Early nucleosynthesis: The present situation

The most recent developments in the very light element abundance observations, especially the determination of a high (D/H) ratio 3 10^–4 on a remote QSO line of sight, are analyzed and some of the consequences on the Big Bang nucleosynthesis (BBN) models, on the predicted baryonic density and on the galactic evolution schemes are reviewed. Should this (D/H) determination be confirmed by further observations, the simplest standard BBN model would be the most successful in these abundance predictions: the baryon density should be close to the luminous mass density ^B (5–8)10^–3 if H=100 km s^–1 Mpc^–1; the challenge is now to devise galactic evolution models able to account for a large D destruction and avoiding to overproduce³He and metals.     

Theories of magnetospheres around accreting compact objects

A wide class of galactic X-ray sources are believed to be binary systems where mass is flowing from a normal star to a companion that is a compact object, such as a neutron star. The strong magnetic fields of the compact object create a magnetosphere around it. We review the theoretical models developed to describe the properties of magnetospheres in such accreting binary systems. The size of the magnetosphere can be estimated from pressure balance arguments and is found to be small compared to the over-all size of the accretion region but large compared to the compact object if the latter is a neutron star. In the early models the magnetosphere was assumed to have open funnels in the polar regions, through which accreting plasma could pour in. Later, magnetically closed models were developed, with plasma entry made possible by instabilities at the magnetosphere boundary. The theory of plasma flow inside the magnetosphere has been formulated in analogy to a stellar wind with reversed flow; a complicating factor is the instability of the Alfvén critical point for inflow. In the case of accretion via a well-defined disk, new problems of magnetospheric structure appear, in particular the question to what extent and by what process the magnetic fields from the compact object can penetrate into the accretion disk. Since the X-ray emission is powered by the gravitational energy released in the accretion process, mass transfer into the magnetosphere is of fundamental importance; the various proposed mechanisms are critically examined.Proceedings of the NASA/JPL Workshop on the Physics of Planetary and Astrophysical Magnetospheres.     

以现代维修理论指导维修工作

现代航空维修活动是在理论指导之下进行的,现代维修理论的实质是在维修工作中追求更高的安全指标、满意的可靠性水平和良好的经济效益,因此现代维修又被称作是以安全、可靠、经济为目标的维修,而维修工作的总目标应当与航空公司的总目标相一致。传统维修理论及其实践早期的航空维修理论是建立在“磨损是时间的函数”这一理论基础之上,形成了“以预防为主”的维修理论,表现为“单一定时”的维修方式。中国民航的维修单位在六七十年代曾普遍地对飞机、发动机、附件实施定时维修和更换。维修管理部门的主要责任就是找到理想的维修(更换)时限,以…     

新型汇率理论初探

与基于流量供求关系的传统汇率理论不同,建立在储备供求关系基础上的汇率新理论——货币法、资产法和有价证券平衡法已经发展起来并得到应用。本文拟就这三种汇率新理论作些初步探讨。     

Analysis of Theories of Fully Ionized Space Plasma

The physical sense of the main ideas, presently used in plasma physics, is discussed. An attempt is made to clarify the concepts, used in plasma physical calculations. The concept of `Coulomb collisions' with the implicitly introduced rapid stochastization plays the main negative role in the physics of fully ionized plasma. Statistical methods, which are adequate for the neutral gas and for the partially ionized plasma, are not applicable for the completely ionized case. It is the cause of large errors in evaluating real plasma parameters. A new concept is considered: a fully ionized space plasma should be treated as a dynamical system with a low level of chaos. Further progress in space physics requires a serious renewal of plasma theory.     

交易成本量化问题理论综述

对交易进行了经济学解释，突破传统的把“交易”理解为市场交换的认识，支持康芒斯的“交易”指人与人之间关系的思想。从内涵和外延分析交易成本，认为交易成本无非就是在交易前、交易中和交易后各种与交易有关的成本，并在微观和宏观角度对交易成本的量化进行综述，最后针对现有交易成本的量化研究提出新的思路和视角。     

智能Agent的理论、体系结构和语言分析

从理论、体系结构和语言三个方面,对Agent的主要技术和研究现状进行综合分析介绍,并通过一个应用实例对Agent的设计实现作分析说明。     

现代经济增长理论发展动态分析

本文根据现代经济增长理论的演化过程,探寻现代经济增长理论的发展趋势。首先分析了经济增长理论三个发展时期中具有代表性的人物、主要观点及这些观点的不中之处;然后,结合复杂性科学所取得的重要成果及其对经济学的冲击,分析了现代经济增长理论所面临的挑战与机遇,进而对现代经济增长理论的未来发展作了展望。     

理论获得实践权的条件

提出了理论获得实践权的三个条件，认识到这些条件，有利于理论普及和创造中坚持和发展真理。     

Theories for base pressure inincompressible steady base flow

There has been an increasing interest recently in base pressure problems at low Mach numbers. The following article concerning steady base flows gives a survey of the present state of knowledge in the field. It first describes general features of two-dimensional steady base flows which have been discovered from experiments. Thereafter various theories derived for the prediction of base pressure in steady base flow are discussed, including some old and several new contributions developed in the 1990s of this century. The theoretical results are compared with experimental data.     

激励理论的整合及其对管理实践的启示

文章概述了几种有影响的激励理论,并对它们进行了整合和分析,试图从激励理论的整合中找出适合不同激励对象的管理模式,提高管理的实践效果.     

