多套测试系统比对试验中标准差处理方法

针对全组合测量的数据，根据最小二乘法原理，提出了一种特殊的多套测试系统精度比对实验中标准差的最小二乘平差处理方法，当比对套数ｍ＞３时，利用此方法可分解开究竟哪一台仪器（或哪一套测试系统）的标准差最小，哪一台其次，从而评定参与比对各仪器精度的优劣，并以五套测速比对系统为例进行分析、论证。     

固体发动机实际成型药柱燃面退移快速算法

针对固体发动机电子计算机断层扫描(CT)图像数据具有伪影噪声的问题，和实际成型药柱燃面粗糙度大、退移计算难度大的问题，提出一种CT数据的快速最小距离函数(CTFMDF)法。固体火箭发动机CT图像中存在伪影噪声，采用非均值滤波(NLM)算法对CT图像进行去噪处理，采用Scharr算子对去伪影后的图像进行Canny边缘检测，提取装药燃面。最大类间方差(OTSU)算法将装药分离，并建立三维装药体数据模型，对燃面数据建立多个并行K-d树，快速检索出装药到燃面的最小距离。实验结果证明：对于不同的装药结构，可以完成任意燃去厚度时的燃面位置，且CT-FMDF法运行时间更短。基于CT实测数据，对于带有初始燃面缺陷的装药，可计算出燃烧时缺陷对燃面的影响。     

偏最小二乘回归模型内涵分析方法研究

偏最小二乘回归是一种新型的多元分析方法。它可以在自变量多重相关的条件下,有效地构造出对系统解释性最强的子空间,进行发建模,使模型的精度和可靠性得到很大的提高。本文提出采用因素分析方法,对偏最小二乘回归的最优子空间进行正交变换。这种变换方法对偏最小二乘回归的模型结果没有任何影响,却可以使最优子空间的实际含义得到更好的解释。案例研究表明,经过正交变换后,原始变量被分为若干变量组,每个变量组分别对应于最     

递推阻尼最小二乘及其在INS/双星组合中应用

由于双星系统的误差模型未知,且稳定性较差,采用Kalman滤波实现惯导(INS)/双星组合导航时,其滤波特性较差;而此时最小二乘法是实际工程应用中常用的方法,但易产生参数爆发现象.因此,提出了一种基于多输入-多输出(MI-MO)系统的递推阻尼最小二乘法,并将其应用到INS/双星组合导航系统中.仿真结果表明,利用递推阻尼最小二乘法能达到和递推最小二乘法同样的精度,且能明显抑制参数爆发现象.      

平面度最小区域评定的计算机实现方法

对平面度最小区域的评定问题，提出了一种极易在计算机上实现的简便方法，并在微机上用Ｃ语言编制了相应的计算机程序。大量实算证明：该算法准确、快速、稳定，评定结果都达到了最小条件。     

一种改进的机械臂逆运动学阻尼最小二乘算法

研究了机械臂的逆运动学求解问题，给出一种阻尼最小二乘算法. 经典阻尼最小二乘算法的表现依赖于阻尼系数的选取. 提出的算法不依赖于阻尼系数，只要阻尼常数为正数，通过适当选取每一步的更新步长，就可以保证算法收敛. 此外还考虑了存在关节约束时机械臂的逆运动学求解问题，给出了一种保证关节角不超出其的允许范围的阻尼最小二乘算法. 最后给出了两个仿真算例，证明了提出算法的有效性.     

用计算机求最小外接圆和最大内切圆的快速,精确方法

文中分别介绍了用计算机求最小外接圆和最大内切圆的新算法。该算法中每一步都能确定圆心的最佳移动方向,沿该方向的圆心移动量可由公式确定,从而只需少数几步迭代就可求得实际轮廓的最小外接圆和最大内切圆的精确位置。     

萌物--爪哇鼷鹿

在西班牙南部城市马拉加附近的丰希罗拉生态公园，一只爪哇鼷鹿幼崽和它的母亲在一起。爪哇鼷鹿是世界上最小的有蹄类动物之一，也被认为是最小的鹿。新生的爪哇鼷鹿体重不到100克，成年时也很少有体型大过兔子的，体重一般在1千克左右。     

