In-flight entertainment-getting from wishlist to reality

Much of what we see in the consumer electronics stores will eventually find its way into airplanes in the form of In-Flight Entertainment (IFE). This consumer electronic equipment is often referred to as “the leading edge of technology”. Unfortunately, that same equipment that is the “leading edge” of consumer electronics, often stalls to feel like the “bleeding edge” when you try to integrate it into IFE systems for today's modern aircraft. Unlike Avionics Systems, the technologies behind IFE equipment are not usually mature before they are integrated into the aircraft. What may work well in a home environment, may not work well at all in the aircraft environment. Often this problem results in last minute redesign in an effort to make the equipment function as intended on the aircraft. Both the FAA and the aircraft manufacturer impose many requirements on the suppliers and products of IFE. Systems need to be designed for the aircraft environment. Many variations on IFE Systems have forced the creation of new standards for integration into commercial aircraft. Power, cooling, and EMC issues are becoming more of a concern as we move to fill aircraft implementations. Beyond the technical evaluations and lab/aircraft testing, one key component is customer satisfaction. This paper will cover some of the methods and tools we use to get IFE from wishlist to reality     

Developing error-free software

The authors describe experience gained in designing reconfiguration-error-free software at IBM's Federal Systems Division in Houston. From 1982-5, this division reduced software product defects to 0.11 errors per thousand lines of source code. Four measurements defining software quality are described. Also discussed is NASA's development of a standardized software support environment, and the US Department of Defense Software Technology for Adaptive Reliable Systems (STARS) program. These environments provide for early control, standardization, and integration of requirements, leading to more easily maintained software and reduction of critical skill level for its maintenance     

NxTest augments legacy military ATE

Typical military automatic test equipment (ATE) usually consists of a number of single channel stimulus and measurement devices connected to the UUT with a switch matrix, providing; traditional serial, parametric test with its lengthy test times. Functional test methodology tests a unit by simulating its environment and verifying that the unit operates correctly in that environment. This requires simultaneous stimulus and measurement capability not usually found in traditional military ATE. Boeing Support Systems is currently in the process of augmenting an existing military test station to provide functional test capability through the use of NxTest technology. This paper will discuss our approach to adding functional test capability to an existing piece of equipment.     

The Development of Systems Engineering

Systems engineering is described as the design of the whole as distinguished from the design of the parts. Systems engineers create the architecture of the system, define the criteria for its evaluation, and perform tradeoff studies for optimization of the subsystem characteristics. In addition to their own brains, the principal tool of systems engineers is the computer. Systems engineering has evolved during a long series of major developments, in particular the intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) program. The major growth of systems engineering is expected to be in the improvement of its tools and in the enlargement of the range of problems to which it is applied.     

Open Systems: a process for achieving affordability

A major factor that will drive the definition and design of future avionics systems is affordability. Affordability is being addressed on numerous fronts such as hardware re-use, software re-use, COTS leveraging, and reduced cycle times. Each of these thrusts provide potential cost saving along with unique challenges. What is needed is a process that integrates these initiatives while ensuring the overall system objectives are achieved. An Open Systems-based process is key to integrating these initiatives and balancing affordability and system performance goals. Although Open Systems are being widely recognized as a key to affordability, most interpret Open Systems as a set of system attributes that need to be achieved. There are numerous claims of vendors saying they have an Open Systems architecture; or how their system will evolve to an Open Systems architecture. This emphasis is not on increasing affordability, but on attaching a politically-correct label to their product. In this paper, we focus on the Open Systems process as the key to affordability. An Open Systems process is based on Open Systems principles. This paper discusses the Open Systems principles and process in detail and shows how this process integrates numerous affordability initiatives     

Open systems-a process for achieving affordability [in avionicssystems]

A major factor that will drive the definition and design of future avionics systems is affordability. Affordability is being addressed on numerous fronts such as hardware re-use, software re-use, COTS leveraging, and reduced cycle times. Each of these thrusts provide potential cost savings along with unique challenges. What is needed is a process that integrates these initiatives while ensuring the overall system objectives are achieved. An Open Systems-based process is key to integrating these initiatives and balancing affordability and system performance goals. Although Open Systems are being widely recognized as a key to affordability, most interpret Open Systems as a set of system attributes that need to be achieved. There are numerous claims of vendors saying they have an Open Systems architecture or how their system will evolve to an Open Systems architecture. This emphasis is not on increasing affordability but on attaching a politically correct label to their product. In this paper, we focus on the Open Systems process as the key to affordability. An Open Systems process is based on Open Systems principles. This paper discusses the Open Systems principles and process in detail and shows how this process integrates numerous affordability initiatives     