分形理论和小波在脉象识别中的应用

首先介绍了运用现代科学对脉象分类的意义和传统的脉象分类方法,尔后提出利用分形理论提取脉搏信号的分数维和基于小波变换的多尺度空间能量分布特征作为波形的重要特征,用于脉象分类识别.利用这些特征矢量用BP神经网络对实测的脉象数据进行了分类,取得了令人满意的分类正确率.通过两种提取方法相比较,盒维数方法更简单易行.     

The Solar System d/h Ratio: Observations and Theories

The measured D/H ratios in interstellar environments and in the solar system are reviewed. The two extreme D/H ratios in solar system water - (720±120)×10⁻⁶ in clay minerals and (88±11)×10⁻⁶ in chondrules, both from LL3 chondritic meteorites - are interpreted as the result of a progressive isotopic exchange in the solar nebula between deuterium-rich interstellar water and protosolar H₂. According to a turbulent model describing the evolution of the nebula (Drouart et al., 1999), water in the solar system cannot be a product of thermal (neutral) reactions occurring in the solar nebula. Taking 720×10⁻⁶ as a face value for the isotopic composition of the interstellar water that predates the formation of the solar nebula, numerical simulations show that the water D/H ratio decreases via an isotopic exchange with H₂. During the course of this process, a D/H gradient was established in the nebula. This gradient was smoothed with time and the isotopic homogenization of the solar nebula was completed in 10⁶ years, reaching a D/H ratio of 88×10⁻⁶. In this model, cometary water should have also suffered a partial isotopic re-equilibration with H₂. The isotopic heterogeneity observed in chondrites result from the turbulent mixing of grains, condensed at different epochs and locations in the solar nebula. Recent isotopic determinations of water ice in cold interstellar clouds are in agreement with these chondritic data and their interpretation (Texeira et al., 1999). This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Theories and Observations of Ion Energization and Outflow in the High Latitude Magnetosphere

A review is given of several mechanisms causing outflow at high latitudes of ionospheric ions to the terrestrial magnetosphere. The upward ion motion along the geomaagnetic field can be divided into several categories, including polar wind, bulk ion outflow in the auroral region, upwelling ions and ion conics and beams. More than one ion energization mechanism can be operating within each category, and a combination of categories is important for the total ion outflow.     

基于非测地线理论的回转体缠绕成型的数学模型

根据非测地线缠绕的有关理论，详细分析了微机控制纤维缠绕机的丝嘴运动规律，推导出了丝嘴运动方程和芯模的转角方程，为复杂芯模的缠绕以及微机控制纤维缠绕机的推广应用奠定了基础。     

基于概率统计的DS/FH系统干扰检测算法

基于时频分布的干扰检测算法是DS/FH（Direct Sequence/Frequency Hopping,直接序列扩频/跳频扩频）系统干扰检测的传统手段,针对其运算量大、实时性差,以及无法检测某些特殊干扰信号等问题,提出一种基于概率统计的干扰检测算法.通过统计DS/FH系统频谱图中各频率的幅值出现位置,以DS/FH信号与干扰信号频谱分布规律的差别为判决依据,完成DS/FH系统中干扰信号的检测.分析和仿真结果表明：该检测算法能够有效识别DS/FH系统中的典型干扰信号,与传统基于时频分布的检测算法相比,能够实现某些特殊干扰信号的有效检测;同时,由于该算法不需要进行复杂的时频联合分析,其运算复杂度大大降低,能够实现DS/FH系统干扰信号的快速检测.     

基于模糊聚类原理确定光测数据处理最优基线的方法

应用模糊数学理论,提出了光测数据处理最优基线的确定方法,有效地解决了长期以来基线选择过程中难以建立数学模型的问题,通过仿真试验验证了该方法的正确性、合理性。     

高校图书馆期刊管理服务创新举措

高校图书馆期刊管理工作需立足本校实际情况,提高期刊信息服务意识及采购质量,建立合理的馆藏期刊结构,创新期刊管理服务措施,拓展期刊服务内涵。高效发挥期刊信息的作用,提高期刊资源利用率,更好地为读者服务。     

应答机测距转发性能分析

分析了采用视频AGC(自动增益控制)、射频AGC和限幅器等3种测距转发模式的应答机性能,分析结果表明:视频AGC模式下,应答机测距通道的输出功率恒定,测距转发性能不随上行信号强度变化而变化;射频AGC模式下,应答机测距通道的输出功率不恒定,测距转发性能随着上行信号强度变化而变化;而限幅器模式可看作射频AGC的一种特殊情况.仿真分析了我国研制的限幅器和射频AGC两种模式应答机的性能,结果表明理论计算的性能与实测结果一致,理论分析正确且理论分析结果可作为链路计算的依据.     

硼粉燃烧热值测试不确定度分析

基于硼粉点火和燃烧特性,介绍了硼粉燃烧热值测试原理和方法,分析了影响硼粉燃烧热值测试不确定度的因素,并对各不确定度分量进行了评定。结果表明,影响硼粉热值测试不确定度的主要因素有：系统热容量的不确定度和助燃剂热值的不确定度;在助燃剂保障硼粉完全燃烧的条件下,减小助燃剂热值的不确定度是提高硼粉热值测试准确度的关键因素。