挠性空间结构的H∞辨识

重点研究挠性空间结构的Ｈ∞辨识，研究表明：依据系统的输入输出空间，对系统的未知动力学参数估计和对高维数截断的适当操作，将导致适合于控制的低维数学模型。模型维数确定时，系统模型与实际系统的距离在Ｈ∞范数的意义下几乎为最小，模型维数足够大时，系统模型与实际系统的距离可任意小，这是文下间提出了挠性空间结构Ｈ∞辨识的基本思想，为此，以带挠性梁的卫星系统为背景，首先分析了系统的动力学特性，引入了挠性系统Ｈ∞     

快速爬升的奇异摄动中制导律设计

为满足实际作战的要求,基于最优控制理论和奇异摄动方法,提出了一种可保证中远程空地导弹快速爬升到最优高度的中制导律.它由变系数最优爬升控制,最小能量巡航控制和最小能量下滑控制组成.为了减小爬升段控制对下滑段的影响,提出了一种新的控制逻辑.最后针对某型空地导弹进行了仿真.结果表明,该中制导律较好地满足了中远程空地导弹在中制导段的要求.本文的研究结果具有较好地工程参考价值.     

A robust semi-analytic method to solve the minimum ΔV two-impulse rendezvous problem

A novel semi-analytic approach is developed to determine the minimum $\mathrm{\Delta }V$ for a two-impulse rendezvous and validated both empirically and analytically. A previously published closed-form $\mathrm{\Delta }V$ estimate and the Lambert minimum energy transfer is used to establish upper and lower bounds of the minimum $\mathrm{\Delta }V$ transfer between two orbits. These bounds, in conjunction with the bisection method, operate on a nonlinear radical cost function to guarantee linear convergence. This approach has several real world applications including a low earth orbit (LEO) to highly elliptical orbit (HEO), and a HEO to retrograde geosynchronous orbit transfer. The minimum $\mathrm{\Delta }V$ estimates are better than those reported in the existing literature, while run times improved as much as two orders of magnitude over a fixed time Lambert solver. All singularity cases were addressed such that any orbital geometry, including Hohmann and radial elliptic transfers, converged to the global minimum $\mathrm{\Delta }V$. This approach will work for both coplanar and non-coplanar 3D geometries for any orbit type.     

Evolutionary features of polar and non-polar coronal holes during solar cycle 24 and the rising phase of cycle 25

This paper presents the results of the analysis of the evolution of coronal holes (CHs) on the Sun during the period May 13, 2010 – March 20, 2022, covering Solar Cycle 24. Our study uses images in the extreme-ultraviolet iron line (Fe XII 193 Å) obtained with the Atmospheric Imager Assembly of the Solar Dynamics Observatory (AIA/SDO). To localize CHs and determine their areas, we used the Heliophysics Event Knowledgebase (HEK). We separate the CHs into polar and non-polar and study the evolutionary features of each group. During this period, an asymmetry between the Northern (N) and Southern (S) Hemispheres (N-S or hemispheric asymmetry) is detected both in the solar activity (SA) indices and in the localization of the maximum areas of the polar and non-polar CHs. It is shown that the hemispheric asymmetry of the areas of polar and non-polar CHs varies significantly over time and that the nature of these changes is clearly related to the SA cycle. We find that for most of the period, the polar CHs were predominated generated in the S- hemisphere while the non-polar CHs were dominant in the N- hemisphere. It is found that the maximum and minimum of the hemispheric imbalance in the areas of non-polar CHs are close in time to the maximum and minimum of the asymmetry of the SA indices (the number and areas of sunspots). The maximum hemispheric imbalance of the polar CH areas is observed at the maximum of Cycle 24, and the minimum imbalance is found at the cycle minimum. These results confirm our assumption that these two types of CHs are of a different nature and that the non-polar CHs, like sunspots, are elements of the general magnetic activity.     

Study the behavior of the ionospheric frequencies at Karachi during three consecutive solar minima of cycle 21, 22 & 23 and their comparison with IRI-2016

The behavior of critical frequencies of ionospheric E and F2 layers (foE & foF2) along with minimum ionospheric frequency (fmin) is studied for solar minima of cycle 21 (1986), 22 (1996) and 23 (2008) over Karachi (24.95$°$N, 67.13$°$E), Pakistan. The station is located at the crest of equatorial ionization anomaly region. Beside seasonal differences, pronounced change in the values of frequencies is noted from one solar minimum to another solar minimum. A strong and direct correlation of foF2 with Smoothed Sunspot Number (SSN) and F10.7?cm solar flux is observed. In the minimum of cycle 23, reduction in foF2 is noted due to reduction of solar EUV as compared to other minima. Also disappearance of semi-annual variations in foF2 is noted in cycle 23 minimum. Unexpectedly higher values of foE and fmin are observed in minimum of cycle 23 as compared to other minima. It is difficult to explain this unusual behavior of fmin and foE along with disappearance of semi-annual variation in foF2. It is possible that during very low solar activity, thermospheric conditions are changed which in turn altered the ionosphere. Further investigation of atmosphere-ionosphere coupling is required to understand this complex behavior. On comparison of observed values with IRI-2016, higher deviations are observed in foE before noon hours while in case of foF2, large deviations are noted during daytime. The absence of foF2 semi-annual variation in cycle 23 is not reproduced by IRI-2016. It is suggested that IRI-2016 need some modification for extremely low solar activity condition.     

