对测量雷达的一些新需求与精细测量技术

新一代测量雷达在发展各种先进武器平台与航空航天及空间技术方面有广泛的应用前景。本文讨论对测量雷达的一些新的需求及相关技术,对雷达精细测量的需求与有关技术是本文讨论重点。     

智能检测技术在靶场测控设备中的应用及前景

综合运用先进的GPS授时技术和数字仿真、虚拟仪器结构、可视化编程等计算机软件技术，构建新一代靶场智能型检测系统，解决对野外分散站点上测控设备进行检测、标校、监控和测控网通信联试等技术问题。着重阐述智能化检测技术在靶场的应用及发展趋势，为技术人员开发测试软件提供参考。     

Instrumentation for gamma-ray astronomy

There are three distinct energy ranges within the broad spectrum of gamma-ray astronomy, low energy (which in turn is subdivided), high energy, and very high and ultra-high energy. Each has its own unique type of instrumentation. Only in the very high-energy range do the telescopes bear any resemblence to optical telescopes; the rest appear more like instrumentation for high-energy physics. The low- and high-energy ranges are now primarly dependent on spaceflight, although some balloon altitude research is still being accomplished. Satellites planned to be launched in the next two years will carry telescopes with considerably more capability than those previously flown in space. In the very high and ultra-high energy realm, large ground based systems are used to detect the secondary radiation from interactions of the gamma radiation with the air. In all cases, software and data analysis are becoming increasingly important aspects of the subject as the data become ever greater and more complex. Beyond the telescopes to be flown in space or installed on the ground soon, instrumentation, taking advantage of new detector techniques which have come into being or older ones which now seem capable of being adapted to space, are being developed for the more distant future.     

考虑污染物传播规律的飞机座舱送风方式研究

为充分认识飞机座舱内污染物传播机理并控制和减少座舱内污染物传播,研究了不同送风方式对座舱内污染物传播特性及空气品质的影响。以波音737-200机型为研究对象,利用CFD技术建立了5排座舱模型,模拟计算了天花板和天花板+侧壁两种送风方式下座舱内气流场及污染物浓度场,通过等比例实验舱对部分工况气流场和污染物浓度值进行验证,并以空气龄为评价指标对空气品质进行评价。结果表明：在同等送风量下,天花板+侧壁送风更有利于污染物的扩散,通风效果充分,而天花板送风更容易造成污染物单点聚积,通风效果较差,且经济性较差。     

Paleomagnetic Records of Meteorites and Early Planetesimal Differentiation

The large-scale compositional structures of planets are primarily established during early global differentiation. Advances in analytical geochemistry, the increasing diversity of extraterrestrial samples, and new paleomagnetic data are driving major changes in our understanding of the nature and timing of these early melting processes. In particular, paleomagnetic studies of chondritic and small-body achondritic meteorites have revealed a diversity of magnetic field records. New, more sensitive and highly automated paleomagnetic instrumentation and an improved understanding of meteorite magnetic properties and the effects of shock, weathering, and other secondary processes are permitting primary and secondary magnetization components to be distinguished with increasing confidence. New constraints on the post-accretional histories of meteorite parent bodies now suggest that, contrary to early expectations, few if any meteorites have been definitively shown to retain records of early solar and protoplanetary nebula magnetic fields. However, recent studies of pristine samples coupled with new theoretical insights into the possibility of dynamo generation on small bodies indicate that some meteorites retain records of internally generated fields. These results indicate that some planetesimals formed metallic cores and early dynamos within just a few million years of solar system formation.     

Recent Space Data

This paper summarises the workshop session on recent space data. Most presentations addressed the intense solar storm in October–November 2003. Large perturbations of atmospheric trace gas concentrations, notably NO₂ and HNO₃, were found over extended areas around the magnetic poles in the mesosphere and stratosphere, extending over many weeks in the stratosphere. The impact on total ozone seems to be very limited although some more subtle investigations are still to be done. Several new space instruments with many innovative data products have been introduced. Very good coverage in vertically resolved observations of many chemical species is reached for stratospheric chemistry and dynamics research. Data have already been used to improve stratospheric models. Data continuity is an issue. However, the greatest concern is the lack of any suitable future space instrumentation for tropospheric research (air quality and climate forcing/carbon cycle) as well as UTLS problems (climate/chemistry interaction, stratosphere/troposphere exchange).     

