含磷聚酰亚胺的合成与抗原子氧性能

利用自行合成的含磷芳香族二胺单体--二(3-氨基苯基)苯基氧化磷(DAPPO),制备了一系列含磷聚酰亚胺薄膜.在原子氧地面模拟设备中对该薄膜进行了原子氧暴露实验,并采用场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等分析手段对原子氧暴露前后薄膜表面的聚集态结构和化学结构演化进行了分析.结果表明,原子氧暴露后,引入含磷二胺单体的聚酰亚胺薄膜表面形成了富磷保护层,剥蚀率减小,抗原子氧性能明显提高, 磷质量分数为5.47%的聚酰亚胺薄膜在原子氧作用20h的总剥蚀率分别降低为Kapton^和Upliex-R型聚酰亚胺的13%和20%.     

聚酰亚胺/无机氧化物复合薄膜的制备与耐原子氧性能

分别以锆酸四丁酯、钛酸四丁酯和正硅酸乙酯为氧化物前驱体,利用溶胶凝胶法制备了一系列聚酰亚胺/无机氧化物复合薄膜,在原子氧地面模拟设备中进行了原子氧暴露实验,原子氧累计通量约为3.1×10²⁰ atom/cm².分别考察了无机氧化物种类和含量对复合薄膜力学性能和耐原子氧性能的影响.结果表明,无机氧化物在聚酰亚胺基体中的分散形态对其力学性能影响很大;原子氧暴露后,聚酰亚胺薄膜表面分别形成了富锆、富钛和富硅的保护层,质量损失率减小,耐原子氧性能明显提高.     

喷涂粉末对Al-Cu-Fe准晶涂层组织结构的影响

准晶材料具有低热导率、低磨擦系数、良好的耐磨性和抗氧化性、高硬度、高温塑性等优异性能,使之适于作为表面防护涂层.为了提高钛合金的抗高温氧化性能和耐磨性能, 采用低压等离子喷涂方法LPPS (Low Pressure Plasma Spraying)在钛合金表面制备了Al-Cu-Fe准晶涂层.通过改变喷涂粉末的成分和粒度大小,研究了喷涂粉末对制备态涂层相结构及微观形貌的影响. 由X-射线衍射XRD(X-Ray Diffraction)、扫描电镜SEM(Scanning Electronic Microscope)分析得出:采用原子比为Al70Cu20Fe10、粒度为-325目的粉末制备的涂层,在800℃下真空退火处理2?h后,结构均匀致密,二十面体准晶相(I相)含量高,并只含有少量的β相.     

基于海南VHF雷达观测的低纬E区场向不规则体研究

利用海南VHF雷达（19.5°N,109.1°E;磁纬8.1°N）在2011年7月15—22日期间的连续观测数据,对东亚低纬3m尺度电离层场向不规则体（FAI）特性进行了分析. 主要结果表明,在整个观测期间,E区场向不规则体几乎每天发生,既可发生于夜间,也可发生于白天,且存在各种不同结构. 根据E区场向不规则体发生的时间及形态,可将其分为三种结构类型:低部连续型结构、上部下降型结构以及白天连续型结构. 这些低纬E区场向不规则体的回波谱特性与赤道电集流（EEJ）和中纬区E区场向不规则体中的2型回波相类似,但其随时间的变化与后两者存在明显差异,且与其他低纬区E区场向不规则体回波存在不同程度的差异.      

硅基底上外延生长过渡金属硅化物薄膜的研究

过渡金属与硅的接触系统一直被人们所关注,是因为它们在界面处具有肖特基势垒的形成、过渡金属硅化物的外延生长、制作器件的稳定和耐高温等重要性.因此在硅基底上形成金属硅化物薄膜也被广泛应用于半导体工业.对硅衬底上蒸发的Cr、Fe、Mn薄膜进行热处理,通过固相反应法(SPR)制备过渡金属硅化物薄膜,即经过对过渡金属硅化物(薄膜)/Si系统进行各种温度、不同时间的热处理,制备出各种过渡金属硅化物薄膜.对于制成的各种硅化物薄膜,用X射线衍射法(XRD)和软X射线发射分光光谱法(SXES)对它们的组成成分进行了分析和确认.并且,由这两种分析方法表明:各种过渡金属硅化物薄膜在硅衬底上各形成了单一相的均匀层硅化物薄膜.     

