性分析结果表明飞控通电自检测周期可以提高到30 FH。     

Design of Flight Control System for a Small Unmanned Tilt Rotor Aircraft

A tilt rotor is an aircraft of a special kind, which possesses the characteristics of a helicopter and a fixed-wing airplane. However, there are a great number of important technical problems waiting for settlements. Of them, the flight control system might be a critical one. This article presents the progresses of the research work on the design of flight control system at Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics (NUAA). The flight control law of the tilt rotor aircraft is designed with the help of an inner/outer loop control structure and an eigenstructure assignment algorithm on the basis of a proper mathematical model already verified by the wind tunnel tests. The proposed control law has been born out through the construction of the flight control system and the flight tests. Now, the flight tests are still underway on a prototype of small unmanned tilt rotor aircraft. The results have evidenced the credibility of the aircraft design and the effectiveness of the flight control system for the tilt rotor working in the helicopter mode. A full envelope flight test is planned to carry out further researches on the flight control law.     

基于 LSTM的飞控系统状态监控

监测飞控系统状态参数是保证无人机飞行安全的重要手段。针对无人机飞控系统的组成特点和飞行控制律,设计并构建了基于长短期记忆网络(Long Short Term Memory Network,LSTM)的飞控系统状态监控模型。首先,利用无人机历史飞参数据训练模型,建立输入飞参数据与状态参数的回归映射关系;然后,利用训练好的网络模型,实时预测飞控系统的状态参数,通过对比实测值与预测值之间的差异,实现飞控系统的状态监控。选取无人机飞参数据进行实验,基于 LSTM的算法比反向传播神经网络(BPNN)、支持向量机(SVM)预测精度高,MSE平均值分别低 0.01和 0.26,MAE平均值分别低 0.05和 0.12。结果表明,所提出的方法能够有效监控飞控系统,为无人机飞行管理决策提供数据支持。     

操纵品质的鲁棒飞控系统设计

利用对误差函数加权的最优控制,提出了具有固定增益的鲁棒飞行控制系统的设计方法。用该方法设计的控制系统不仅具有稳定的鲁棒性,而且具有操纵品质的鲁棒性。本文研究了该鲁棒飞行控制系统在全飞行包线内的稳定性,还对某歼击机设计了鲁棒飞行控制系统。设计和仿真表明了该方法的简便性和有效性。     

飞机亚跨声速飞行操纵特性分析

针对中等展弦比、中等后掠角机翼布局的超声速飞机在亚跨声速飞行时遇到的操纵特性异常现象,通过估算飞机在海拔5 km高空的气动特性,获得了飞机的纵向平衡性能和静操纵性的变化规律.通过数值计算,得到了飞机在低空跨声速飞行时的操纵特性;分析了造成飞机在某些飞行速度下操纵跟随性较差、大速度飞行时俯仰操纵过于灵敏、不同速度下杆力变化大等现象的原因.针对亚跨声速区的飞行与操纵特点,给出了飞行操纵建议,以提高飞行安全.     

Design and experimental study of a new flapping wing rotor micro aerial vehicle

A three-wing Flapping Wing Rotor Micro Aerial Vehicle (FWR-MAV) which can perform controlled flight is introduced and an experimental study on this vehicle is presented. A mechanically driven flapping rotary mechanism is designed to drive the three flapping wings and generate lift, and control mechanisms are designed to control the pose of the FWR-MAV. A flight control board for attitude control with robust onboard attitude estimation and a control algorithm is also developed to perform stable hovering flight and forward flight. A series of flight tests was conducted, with hovering flight and forward flight tests performed to optimize the control parameters and assess the performance of the FWR-MAV. The hovering flight test shows the ability of the FWR-MAV to counteract the moment generated by rotary motion and maintain the attitude of the FWR-MAV in space; the experiment of forward flight shows that the FWR-MAV can track the desired attitude.     