Evaluation of three ATE test environments

It is often difficult to assess the positive and negative issues facing the use of a particular software test environment in a given application. Much of the literature is swayed by the use of each environment by a single application. This paper will provide detailed information on ARGO Systems evaluation of three popular ATE Test Environments: the Ada Based Environment for Testing (ABET), the TYX PAWS ATLAS test environment and the National Instruments LabVIEW graphical test environment. This evaluation was accomplished by comparing the same test program measurements in each environment using the same UUT, interface test adapter, and the same PC-based ATE. As such, the data represents a true apples-to-apples comparison of these environments     

基于模型的航空电子系统体系化需求分析与仿真

借鉴体系工程思想及体系结构设计方法,结合航空武器装备需求论证实践,提出基于模型的航空电子系统体系化需求分析与仿真方法,以及体系架构模型协同仿真环境设计方案,能够有效支撑航空电子体系化需求论证和顶层设计,具有重要的理论价值和实践意义。     

On Sonar Signal Analysis

Systems which utilize acoustic energy to explore an undersea environment are called sonars. This introductory and tutorial paper presents a discussion of active sonar signal analysis concentrating upon sinusoidal, linear FM, and pseudorandom echolocation pulses. Many previously published results concerning sonar signals and their haracteristics are integrated, collected, and presented in a unified form such as to portray typical signal design considerations.     

A System for the Measurement of the Amazon

The System for the Vigilance of the Amazon (SIVAM) is a $1.4 billion dollar project of Brazil aimed at the development and deployment of a high-technology system-of-systems to perform monitoring, protection, and control of the land, air, and water resources of the Brazilian Amazon region. The primary challenge of the SIVAM project is to perform remote sensing and communications over a vast and undeveloped land area. The SIVAM network meets this challenge through an extensive network of Air Traffic Control/Surveillance Radars, Environmental Sensors, Communications Systems, Airborne Sensor Systems, and Coordination Centers. Now fully operational, the SIVAM system is the world's largest fully integrated remote monitoring system of the environment and provides critical information on a timely basis to the Brazilian government, law enforcement agencies, and to commercial, educational, and research groups.     

Navigation error analysis for the rocketplane XP

bd Systems has supported the navigation architecture development of the Rocketplane XP as part of its responsibility as the vehicle guidance, navigation, and control (GN&C) subsystem lead contractor. The Rocketplane XP is a reusable sub-orbital space-plane being designed by Rocketplane Limited, Inc. for the commercial space tourism market. The horizontal take-off/horizontal landing vehicle, which will be one of the world's first true manned aerospace vehicles, has a short development schedule and began operation in 2007. bd Systems performed a detailed trade study to select the navigation subsystem and developed high-fidelity error models for use in the overall vehicle six-degree-offreedom (6DOF) simulation in order to determine the effects of navigation errors on vehicle performance.     

Bridging the gap between ATLAS and C: an open-systems approach toTPS re-host

As the DoD focuses on commercialization and open-architecture standards, the need to migrate existing TPSs from proprietary ATLAS-based platforms to an Open Systems platform becomes more critical. This paper will focus on a solution which leverages COTS software tools and emerging industry standards and technologies to implement object-oriented database tools which enable the conversion of an ATLAS TPS to an ANSI C environment     

Tailoring MIL-STD-461B for Naval Avionics Applications

Naval aviation electronics (Avionics) systems are specified and procured using MIL-STD-461 to set the fundamental EMI requirements. MIL-STD-461 permits and encourages ``tailoring' the EMI specifications for each equipment to the anticipated usage. In this paper, the Naval Avionics Center Staff Engineer for Electromagnetic Effects presents a typical tailored EMI specification as used within the Naval Air Systems Command to procure carrier based aircraft avionics. Included are the rationale for and the explanation of each modification and an estimate of the electromagnetic environment found aboard the US Navy Aircraft carriers.     