银纳米结构的电化学制备及表面增强拉曼效应

利用电化学沉积的方法在氧化铟锡(ITO,Indium Tin Oxide)导电玻璃表面成功地制备出了形貌均一的银纳米结构.所制备银纳米结构的形貌和密度与前驱体AgNO₃的浓度、沉晶种电位、生长电位以及柠檬酸钠的加入均有着重要的关系,只有合理地设置这些参数才能制得形貌和密度均较为理想的银纳米粒子.此外以对巯基苯胺(p-ATP,p-aminothiophenol)为探针分子,在633 nm的激光激发下对银纳米结构进行了表面增强拉曼效应(SERS,Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering)的研究,结果表明其在SERS领域有着潜在的应用价值.     

基于新型C4D的小管道气液两相流流型辨识方法

基于径向结构的电容耦合式非接触电阻抗检测传感器,结合小波包分析技术和K-均值聚类算法,提出一种小管道气液两相流流型辨识方法。首先,利用径向结构的电容耦合式非接触电阻抗检测传感器,获取反映被测流体信息的电阻抗测量信号实部信息和虚部信息。然后,采用小波包分解的信号处理技术将实部信息和虚部信息分别分为4个频率段,提取不同频率范围的能量分布情况,并与各自的均值、方差构成特征向量。最后,利用K-均值聚类算法进行模式分类,建立流型辨识模型。在内径为3.5 mm和5.5 mm的玻璃管道内进行验证实验,实验结果表明,所获得的传感器测量信号能反映流体流动信息,提出的流型辨识技术路线是有效的,流型辨识精度可达88%以上。     

SmCox-0.4Ti0.4合金薄带的相结构和磁性能

SmCo_x-0.4Ti_0.4(x=5.0, 5.5, 6.5, 7.0)合金经42m/s速度甩带快速凝固制成薄带,在真空热处理炉中,进行750℃两小时热处理.对制得的甩带状态和热处理状态合金薄带分别测试其相结构和磁性能.结果表明:SmCo_x-0.4Ti_0.4合金甩带状态样品相结构随Co含量的不同而变化,其中x=5.0,5.5和6.5的合金样品由2∶ 17和1∶ 5两相结构组成;x=7.0成分样品由1∶ 7单相结构组成.甩带状态样品的比饱和磁化强度和比剩余磁化强度基本上线性增加,内禀矫顽力在合金成分为x=5.0时出现最大值,为1.01T.薄带样品热处理前后均具有纳米晶结构,表现出剩磁增强效应.样品矫顽力机制主要为形核型,反磁化形核场主要来源于SmCo硬磁相大的磁晶各向异性及其纳米晶结构.热处理后,除x=7.0样品外,其余样品矫顽力均有所下降.     

溶胶-水热法合成PZT纳米粉体及性能研究

结合溶胶-凝胶和水热法的优点,采用改进的溶胶-水热复合法在较低温下制备出纯相PZT纳米粉体,并对粉体的烧结性能进行了研究,分别讨论了烧结温度、保温时间等工艺参数对烧结陶瓷密度、微观结构和压电性能的影响.270℃保温热处理2h可合成出粒径约为20~30nm,具有良好分散性的钙钛矿型PZT纳米粉体,且具有良好的烧结活性.在1150℃烧结保温2h,压电性能达到最优(机电耦合系数: 0.50,机械品质因数: 410,压电常数: 220pC/N,介电常数: 1060).结果表明,溶胶水热复合法具有合成温度低、组分易于控制、粉体烧结活性高的优点.      

乳液冷冻干燥法制备壳聚糖/聚乳酸复合材料

亲水性细胞外基质聚糖和疏水性脂肪族聚酯材料之间的复合是生物材料研究面临的巨大挑战。本研究以亲水性壳聚糖(CS)的醋酸溶液为水相,疏水性聚乳酸(PLA)的CHCl3溶液为油相,Tween80为表面活性剂,采用乳液冷冻干燥法制备了CS/PLA复合材料。FTIR分析发现,复合材料中CS和PLA组分间存在强烈的氢键相互作用。SEM观察表明,控制PLA的体积分数不高于50%,则复合材料的孔隙结构相互贯通,CS和PLA分布均匀。CS/PLA复合材料的孔隙率介于85%~90%,并且随PLA用量的增加,孔隙率略有下降。当PLA用量体积分数由25%增加到75%时,复合材料的力学性能介于CS和PLA的力学性能之间,其压缩强度由0.20 MPa增加到0.33 MPa,压缩模量由2.84 MPa增加到4.83 MPa。这种CS/PLA两亲复合体系为新型生物材料的设计和构建提供了新方法。     