可重构飞行控制系统研究

对自修复飞控系统的关键技术－－可重构飞控系统进行了论述。介绍了目前主要的一些重构控制方法的特点，并对控制算法的优缺点及实现条件进行了分析；针对已进行了的可重构飞控系统的飞行试验进行了分析，并对试验结果做出了评价；指出了未来可重构飞控系统的实现途径和发展趋势。     

某型无人直升机前飞段仿真建模与试飞验证

针对某型无人直升机无铰式旋翼技术验证和飞行试验需求,建立了能够用于实时仿真的非线性飞行动力学模型,并基于经典PID控制算法完成了飞行控制律设计。为验证理论模型准确性和控制参数合理性,相继开展了盘旋飞行和大速度飞行的半物理仿真和飞行试验,并基于飞行试验控制效果评估完成了部分控制参数的优化设计。数据分析表明:半物理仿真和飞行试验的时域响应和配平特性均吻合较好,验证了非线性飞行动力学模型的准确性;飞行试验中无人直升机姿态和速度响应均能够较好地跟踪其设定值,所设计的飞行控制参数能够满足某型无人直升机稳态飞行控制要求。     

Dynamics,stability, and control of a four-cable mount system for wind tunnel test

A four-cable mount system is proposed for full-model wind tunnel flutter tests, which may adjust the pitch and roll attitude of the aircraft scaled model and ensure that the model is not subjected to cable tension. The system provides sufficient support to simulate the free flight of the aircraft by applying appropriate spring stiffness and cable tensions. The proposed four-cable mount system is modeled based on Lagrange mechanics, and its dynamics equations consider aerodynamic effects. The singularity of the system and its bifurcation characteristics under flow conditions are analysed to determine the supercritical bifurcation phenomenon for different tension levels and distances from the front suspension point to the mass centre of the model. The mathematical expressions of the longitudinal flight stability of the cable mount system are derived by linearising the system dynamics equations using small perturbations. The influence of the cable tension, spring stiffness, suspension point position, and other factors on the flight stability of the aircraft are analysed. A feedforward control algorithm is proposed to minimize the total elastic potential energy of the system. The results show that the model is in the level flight state when the elastic potential energy of the four-cable mount system is minimized. A feedback control design method is proposed based on the Lyapunov stability theory to derive the closed-loop stability conditions. The system dynamics model that includes the aircraft rigid body model, flexible cables, pulleys, springs, aerodynamic model, and servo motor control is established using the flexible multibody dynamics method. A multibody dynamics solver and Simulink are used to simulate the attitude adjustment of the model in the wind tunnel and verify the supercritical bifurcation characteristics of the system and the effectiveness of the feedback and feedforward control.     

智能化航空飞行控制技术的发展

随着航空器飞行环境的日益复杂,对航空器的任务性能需求也不断提升。为了应对飞行安全压力增大、驾驶员操纵负荷增加等问题,从航空飞行控制所面临的问题着手,对人工智能、航空飞行控制的发展历程和后续发展趋势进行初步的探讨。首先,对国内外人工智能技术以及智能化航空飞行控制技术的发展进行简要介绍及分析;然后,结合技术发展趋势对未来智能化航空飞行控制技术的发展趋势进行初步分析;最后,提出了目前航空飞行控制技术智能化发展的初步思路,为后续该领域技术的发展提供参考。     

总能量控制原理在地形跟随飞行控制中的应用

应用总能量控制原理设计了控制飞行高度的地形跟随飞行控制系统,并通过引入飞行高度和飞行速度的偏差控制,基本消除了总能量控制系统存在的稳态误差;引入俯仰角和俯仰角速率反馈回路以增加阻尼,消除俯仰角振荡,最后对该系统进行了解耦性能和地形跟随仿真。结果表明,用总能量原理设计的地形跟随飞行控制系统体现了飞机升降舵和油门杆一体化设计的思想,可实现飞行速度/航迹角的解耦控制,对给定地形可达到良好的跟随效果。