Impact of rogue active regions on hemispheric asymmetry

The solar dipole moment at activity minimum is a good predictor of the strength of the subsequent solar cycle. Through a systematic analysis using a state-of-the-art $2\times 2$D solar dynamo model, we found that bipolar magnetic regions (BMR) with atypical characteristics can modify the strength of the next cycle via their impact on the buildup of the dipole moment as a sunspot cycle unfolds. In addition to summarizing these results, we present further effects of such “rogue” BMRs. These have the ability to generate hemispheric asymmetry in the subsequent sunspot cycle, since they modify the polar cap flux asymmetry of the ongoing cycle. We found strong correlation between the polar cap flux asymmetry of cycle i and the total pseudo sunspot number asymmetry of cycle $i+1$. Good correlation also appears in the case of the time lag of the hemispheres of cycle $i+1$.     

直线度误差测定中几个问题的探讨

讨论了在直线度误差测量中应注意遵循的几个原则：测量值直接作用原则、测量线与工作线一致原则和两测头联线垂直被测风面原则；建议以最小包容区域计算机精确算法作为今后评定直线度误差的主要方法；提出了一种新的最小包容区域计算机精确算法—“构造封闭凸多边形法”；在采样点测量值直接作用和非直接作用两种情况下，根据其采样点偏差值的分布，给出了相应的直线度误差的测量下确定度评定公式。     

Shaping low-thrust trajectories with thrust-handling feature

Shape-based methods are becoming popular in low-thrust trajectory optimization due to their fast computation speeds. In existing shape-based methods constraints are treated at the acceleration level but not at the thrust level. These two constraint types are not equivalent since spacecraft mass decreases over time as fuel is expended. This paper develops a shape-based method based on a Fourier series approximation that is capable of representing trajectories defined in spherical coordinates and that enforces thrust constraints. An objective function can be incorporated to minimize overall mission cost, i.e., achieve minimum $\mathrm{\Delta }V$. A representative mission from Earth to Mars is studied. The proposed Fourier series technique is demonstrated capable of generating feasible and near-optimal trajectories. These attributes can facilitate future low-thrust mission designs where different trajectory alternatives must be rapidly constructed and evaluated.     

Ka波段MEMS分布线式移相器特性的仿真研究

在理想共面波导CPW（coplanar-waveguide）上周期性加载微电子机械系统MEMS（Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems）开关,实现了4位Ka波段分布线式DMTL（distributed MEMS transmission line）移相器的建模和仿真。通过改变驱动电压来调整MEMS桥的高度,从而改变CPW的相速达到实时延迟。并采用HFSS全波分析和ADS电路分析工具,经仿真计算表明在38GHz以下移相器具有良好的移相精度（3°）、较低的插损（S21在-10dB以下）及回波损耗（S11〈-4dB）,在弹载相控阵收发组件上具有较大应用价值。     

Practical method for routine analysis of the valley parameters between E- and F-region of the ionosphere

Measurement of the virtual height and the frequency of the minimum of the F-region extraordinary trace in digital and analog ionograms can provide a world-wide survey of the main parameters for the valley between E- and F-region ionization. The two added quantities establish also the starting point for the true height analysis of the F-region ionization.     

轴对称零件拉深过程中的最小无皱压边力

对轴对称零件的突缘变形区，动用能量法和二维折线式变位函数，计及材料常数ｎ、ｒ值和板厚变化，揭示了拉深中最小无皱压力的变化规律，指出其最大值明显滞后行突缘变形最大径向拉力的发生时刻，突破了两者基本上同时发生的传统结论计算结果与实验数据符合良好。     

空对空导弹全向攻击区计算研究

本文建立了空空导弹任意平面的全向攻击区计算模型,在程序设计上实现了快速求解攻击区边界的方法,并利用图形显示技术,将攻击区从终端或打印机输出。最后以某型号实例进行了计算。