Benefits and challenges of Integrated Sensor Systems

Projection of avionics system costs shows unacceptable escalation as a percentage of flyaway cost. Time sharing of RF modules between Radar, EW and CNI offers savings. The Air Forces' PAVE PACE program defined the benefits and initial architecture approaches. From this, an optimum Integrated Sensor System (ISS) design was defined that reduces the life cycle cost of the fleet of vehicles using the common modules. The ISS program will design, build and test modules to prove the approach. Challenges to overcome include system complexity, real time control, test and calibration, and diagnostics. The most stressing requirements were determined by analyzing requirements for Radar, EW and CNI. Open interface specifications and module partitioning were developed that can meet all the requirements     

航空电子系统核心处理平台架构发展研究

历数航电核心处理平台架构当前面临的问题,总结演进历史,针对新式场景需求,同时结合领域技 术发展趋势,梳理相关架构标准规范,论述了未来航电架构发展的关键特征,提出了支撑新一代航电系统核心 处理平台架构的关键技术,为其后续发展方向与实施计划提供指导思路。     

民用飞机综合模块化航电系统分区和资源分配的研究

对比航电传统系统架构,分析了综合模块化航电系统(Integrated Modular Avionics,简称IMA)架构的优点;针对IMA系统功能的高集成度带来的资源分配难度和安全性要求,提出了IMA系统分区和资源分配策略,并给出了具体方法,对民用飞机IMA系统设计具有一定的指导意义和实用价值。     

综合模块化航空电子核心系统技术研究

介绍了一种综合模块化航空电子核心系统.在系统应用需求及技术特征的分析基础上,提出了一种通用的开放式体系结构模型,并对系统的关键技术进行深入研究探讨,包括系统管理、网络通信、时间同步、容错策略等,最后给出系统设计方案的建议.系统具有可重构性、可重用性、可扩展性和健壮性,可满足先进飞机航空电子系统的应用要求,并为未来新型分布式综合模块化航空电子系统的研究与设计提供技术支持.     

综合化航空电子系统可信软件技术

航空电子系统要求航空任务的执行具有确定性、可预测和可控性。深入分析综合化航空电子系统软件安全性、可靠性、完整性和实时性需求,提出了综合化航空电子系统软件可信性的定义。首次将可信计算引入到综合化航空电子系统中,建立综合化航空电子系统可信软件体系结构,在此基础上,提出软件可信运行环境构建方法和可靠性增强技术。这些技术能够保障综合化航空电子系统的可预测性,对保证飞机任务的执行及其安全具有重要的作用,为研制适合于中国大飞机的综合化航空电子系统可信软件奠定基础。     

How to See the Forest for the Trees (The Requirements Definition Process)

This paper addresses the avionics requirements definition process, at the conceptual level, in light of changing threats, technology, and business environments. The objective is to provide a perspective of total integrated system performance which illuminates broad requirements issues rather than specific subsystem specifications. The fundamental premise is that avionics requirements are driven by four factors; Information and Data Sources, Control Opportunities and Information Needs, Concepts and Algorithmic Techniques, and Realization Technologies. These four factors are set in a systems structure which shows their inter-relationships and provides the framework for conceptualizing avionics system solutions to meet particular mission needs. Three generic mission areas are considered and an examination is made of the issues of fielding and affording the solution with specific emphasis on architecture, fusion, production, and support.     

基于模型的航空电子系统体系化需求分析与仿真

借鉴体系工程思想及体系结构设计方法,结合航空武器装备需求论证实践,提出基于模型的航空电子系统体系化需求分析与仿真方法,以及体系架构模型协同仿真环境设计方案,能够有效支撑航空电子体系化需求论证和顶层设计,具有重要的理论价值和实践意义。     

