退火对CoFe薄膜结构特性的影响

利用粉末冶金方法置备了Co90Fe10靶材,用X射线能量损失谱(EDX)分析靶材成分,并利用X射线衍射分析靶材的结构。CoFe薄膜在优于5.5×10-4Pa的本底真空度下室温沉积在热氧化Si基片上,样品在3×10-5Pa真空度下分别进行了450℃和500℃的60min退火处理。用EDX和俄歇电子能谱分别分析了靶材和薄膜的成分中Co,Fe的比例。X射线衍射发现沉积在热氧化Si基片上的CoFe膜(111)晶面面间距明显小于靶材相应晶面面间距,退火处理使膜(111)晶面面间距明显增大,趋向靶材面间距。磁阻特性测量表明室温沉积的薄膜磁电阻经450℃和500℃退火后得到非常明显改善。     

沉积温度对水热电泳沉积硅酸锆涂层显微结构和性能的影响

以硅酸锆粉体为原料,异丙醇为溶剂,采用水热电泳沉积法在C/C-SiC复合材料基体表面制备了硅酸锆外涂层.通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对涂层的晶相结构和微观形貌进行表征.研究了沉积温度对硅酸锆涂层沉积量及显微结构的影响,及不同沉积温度下涂层的沉积动力学,同时测试了涂层的抗氧化性能.结果表明:在353...     

化学液相沉积制备PbSe薄膜生长过程及其性能研究

采用化学液相沉积方法在醋酸铅溶液体系中制备了厚度在微米量级的PbSe薄膜,通过扫描电镜、X射线衍射和红外光谱分析等测试手段研究了PbSe薄膜的生长过程以及沉积时间对薄膜相结构、表面形貌和红外透光性能的影响.研究结果表明:随着沉积时间的增加,薄膜致密度增大,Se/Pb原子比增加,都为表面富Se的PbSe薄膜;在不同沉积时...     

X射线脉冲星导航方法研究综述

X射线脉冲星导航技术是一种新兴的、有潜力的航天器自主导航技术。作为导航参考源,脉冲星的自转长期稳定性极佳。因此,X射线脉冲星导航在深空探测、星座自主导航以及时间基准自主维持等领域具有较大优势。首先,对X射线脉冲星导航的背景意义进行了简要介绍。其次,介绍了X射线脉冲星导航2个方面的关键技术：面向导航的脉冲星数据处理技术以及脉冲星导航理论的研究进展。再次,总结了现有的以及未来可能的X射线脉冲星导航应用体制。最后,展望了X射线脉冲星导航技术的发展趋势,并对全文进行了总结。     

玻璃纤维化学镀Ni-Fe-P合金工艺中复合络合剂的影响

研究了复合络合剂对玻璃纤维化学镀Ni-Fe-P合金的影响,讨论了复合络合剂中各组分的配比对镀层沉积速度的影响,用X射线能谱仪对镀层成分进行了分析,测定了镀层的电阻率,利用SEM对镀层的表观形貌进行了研究。     

X射线聚焦光学在脉冲星探测领域的应用

脉冲星是人类20世纪发现的重大天文学事件，X射线脉冲星探测作为天体物理学和空间探测领域的重要分支之一，在基础科学研究和工程应用领域具有极其重要的意义，长期以来被美国、欧洲、日本和中国列入国家重大发展规划。脉冲星探测面临自身辐射流量微弱、空间辐射本底复杂、X射线易散射等难题，特别是毫秒脉冲星的高灵敏度探测极具挑战性。近年来，X射线聚焦光学的快速发展为空间天文学、空间科学、脉冲星计时与导航等领域提供了新方法和新视角。通过回顾半个世纪以来X射线聚焦光学的发展历程，总结了未来脉冲星探测需求，阐述了空间X射线聚焦光学的关键技术、应用情况与发展现状。最后，对X射线聚焦光学技术发展趋势及其在X射线脉冲星探测领域的潜在应用进行展望。     

NiCrAlYSi涂层/DD6单晶高温合金界面再结晶和互扩散行为

采用电子束物理气相沉积(EB-PVD)在单晶高温合金DD6基体上沉积NiCrAlYSi涂层.利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)以及透射电镜(TEM)等研究了高温扩散过程中NiCrAlYSi/DD6的界面再结晶和互扩散行为.研究结果表明合金表面喷砂处理后的涂层试样经1 323 K真空热处理4 ...     

石墨碳-石英产品的高分辨X射线探伤技术

由于石墨对X射线吸收系数很小,散射强烈,故对X射线探伤造成极大困难.本成果着重研究了减轻X射线散射问题,采用过滤板和金属荧光增减等方法,减轻了散射,大大提高了石墨材料的探伤灵敏度.光厚度为10 mm～300 mm时,透度计灵敏度可达0.7%～2.0%,能检测出气孔、裂纹、分层、疏松等缺陷,探伤灵敏度达到国际水平,目前未见其他单位进行这项工作.本成果对石墨喷管喉衬进行X射线检验,取得良好效果.     

