The future of space plasma simulation

Space plasma simulation is a subject which is in its infancy, but which is already having an important impact on space science. Its growth is being spurred onward by the continuing increase in capacity (speed and memory) of computers and by advances in the sophistication of numerical models. These advances are making it possible to simulate more realistic situations using more complex models. Already significant three-dimensional MHD calculations of the magnetosphere and its interaction with the solar wind have been carried out. In addition multi-dimensional particle simulations are illuminating many of the microscopic physics processes which go on (instabilities, saturation levels and wave nonlinearity, shock structure, etc.). Notwithstanding these advances, the surface has only been scratched; many challenges and opportunities are provided by simulation both for the space physicist and the model builders (also for computer designers). In MHD models more physics need to be included (Hall effect, gyroviscosity, accurate models of boundaries, how do we put microscopic physics effects into macroscopic codes, etc.). For model builders correct treatments of systems containing a large range of important space and time scales, magnetic field strengths, Alfven wave velocity, etc. present real challenges. What are the best ways to diagnose these complex models and obtain meaningful information? What quantities should be looked at? How should they be displayed? A discussion of the promises, the prospects, and the challenges of the above topics will be given with examples taken from recent work.     

矢量喷管内燃气辐射与壁面温度的耦合计算

选取内、外调节片和隔热屏建立几何模型,基于封闭腔净辐射模型和壁面热平衡模型建立了燃气辐射与喷管壁面温度的耦合算法.波段为1~5μm的气体辐射采用窄波带模型计算,其他波段不考虑气体辐射,建立辐射净热流密度-有效辐射亮度-壁面温度的关联式求解燃气与壁面的辐射换热,采用牛顿-拉斐尔森迭代法求解壁面热平衡方程计算其温度.对某轴对称矢量喷管(偏转20°),计算了喷管壁面的红外光谱辐射和辐射净热流密度,以及各部分结构的温度.作为验证,还计算了文献中某液体火箭发动机轴对称矢量喷管壁面的辐射净热流密度,与文献的结果进行对比一致性较好.研究表明:轴对称矢量喷管偏转段沿周向的辐射热流密度和温度差异很大,沿偏转方向部位壁面的温度和辐射热流密度都较低,偏转方向壁面的温度比相反方向大约低10%,辐射热流密度大约低50%.      

稳态等离子体推进器羽流的粒子模拟

利用结合了particle-in-cell方法的直接模拟Monte Carlo方法模拟了稳态等离子体推进器的羽流场。为了更真实地再现实验设备中的流动,模拟中包含了背压气体,并在计算中直接模拟,改变了以往的中性粒子平衡态的处理方式。为了匹配试验结果,修正了推进器出口处气流偏转角分布,并建议最大偏转半角取为20°。计算结果与现有的实验结果符合较好。     

On electromagnetic effects in the neighbourhood of a satellite or a vehicle moving in the ionosphere or interplanetary space

The effects arising in the neighbourhood of a body moving in the Ionosphere or Interplanetary Space, and the character of their variations when the body moves off from the Earth are discussed.The results of theoretical calculations are considered. Various disturbances are estimated: concentration and particle flux disturbances, the body potential, scattering of radio waves, the electric field, excitation of plasma waves, erosion of the body surface, etc. Some experimental data characterizing the considered effects are used.     

Hydrodynamic simulation of a stationary plasma thruster in steady state regime

A laboratory version of a stationary plasma thruster which can accelerate a plasma jet using an axial electric field and radial magnetic field in an annular channel is constructed. The dynamics of such a stationary plasma thruster is investigated numerically using a one-dimensional hydrodynamic model of the atoms, electrons and ions. The spatial profiles of ion density and velocity are presented in steady regime.     

航天器在轨全过程表面辐射热计算数值仿真研究

对在轨航天器表面辐射热计算进行了全过程数值仿真研究。航天器结构较复杂,针对不同结构进行区域分解,对几何模型进行相应的规则化,同时采用结构化网格和非结构化网格建立通用的计算网格自生成技术。仿真过程重点考虑了任意曲面的网格自动划分和任意形状交界面的数据传递,兼顾几何结构、物理过程、计算精度和计算速度。将有限元法和能束均匀分布法相结合计算角系数和辐射传递系数。将积分法和能束均匀分布法相结合计算外热流。由于在轨航天器表面多用多层隔热组件包裹,针对这部分结构采用节点网络法和控制容积法计算其表面温度,而未被包裹的结构采用有限元法计算其表面温度。对具有辐射换热关系的非连通区域温度场的有限元计算进行了分析和公式推导。最后,用Microsoft VC++6.0编程设计开发了近地轨道航天器表面辐射热计算仿真软件。     

The finite element approximation of vector fields in curvilinear coordinates

We demonstrate that it is possible to express each component of the displacement vector for the interior point of the finite element (FE) through all components of nodal unknowns in curvilinear coordinates. The effectiveness of the valid technique of vector approximation for displacement fields has been verified on an example.     