Advances in bistatic radar (Willis, N.J. and Griffiths, H.D., Eds.; 2007) [Book Review]

The editors have collected a comprehensive set of monographs that provide insight into the more recent history of bistatic radar design and implementation. This volume combines improved details of the environment along with novel system applications. Each chapter is authored by radar experts who had the vision and motivation to tackle a daunting development problem, and share their view of the successes and remaining implementation challenges. The book is divided into two parts: Bistatic/Multistatic Systems and Bistatic Clutter and Signal Processing. The book is an essential addition to the modern radar engineer's library.     

基于代理的分布式入侵检测系统研究与设计

传统的入侵检测系统一般局限于单一的主机或网络架构,对异构系统及大规模网络的检测明显不足,同时不同的入侵检测系统之间不能协同工作.分布式入侵检测将会是未来的主流.本文提出了一种基于AGENT的检测系统作为在网络环境中的IDS,AGENT的灵活性保证它可以成为保障系统的安全提供混合模式的架构,重点讨论了自适应模型生成、系统的总体结构、关键部件设计、Agent管理及系统实现等问题.     

A systematic approach to nonlinear rotorcraft model identification

The development of a powerful parameter estimation routine and its integration into the simulation environment HOST is described. With this tool approaches are being made towards new strategies of mathematical modeling, aimed at providing highly accurate and nevertheless run-time efficient simulation models. The identification routine is capable of optimizing parameterized models in both dynamic time domain simulation and static (e.g. trim state variation) conditions. Examples of both cases are presented to emphasize the improvement in the system response prediction and to demonstrate the abilities of the identification techniques in combination with the nonlinear simulation platform. This article reviews the activities and achievements accomplished by the DLR Institute of Flight Research and the ONERA Systems Control and Flight Dynamics Department during the last few years in the research on rotorcraft flight dynamics modeling and model identification. Future activities that require extensive high fidelity modeling are in the scope of the current and coming modeling activities that include the use of the presented methods and software technologies.     

What is systems engineering?

There are probably more definitions of “Systems Engineering” than there are AESS members. In its simplest form systems engineering is the design of the whole as opposed to the design of the parts. The vast number, complexity and diversity of elements can overwhelm and degrade system performance and reliability. Embedded processing and software can be both a boon and a bane. A systems engineer analyzes and optimizes an ensemble of elements that relate to the flow of energy, mass and communications into a design that performs the desired function. “Systems engineering” is used herein to cover a very broad spectrum of processes and controls to engineer a product at the many levels required to satisfy all aspects of the original requirement. Our definition is not intended to either include or exclude systems engineering and integration as used in the computer field. In any case, systems engineering is the application of solid engineering principles to design and develop a large enterprise within cost and schedule to satisfy the needs of the ultimate user. It involves conceptualization, design, development, test, implementation, approval/certification and operation (including human factors) of a system. In essence, systems engineering is a problem-solving discipline for the modern world     

2021年国外惯性技术发展与回顾

对2021年IEEE惯性传感器与系统会议、MEMS国际会议、圣彼得堡组合导航会议等惯 性技术相关会议文献,以及惯性技术领域相关机构披露的动态信息进行详细梳理。总结了光学陀 螺、微机电(MEMS)陀螺、半球谐振陀螺(HRG)、原子陀螺和加速度计等惯性仪表及惯性系统的发 展现状,并对惯性技术领域的发展动向进行了剖析与展望。     

航空发动机计算机辅助试验技术研究

本文在论述计算机辅助试验（ＣＡＴ）技术的基础上,结合航空发动机试车ＣＡＴ系统研究,探讨ＣＡＴ技术开发的系统工程方法,介绍数字滤波技术在试验中的应用,通过虚拟仪表技术实现多种信号采集、处理、显示功能。最后展望数据库系统支撑下在发动机试验技术领域中构造人机和谐信息环境的必要性及其发展趋势     

基于XTCE标准的遥测数据处理软件架构研究

XTCE(基于可扩展标记语言的遥测遥控信息交换)数据规范是CCSDS(空间数据系统咨询委员会)发布的空间任务遥测遥控信息描述模型和数据交换格式,旨在为遥测遥控信息定义提供一种标准方式,进而减少遥测数据处理软件支持异构任务的工作量,减少开发成本,缩短开发周期,降低开发风险.本文首先介绍XTCE的整体框架,重点介绍了XTC...