喷射沉积A1-Si-Fe-Mn-Cu-Mg合金的微观组织与力学性能

利用喷射沉积技术制备了Al-20Si-5Fe-(0～3)Mn-3Cu-1Mg合金。借助扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、X射线衍射和拉伸试验等手段研究了喷射沉积合金的微观组织和力学性能，分析了不同Mn含量对合金组织演变的影响。结果表明，当合金中加入3％Mn时，组织中针状的Al-Si-Fe金属间化合物被颗粒状的Al     

KS—9石墨X射线检验方法研究

前言为提高某些重要的石墨零部件的工作可靠性,往往需要进行无损探伤。据报导,在六十年代前美国就开展了石墨材料的无损探伤试验研究。目前常用X射线、超声波、液体渗透等多种方法相配合,对石墨材料毛坯及其零、部件进行无损探伤,其中X射线照相法被广乏采用。我们从1962年起曾就薄的石墨材料毛坯及其部件采用X射线照相法进行了试验研     

Preparation and Photoluminescence of ZnO Nanostructures

Porous anodic alumina (PAA) hosts with ZnO nanoparticles loaded in were prepared by immersing PAA films in an aqueous solu-tion of zinc acetate and then annealing at high temperatures. Highly ordered ZnO nanodot arrays were produced using the method in combination of PAA template with RF magnetron sputtering deposition. The photoluminescence of the ZnO/PAA composite and the highly ordered ZnO nanodot arrays were investigated by means of a fluorescent spectrometer. The ZnO/PAA composite exhibits intense and broad photoluminescence spectra with the peak position at around 485 nm. The ZnO nanodot arrays have a strong UV light emissive peak at about 380 nm and a wide light emissive peak at 460 nm-610 nm at the room temperature.     

纳米氧化锌改性聚四氟乙烯的研究

以纳米氧化锌为填充剂,通过乳液共混方法制备了纳米氧化锌改性聚四氟乙烯复合材料。实验确定了较理想的复合工艺,能够在成本基本不变的条件下明显改善复合材料的多项性能。另外,通过扫描电镜观察了复合材料的微观结构,研究了纳米氧化锌颗粒的粒度分布,分析了复合材料的性能随增强体加入量的变化规律,在此基础上,探讨了纳米氧化锌改性聚四氟乙烯的机理。     

Preparation,Growth Mechanisms and Characterizations of ZnSe Films via the Solvothermal Method

With diethylamine as a solvent, ZnSe films were formed on the Si substrate directly from zinc and selenium through the modified solvothermal method. The effects of holding temperature, deposition time and substrate surface treatment on the quality and morpholo-gies of the ZnSe films were investigated. The growth mechanism of ZnSe films was proved to be a layer-nucleation growth process, which was tied in with the Stranski-Krastanov (SK) model. ZnSe films were identified by the X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD), the scan-ning electron microscope (SEM), the X-ray photoelectron spectroscope (XPS) and the photoluminescence (PL) techniques. The results indicate that the modified solvothermal method with diethylamine as a solvent is suitable to prepare high quality ZnSe films.     

碳/碳复合材料表面纳米HAp/壳聚糖生物复合涂层的制备

以声化学法合成的纳米羟基磷灰石(HAp)为起始原料,以异丙醇作为分散介质,采用水热电泳沉积法在经壳聚糖(CS)溶液改性后的碳/碳复合材料(C/C)表面沉积纳米HAp/CS生物复合涂层.重点研究了水热条件下沉积电压对复合涂层的晶相组成、形貌和结构的影响规律.采用X-射线衍射仪(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、傅立叶变换红外光谱分析仪(FTIR)和场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)对所制备的涂层进行表征.结果表明:随着沉积电压的升高,涂层更加致密和均匀;同时水热环境有利于纳米HAp晶粒的生长,制备出的HAp/CS复合涂层不需要后续热处理.     

EFFECT OF DEPOSITIONS CONDITION ON THE MICROSTRUCTURE OF C／C MINICOMPOSITE

C/C minicomposites were manufactured by CVI with propylene as resource gas and Ar as diluent gas. Effects of deposition temperature, the flow rate of propylene and total system pressure on theof C/C minicomposites were investigated. Deposition conditions are as follows: deposition temperature ranging from 870℃ to 1000℃. the flow rate of propylene from 10 to 60 ml/min, and total system pressure from 3 to 16kPa. The results revealed : The deposit distributes non-uniformly as increasing the deposition temperature or total system pressure. The effect of the flow rate of propylene on the distribution of deposit observes different principles at different deposition temperatures. If the deposition temperature rises to 900℃, the deposit distributes more non-uniformly as increasing the flow rate of propylene. The morphology of deposit varies with deposition condition, such as smooth, droplet-like or spike-like. Deposition mechanism varies with deposition condition. It can be surface reaction nucleation and growth, heterogeneous nucleation of liquid droplet on carbon fiber or gas-borne nuclei-growth. With the principle of nuclei-growth of crystal and the method of phenomenology, the changes of deposition mechanism and the morphology of pyrolytic carbon with deposition condition were explained successfully. The effect of deposition condition on deposit homogeneity stems from the effect of deposition condition on the CVI kinetics and the deposition mechanism of pyrolytic carbon.     