等离子射流在圆柱充液室中扩展、掺混的实验及数值模拟

为了研究等离子射流与液体工质相互作用特性,设计了圆柱型充液室,运用数字高速录像系统观察了等离子射流的扩展过程,重点研究了放电电压对等离子射流扩展特性的影响。实验结果表明,等离子射流在液体中扩展时,两相流体存在较大的速度差,Taylor-helmholtz不稳定效应导致强烈的两相湍流掺混,Taylor空腔的亮度在时空上呈非单调分布;放电电压越大,Taylor-helmholtz不稳定效应越强。在实验基础上,建立了等离子射流扩展的二维轴对称非稳态可压缩流的数学模型,并进行了数值模拟,获得了射流场中Taylor空腔界面的形态变化,以及流场中压力、速度、温度、湍动能和湍流耗散率的分布特性。由Taylor空腔界面扩展云图计算得到的Taylor空腔轴向扩展位移与实测值吻合较好。     

The modulation of cosmic rays in the high latitude heliosphere: A computer simulation

Modulation models based on the numerical solution of Parker's transport equation for galactic cosmic rays in the heliosphere make clear predictions about modulation in the high latitude heliosphere. However, for these predictions certain assumptions have to be made, for example, what the heliospheric magnetic field (HMF) looks like above the solar poles and what the spatial dependence of the diffusion coefficients are. For this presentation the general predictions of a standard drift model for the modulation of cosmic rays in the high latitude heliosphere, in particular predictions for the Ulysses trajectory, are discussed and critically reviewed. Preliminary results from Ulysses show a significant increase in the solar wind speed towards higher latitudes. The effects of this strong latitudinal dependence together with different modifications of the HMF at these high latitudes on the apparently too large diffusion and drifts predicted by current models are also shown.     

The management of stray radiation issues in space optical systems

The performance of infrared and submillimeter systems can be severely degraded by stray light. Stray light includes off-axis radiation, system diffraction and scattering effects, and thermal self-emission. The purpose of this paper is to identify several keys to preventing system degradation due to stray radiation. The first key is to apply stray light design rules and analysis techniques early in the program before the design is finalized. A systems level analysis using stray light analysis software is often necessary in order to identify more subtle problems and to assess the magnitude of their effect on system performance. Another key is to address contamination control and the choice of surface coatings early in the program. The management of stray radiation issues is extremely cost-effective, if begun early in the program, and can reduce later schedule hardships.     

PCM系统中数字相敏检波器的设计与仿真

在PCM（埋地管道电流测绘）系统中，实际的信号采集需要解决在非常恶劣的环境中对ELF（甚低频）信号的精确测量的问题。传统的方法一般都采用APSD（模拟相敏检波器）来实现，然而在实际的电路中用模拟相敏检波器效果并不是很理想，结果存在严重的误差。针对目前模拟相敏检波器存在的问题，设计一种DPSD（数字相敏检波器）实现消除PCM系统中ELF信号中工频干扰的目的。该检波器能有效的克服模拟相敏检波器的缺点，更精确的进行微弱信号的检测，最后使用MATLAB仿真软件对模拟和数字相敏检波器进行了仿真比较。     

多无人机编队飞行气动耦合仿真

针对多无人机紧密编队飞行中的气动耦合问题,提出了一种基于涡流模型分析和计算流体力学(CFD)仿真相结合的气动耦合研究方法.该方法首先在分析长机尾涡对僚机产生诱导速度的基础上,分别建立了僚机气动增量、两机相对位置及相对方位的数学模型,进一步通过仿真计算得到编队飞行时的最佳间距,最后利用CFD对长机与僚机间的气动耦合效应进行了仿真.结果表明:X-47B无人机按此间距编队飞行时,僚机的升阻比从5.4774提高到7.2231.     

射频感性耦合等离子体中的受迫振荡研究

实验研究了匹配状态、放电气压对氩气射频感性耦合等离子体中受迫振荡的影响.结果表明:受迫振荡总是出现在放电的正反馈区;在高气压下(>30Pa)受迫振荡的频率较低.对于使用射频感性耦合等离子体进行薄膜沉积的参数选择给予了理论指导.     

虚拟战场环境中直升机自主飞行仿真

虚拟战场环境在部队训练和武器系统评估中正在发挥越来越大的作用。虚拟战场环境中除了人在回路中的武器仿真器外，还存在大量计算机生成的自主运动的虚拟武器平台。以直升机为研究对象，考虑直升机作战环境与运用特点，对直升机在地形约束下的自主飞行进行了仿真。应用结果表明，利用此方法可以在虚拟战场环境中实现虚拟直升机的逼真运动。     

超燃发动机化学非平衡场的并行计算

本文在工作站群机及大规模并行处理机(MPP)上进行了超燃发动机内氢气/空气的混合与燃烧流场的并行计算.根据两类并行机的不同时延特性,采用不同的使通讯开销最小的分区方法.同时针对不同类型的问题采用了恰当的并行策略.在两类并行机上均得到了计算结果及令人满意的并行加速比.     

协同空战仿真中感知的研究

现有的基于空间的感知模型不能准确地描述协同空战仿真系统中协作CGF的感知范围.因此,提出一种基于空间感知和协作感知的感知模型.根据CGF的视觉特征和CGF承担协作任务的相关性确定CGF的感知范围,划分感知层次.实验证明,该感知模型结合合理的兴趣域管理方法能够有效降低网络带宽占用,适宜协同空战仿真系统中兴趣域管理的实施.