纳米光催化技术在客机座舱空气质量控制中的应用

纳米光催化技术是一种新型的空气净化技术,近年来已成为空气净化领域的研究热点之一。本文简要介绍了纳米光催化技术的发展历史、净化机理以及国内外的研究进展;分析了实际应用中存在的问题;并指出了纳米光催化技术在客机座舱空气质量控制中的应用前景。     

发动机叶片榫头角度现场检测方法

对航空发动机叶片榫头角度进行现场测量是保证叶片加工质量的重要环节。本文结合叶片榫头的结构特点,针对使用传统的专用测具和标准件测量榫头角度存在的问题,设计了一种叶片榫头角度检测仪,并给出了相应的检测方法。实验和使用证实,该检测仪能提高检测效率,降低劳动强度,适合在生产现场使用。     

集中空调新风系统常见故障及排除方法

通过对空调新风系统重要性的分析,指出了影响集中空调系统新风量和新风品质的原因,提出了运用预埋法兰连接风管来保证新风量,在通风井底部设检查口清理新风竖井保证新风品质。     

进气加温模拟装置对涡扇发动机进气流场稳定性影响试验

为分析新设计的进气加温模拟装置对涡扇发动机进气流场稳定性的影响,对试验设备、测试方案、进气流场的稳定性评 估方法和试验方案进行设计研究。通过开展气源供气温度、供气流量和发动机状态多因素匹配工况下涡扇发动机与进气加温模 拟装置的联合试验,确定发动机进口气流稳定性指标的最高值。对不同试验工况数据进行计算分析,结果表明：进气加温模拟的 稳压进气道对发动机进口压力场影响较小,发动机状态稳定时进口温度场只有1个高温区,T 1 升高以及发动机状态提高,温度场及 压力场不稳定性增大,多工况下发动机温场周向不均匀度最大为0.6907%,压力场周向畸变指数最大为0.0187%。进气加温模拟 装置条件下,发动机压力场和温度场稳定性情况满足发动机试验要求,可为后续开展发动机进气加温试验提供参考。     

防区外发射导弹的航路规划

超低空突防是目前远距离空地导弹对地攻击的最为有效的突防模式,而预先对导弹突防路线进行航路规划则是灾防成功与否的关键。本文系统地给出了航路规划的设计思想、数学原理和路径生成方法,定量描述了威胁场和地形的数学模型。同时运用威胁场分区规划法、遗传算法,以及最优控制专家知识库的全新的寻优方法对复杂环境进行搜索,并引入模糊数学进行评估决策,从而产生最佳实防路径。     

气冷涡轮级流场的数值模拟方法与试验验证

采用具有TVD(total variation diminishing)性质的三阶精度Godunov格式、自由型曲面网格生成技术以及分区网格算法,对某型涡轮级进行考虑冷气掺混的全三维Navier-Stokes(N-S)方程数值求解,并将所得的结果与试验数据进行对比分析.通过分析数值模拟结果研究了该涡轮级所具有的气动特点.结果表明:所开发的快速、高效冷气掺混网格生成方法以及任意分区的流场求解算法可以满足工程上对气冷涡轮级的总体性能的快速估算及流场结构的详细描述.      

ETW: simulations of true flight behaviour

The capabilities of the European Transonic Windtunnel ETW to simulate flight conditions by testing at cryogenic temperatures are presented. The achieved flow quality and tunnel control form the basis for an excellent data repeatability and a high confidence level in the deliverables. Unique instrumentation has been developed to provide additional information about the test object and the surrounding flow field during tunnel entries. Typical samples of Reynolds number effects are shown. Productivity aspects are considered on the basis of recently performed test scenarios.     