固溶时效处理对高强高韧钛合金显微组织与力学性能的影响

对固溶时效处理后的高强高韧钛合金初生α相的体积分数、尺寸,次生α相的体积分数和α_s/β相界面密度等显微组织特征进行了定量表征和统计分析,探讨了随着固溶温度的变化,高强高韧钛合金显微组织与其力学性能间的相关性.结果表明:在α+β两相区固溶时效处理,随着固溶温度的升高,合金初生α相的体积分数降低,相尺寸先降低后略有升高,次生α相的体积分数升高,α_s/β相界面密度先升高后降低.初生α相的体积分数与伸长率、静力韧度和裂纹形成功正相关,α_s/β相界面密度与合金屈服强度成正相关.      

考虑壁板单向压紧制孔瞬时回弹的压紧力优化

飞机大部件对接自动化制孔采用蒙皮侧单向压紧制孔技术,而由于在常见的自动化制孔系统中叠层材料被钻透的瞬间产生瞬时回弹,对制孔设备和加工质量等方面造成严重的影响,针对该问题进行机身蒙皮侧制孔压紧力优化分析。通过有限元分析方法进行制孔过程的模拟仿真,根据不同环境下的回弹现象,确定压紧力优化分析方案,综合考虑接触间隙、瞬时回弹和制孔刚性的影响,进行多目标优化分析,从而得到最优的压紧力工艺参数。计算结果表明,在飞机常见框间对接段自动化钻孔中,采用轴向力为150 N的麻花钻时压紧力的最优解为314.54 N,采用轴向力为100 N的自动化一体钻时压紧力的最优解为362.73 N。通过现场试验,压紧力最优解满足生产要求,实际最优压紧力低于最优解不超过20 N,因此考虑不同加工环境等因素构建合理的工艺参数选定范围。      

GNSS-R open-loop difference phase altimetry: Results from a bridge experiment

The paper explores a method to obtain accurate lake surface heights using measurements of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) carrier phase reflected from the lake surface. The method is referred to as Global Navigation Satellite System-Reflection (GNSS-R) open-loop difference phase altimetry method. It consists of two key technologies: one is the open-loop tracking method to track the GNSS-R signals, where the direct GNSS signal’s frequency is used as a reference frequency to obtain the carrier phases of the GNSS-R signals; the other key technology is time difference phase altimetry method to invert the lake surface heights using two or more carrier phases of GNSS-R signals received simultaneously. A validation experiment is carried out on the SANYING bridge over GUANTING lake using a GNSS-R receiver developed by the Center for Space Science and Applied Research (CSSAR), processing the data with GNSS-R open-loop difference phase altimetry method. The lake surface height results are consistent with the height results of GPS dual-frequency differential positioning altimetry. The results show that we can achieve centimeter level height in one minute average, by using 11 minutes carrier phase data of three GNSS-R signals received simultaneously.     

一种基于DCT的SAR图像自聚焦算法

研究了一种基于离散余弦变换(DCT, Discrete Cosine Transform)的SAR(Synthetic Aperture Radar)图像自聚焦算法.该方法从复图像域出发,通过在距离压缩相位历史域引入相位误差模型,改变图像的聚焦程度直至一维像的DCT序列在高序数区域的权值达到最大,从而完成误差校正.同相位梯度自聚焦算法相比,该方法无需在图像域分离出强点目标,因此特别适用于无任何明显特征的图像.由于DCT存在快速算法,使得该自聚焦算法计算量较少,更易实现.实测数据及仿真数据的成像结果证明了此方法的可行性.      