PAVE PACE: system avionics for the 21st century

The PAVE PACE Initiative has been established to validate system avionics concepts for advanced military aircraft. The author presents the rationale of why the advanced architecture established by the PAVE PILLAR program should be continued under PAVE PACE to achieve: practical and affordable airborne versions of modular parallel processing network architectures for many applications currently beyond real-time implementation, readily available avionics for use in all avionics and, greatly improved techniques to reduce the cost of software development and support. An approach to the overall design structure for future avionics is also presented that entails: the use of CAD (computer-aided design) tools to assist in the development of system, hardware and software requirements, the use of replicated hardware modules (some at the wafer level), the use of reuseable software modules and the use of CAD tools to tailor hardware/software modules for specific application requirements. Continued use of the PAVE PILLAR high-speed data bus and operating system is recommended as the means to integrate and control the data input and output of physically and functionally separate parallel networks     

A formal approach using SysML for capturing functional requirements in avionics domain

In this work, a Model-Based Systems Engineering approach based on SysML is proposed. This approach is used for the capture and the definition of functional requirements in avionics domain. The motivation of this work is triple: guide the capture of functional requirements, validate these functional requirements through functional simulation, and verify efficiently the consistency of these functional requirements. The proposed approach is decomposed into several steps that are detailed to go from conceptual model of avionics domain to a formal functional model that can be simulated in its operating context. To achieve this work, a subset of SysML has been used as an intermediate modelling language to ensure progressive transformation that can be understood and agreed by system stakeholders. Formal concepts are introduced to ensure theoretical consistency of the approach. In addition, transformation rules are defined and the mappings between concepts of ARP4754A civil aircraft guidelines and SysML are formalized through meta-model. The resulting formalization enables engineers to perform functional simulation of the top-level functional architecture extracted from operational scenarios. Finally, the approach has been tested on an industrial avionics system called the Onboard Maintenance System.     

新一代航空电子总线系统结构研究

航空电子总线系统结构是航空电子系统的神经中枢,直接决定着航空电子综合化程度的高低和性能的优劣。本文通过对航空电子数据总线结构现状和发展要求的分析,提出了新一代航空电子总线系统的设计原则和体系结构,并论述了其核心技术综合模块化航空电子系统的通用模块和综合核心处理机的组成。     

航空电子系统功能综合的收益分析研究

综合化航空电子系统是根据应用的需求,基于已有的能力,采用综合技术,实现面向应用的任务合成,提升应用效能;面向能力的功能综合,提升能力品质;面向物理的操作模式综合,提升资源效率。功能综合的过程本质上是一个系统设计的过程,是依据物理架构,在不同功能组合中进行收益分析比较,选择收益较大的一种功能架构,本文基于分布式模块化航空电子物理架构(DIMA),提出基于系统工程的功能综合设计方法,并提出了相应的功能综合收益评价指标,以综合探测为例对提出的方法进行了验证。     

机载FDDI高速数据通信系统

 为了满足航空电子通信技术发展的需求,提出了基于 FDDI标准的机载高速光纤通信网络体系结构,论述了该通信系统的总体设计思想和硬软件实现方案,最后简述了机载 FDDI高速数据通信系统的测试与应用情况。     

开放式系统结构及其标准研究

介绍了开放式系统结构概念及航空电子系统采用开放式系统结构的理由及优势,通过介绍典型的开放式航空电子系统结构,着重讨论了开放式系统结构标准,并对我国如何开展这项工作提出了若干建议。     

Aging avionics: the problems and the challenges

Aging avionics have become a problem because aircraft are being kept in service far longer than the original plan. This paper discusses the four key problems of aging avionics: (1) determining the systems that are the high cost drivers in order to select those that should receive priority; (2) determining the requirements for the replacement; (3) identifying alternative technologies that will satisfy the requirements and are affordable; and (4) determining the funding required and acquiring the funding needed to replace the aging avionics. Challenges encountered in solving these problems include management and technical. The problem of aging avionics is not limited to a single aircraft, but occurs across all aircraft. Cost-effective modernization requires cutting horizontally across all aging aircraft, and coordination with the end users and the existing management structure. A key technical challenge is to select an architecture that is upgradeable since the funding limitations may ensure parts will become obsolete prior to the completion of a drawn-out production.     