History of monopulse radar in the USSR

Monopulse radars have played an important role in air and missile defense systems since the development of the monopulse technique in the late 1940s. This paper outlines the application of monopulse radars in Russian defense systems, starting with the Moscow ABM system and continuing in instrumentation and air defense radars now widely deployed in Russia and elsewhere     

未来智能空战发展综述

随着装备战斗力生成模式逐渐向机械化、信息化、智能化"三化融合"发展演变,未来航空主战装备的定位、形态及运用将可能发生根本性变革。为应对新时期空战任务所面临的环境高复杂性、博弈强对抗性、响应高实时性、信息不完整性、边界不确定性等一系列挑战,交叉融合人工智能理论与空战对抗技术,研发智能空战系统,将有望在下一代无人制空装备谱系中构建不对称"智能代差",成为制胜未来空天战场的核心关键。本文完整梳理了智能空战研究的发展脉络,总结了以专家机动逻辑、自动规则生成、规则演进、机器学习等方法为代表的智能空战基础理论。从体系、应用及技术视角全面剖析了智能空战的发展趋势,以智能空战的不确定性、安全性、解释性、迁移性、协同性为切入点阐述了智能空战应用落地的若干问题,以期为未来智能空战技术研究勾勒出一条新的探索路径,为人工智能理论与航空科学技术的跨领域交叉融合提供新的发展思路。     

Black Hole Studies: Overview and Outlook

In this article, I will attempt to give an overview of the motivations for studying black holes and of the current major problems in the field. I will also give some perspectives on what can be done in the future, focusing on instrumentation which has already been approved. This chapter will necessarily be more speculative than the other chapters in this volume.     

井下高速数据总线系统的设计

随着油气田开发的日益复杂,对勘探的要求越来越高,测井技术要求仪器提供的信息更全面、更准确,客观上要求我们必须提供大信息量、高精度、高时效和高可靠的新一代测井设备,即开发出成像测井系统.在各种成像系统中一个共同的关键技术就是高速电缆遥传系统.研制高速电缆遥传系统目的就是完成地面仪和井下仪器之间的高速、大数据量的数据传送.高速电缆遥传系统与井下仪器的通讯是通过高速电缆遥传系统中的井下仪器总线控制器(简称BCU)与遥传接口(简称RTU)之间的通讯来完成的.     

发动机空中插板逼喘试验研究

发动机飞行试验台进气扰流装置由一组安装在被试发动机吊舱进气道内的插板组成,通过安装不同数量的插板可以在被试发动机进口造成10%~60%的6种堵塞比。通过采用在发动机飞行台试验吊舱进气道上安装进气扰流装置对被试发动机进行逼喘试验,探讨了飞行台发动机插板逼喘试验的试验程序和方法。为进行被试发动机空中插板逼喘试验,测量被试发动机进口流场压力分布,对发动机飞行台试验吊舱的过渡段壁面加装了静压座,并安装了总压测量耙,对被试发动机进口的总压、静压及动态压力进行测量.在试验过程中,首先进行均匀流场地面试验,获得均匀来流下被试发动机进口总压流场,然后再安装30%、40%及50%的插板进行被试发动机地面逼喘试验,最后安装40%的插板进行被试发动机空中逼喘试验。研究了在航空发动机飞行试验台上采用插板方式进行逼喘试验的方法,包括试验设备、测试方法、试验程序,并对地面和空中试验的结果进行了简要的分析。     

Experimental study on ceramic membrane technology for onboard oxygen generation

The ceramic membrane oxygen generation technology has advantages of high concentra-tion of produced oxygen and potential nuclear and biochemical protection capability. The present paper studies the ceramic membrane technology for onboard oxygen generation. Comparisons are made to have knowledge of the effects of two kinds of ceramic membrane separation technologies on oxygen generation, namely electricity driven ceramic membrane separation oxygen generation technology (EDCMSOGT) and pressure driven ceramic membrane separation oxygen generation technology (PDCMSOGT). Experiments were conducted under different temperatures, pressures of feed air and produced oxygen flow rates. On the basis of these experiments, the flow rate of feed air, electric power provided, oxygen recovery rate and concentration of produced oxygen are compared under each working condition. It is concluded that the EDCMSOGT is the oxygen generation means more suitable for onboard conditions.     

几种特种测试技术在流体机械内流场测试中的应用

介绍了现代流动测试技术的特点、发展趋势及本课题组在流体动力设备研发方面的应用研究工作。主要工作有：热线风速仪技术(HWA)用于离心压缩机扩压器流场测试研究、用于湍流边界层的减阻控制研究；粒子图像速度场仪技术(PIV)用于叶轮机械动静相干非定常流场的研究、用于管道内横向射流的研究；激光多普勒测速仪技术(LDV)用于风机叶轮流场的测试研究等。