基于EEG的脑力疲劳特征研究

模拟飞行员在飞行过程中监视仪表信息的过程,分析脑电（EEG）随脑力疲劳变化的特点及规律,从而为后期对抗脑力疲劳提供科学根据。通过设计2级不同难度的视觉监控任务分别诱发脑力疲劳,采用多种方法相结合进行研究,比较EEG参数（δ、θ、α、β、（α+θ）/β、α/β、（α+θ）/（α+β）和 θ/β）在任务前后的变化情况。结果表明:从正常到疲劳状态,额区、中央区、顶区和枕区的α波相对能量显著增加（P < 0.05）;前额区、侧额区、后颞区以及枕区的β波相对能量显著降低（P < 0.05）;δ波和θ波相对能量变化未达到显著性差异（均有P > 0.05）;参数（α+θ）/β、α/β、（α+θ）/（α+β）和θ/β在除颞区外的各脑区都显著增大（P < 0.05）;在颞区,只有α/β在疲劳前后增加明显（P < 0.05）;与较高难度的任务比较,低难度任务中的各EEG参数变化较为明显。因此,除δ波和θ波以外的其他特征参数被证实在特定的脑区域可以作为衡量脑力疲劳的潜在指标,同时可以验证适当地增加任务难度可以在某种程度上对抗脑力疲劳的产生。      

Study of atmospheric air pollutants during the partial solar eclipse on 15 January 2010 over Udaipur: A semi-arid location in Western India

The paper describes behavior of surface ozone, its precursor gases, BC along with TOCC, TWVC, AOT1020 nm as well as UV and IR radiation intensities observed during the partial solar eclipse of 15th January, 2010 over Udaipur, where 52% solar disc is obscured due to the moon’s shadow. During the beginning to main eclipse phase, the deviation values of several air pollutants concentrations from eclipse to control day values vary in a small range from −9 to −2 ppb in case of surface ozone and −180 to −80 ppb for CO. The corresponding change in the values of BC observed from −3.3 to −.5 μg/m³. No significant change is found in NO₂, NO or in ratio of NO₂/NO values during the partial eclipse time. TOCC values decrease from 3 to 5 DU along with a reduction in UV radiation intensity from 20 to 35% from starting to the main eclipse phase. The AOT1020 nm values are found to increase from .2 to 1.0 along with a reduction in IR radiation intensity order of 50%. However, TWVC values decrease from .22 to .1 cm during the eclipse hours. The low level of dilution in surface ozone in eclipse period may be attributed with change in local atmospheric boundary layer dynamic conditions or limited air pollutants dispersion, in term of decreases in planetary boundary layer height, wind speed and hence ventilation coefficient in the same eclipse hours. Thus, present studies support the argument for the leading roles of photochemical reactions with its precursor gases under presence of solar radiation in surface ozone variability. Other possible controlling factors are advection of air pollutants from the polluted region as evident from backward wind trajectories and altering the local meteorological conditions.     

Global characteristics of ionospheric electric fields and disturbances during the first hours of magnetic storms

The ionospheric plasma density can be significantly disturbed during magnetic storms. In the conventional scenario of ionospheric storms, the negative storm phases with plasma density decreases are caused by neutral composition changes, and the positive storm phases with plasma density increases are often related to atmospheric gravity waves. However, recent studies show that the global redistribution of the ionospheric plasma is dominated primarily by electric fields during the first hours of magnetic storms. In this paper, we present the measurements of ionospheric disturbances by the DMSP satellites and GPS network during the magnetic storm on 6 April 2000. The DMSP measurements include the F region ion velocity and density at the altitude of ∼840 km, and the GPS receiver network provides total electron content (TEC) measurements. The storm-time ionospheric disturbances show the following characteristics. The plasma density is deeply depleted in a latitudinal range of ∼20° over the equatorial region in the evening sector, and the depletions represent plasma bubbles. The ionospheric plasma density at middle latitudes (20°–40° magnetic latitudes) is significantly increased. The dayside TEC is increased simultaneously over a large latitudinal range. An enhanced TEC band forms in the afternoon sector, goes through the cusp region, and enters the polar cap. All the observed ionospheric disturbances occur within 1–5 h from the storm sudden commencement. The observations suggest that penetration electric fields play a major role in the rapid generation of equatorial plasma bubbles and the simultaneous increases of the dayside TEC within the first 2 h during the storm main phase. The ionospheric disturbances at later times may be caused by the combination of penetration electric fields and neutral wind dynamo process.