Investigation of Formation Process of the Chrome-free Passivation Film of Electrodeposited Zinc

The feasibility was investigated to substitute chrome-free passivation treatment of electrodeposited zinc in a titanium bath for chromate passivation treatment. The formation mechanism of the chrome-free passivation film was further analyzed. The surface mor- phologies and the elemental compositions of the treated samples with varied immersion times were observed by scanning electron mi- croscopy (SEM) and determined by energy dispersion spectrometry (EDS), respectively. The electrode potential of the sample surface was recorded in the film formation process. The changes of the electrode potential are in accordance with that of SEM and EDS of the sample surface. The results of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) show the chrome-free passivation film composed of ZnO, SiO2, TiO2, Zn4Si2O7(OH)2, and SrF2. The anode zinc dissolution and the local pH value increase due to the cathode hydrogen ion reduction process result in the formation of the chrome-free passivation film. The macro-images of the chrome-free passivation films formed on electrodeposited zinc show that the color of the film changes from blue to iridescence with the increase of the immersion times.     

Effect of nickel introduced by electroplating on pyrocarbon deposition of carbon-fiber preforms

In order to improve the deposition rate and microstructure of pyrocarbon, nickel was introduced by electroplating on carbon fibers and used as a catalyst during the deposition of pyrocarbon at 1000 C using methane as a precursor gas. The distribution of nickel catalyst and the microstructure of pyrocarbon were characterized by scanning electron microscopy（SEM）, energy dispersive spectroscopy（EDS）, X-ray diffraction（XRD）, and Raman micro-spectrometry. Results show that nano-sized nickel particles could be well distributed on carbon fibers and the pyrocarbon deposited catalytically had a smaller d002 value and a higher graphitization degree compared with that without catalyst. In addition, the deposition rate of pyrocarbon in each hour was measured.The deposition rate of pyrocarbon in the first hour was more than 10 times when carbon cloth substrates were doped with nickel catalysts as compared to the pure carbon cloths. The pyrocarbon gained by rapid deposition may include two parts, which are generation directly on the nickel catalyst and formation with the carbon nanofibers as crystal nucleus.     

碳纳米管/ 石墨烯杂化材料分散性的优化

通过超声制备出不同的碳纳米材料分散液。通过紫外光谱证明分散液中的杂化材料已成功合成,同时通过紫外光谱、显微镜扫描和沉淀实验表征碳纳米材料的分散性。结果表明:相比于碳纳米管和石墨烯,碳纳米管/石墨烯杂化材料皆具有优异的分散性,但由于杂化材料合成机理的差异,在一步法制备杂化材料中碳纳米管和石墨烯有相同机会和聚丙烯酰氯发生反应,可更好地阻碍碳纳米管的团聚,因此一步法合成的碳纳米管/石墨烯杂化材料的分散性要优于多步法合成的杂化材料,实现了碳纳米杂化材料分散性的优化。     

纳米颗粒在储层微流道中的减阻机理实验研究

用SNP1-1、SNP2-2和SNP2-4三种疏水纳米材料分别与柴油配制成3种油基纳米液,用SNP2-2分别与ND3和ND4配制成2种水基纳米液,通过岩心流动实验测试了这5种纳米液的减阻效果。实验结果显示,3种油基纳米液使岩心水相渗透率提高了42%、49%和24%,2种水基纳米液分别使岩心水相渗透率提高了17.5%和75%,5种纳米液都具有减阻效果,但不同纳米液的效果差异明显,这说明增注液不具有唯一性,但纳米粒径、修饰剂和分散剂对减阻效果有明显的影响。测试了SNP2-2油基纳米液处理岩心的耐冲刷能力,岩心经180倍孔隙体积（PV）水的驱替,仍具有一定的效果,说明纳米边界层流道壁面有较强的吸附能力。现场采用SNP2-2和ND4配制的纳米液进行了三口井的增注试验,注水压力最大降幅12.5MPa。研究结果与实验前的设想相符,较好地说明了纳米减阻机理。     

CVD SiC纤维的组分与强度

采用射频ＣＶＤ法制备出连续ＳｉＣ（Ｗ）纤维，利用ＸＰＳ分析手段研究了纤维的元素组成及形态与强度的关系，结果表明，纤维中的杂质特别是自由Ｓｉ的存在对纤维抗拉强度有很大影响。