国外通用开放式结构标准的应用情况

SAE AS4893标准定义的通用开放式结构（GOA）是嵌入式系统的层次化体系结构模型。通过对GOA领域目录集的开发与维护标准化过程的分析,结合GOA在航空电子领域的应用案例展示其标准化技术的应用现状;并考虑到先进综合式航空电子系统在任务功能划分和系统工程方法方面的应用要求,探讨并展望GOA标准化技术应用于新一代航空电子系统开发过程中的注意事项。     

General aviation aircraft avionics: integration & system tests

The avionics of current-day aircraft is termed as modular integrated full glass cockpit. Unlike lots of dials and gauges, the pilot will interact with Multi-Function Displays (MYD). This means that the systems are coupled with multi-function displays, communication and navigation radios with control units, multi-mode interactive instruments for control and navigation, recording and fault management systems, airframes and health monitoring diagnostic capabilities. Pilot Vehicle Interface (PVI) is an important measure of good avionics and cockpit layout, which implies the optimization of man-machine interface, enhancement of the economy, and safety of flight operations. This presents the avionics architecture of a 14-seat Light Transport Aircraft (LTA) for general aviation, which has multi-role commuter capabilities. LTA is a twin turbo-prop, multi-role aircraft, with air taxi and commuter services as its primary roles. The avionics is built on the digital communication mode for both command and control with current requirements of TCAS, digital Autopilot, and AMLCD multi-purpose glass displays. The LTA Avionics suite is grouped into six major groups based on functionality: Display System, Communication System, Navigation System, Recording System, Radar System, and Engine instruments and other cockpit displays. This paper also covers details about the extensive tests carried out to prove the avionics design in terms of functionality, inter-operability, interference, and compatibility. Various practical integration and flight-test issues, methodologies, and details of the scenarios is presented herein.     

航电系统开发过程中的权衡研究

航电系统的开发既要满足系统需求、保证系统完整性、达到系统安全性目标,同时还要满足相关条例、公务要求和商业要求。而这些要求往往相互制约、相互冲突,这就使得权衡研究在航电系统的开发过程中成为一项必不可少的工作。阐明了权衡研究在航电系统开发过程中的必要性和重要性;然后说明了权衡研究在航电系统开发过程各阶段中的作用;接着分析了权衡研究应遵循的过程;最后,将权衡研究分析方法中的效用曲线法应用到了航电系统的网络权衡中,并提出航电系统开发过程中如何进行权衡研究的一些建议。     

基于共享内存的多进程任务系统软件设计

针对大规模复杂航电系统软件的设计和开发,采用多进程的架构可以增加软件模块的内聚性和降低模块间的耦合性.通过对比不同进程间通信方式,在Qt框架下设计并实现了一种基于共享内存的进程间通信机制,并构建了任务系统软件多进程软件架构.结果 表明,共享内存可以满足多进程软件的通信速率及实时性要求,多进程软件架构增强了软件的可靠性.     

某民用飞机显示系统仿真器的设计与实现

航电系统仿真平台以其灵活方便和低成本特点,支持综合航电系统的预先研究、方案设计、详细设计、系统综合,成为综合航电系统研制过程中不可或缺的设计手段。给出了IMA系统仿真平台显示系统仿真器的详细的设计和实现方案,首先介绍了IMA系统仿真平台的组成,接着介绍了显示系统仿真器的组成架构,并对显示系统仿真器的硬件配置、航电网络配置、人机交互界面和逻辑处理进行了详细的介绍。最后经过IMA系统仿真试验样件验收测试程序的测试,验证了显示系统仿真器满足验收测试程序的各项功能和性能要求,满足了该型号显示系统仿真器的试验要求。     

1553 emulation over ATM (asynchronous transfer mode)-a hybridavionics communications architecture

The issue of meeting the higher communications requirements of future aircraft avionics systems in an incremental manner is addressed. A communications architecture is proposed which is based upon a switched network technology from the telecommunications area asynchronous transfer mode (ATM). However, the major step of migrating all existing avionics equipment into an ATM compliant form is avoided by the process of “emulating” a current avionics data bus such as MIL-STD-1553B over an ATM network. This allows current 1553 subsystems to co-exist with ATM compliant equipment on a single physical ATM network