Frequency Tracking Characteristics of Split-Loop Phase-Locked Receivers

The excess time delay introduced by the incorporation of the intermediate frequency (IF) stage within the phase-locked loop (PLL) causes serious deterioration in the acquisition and tracking performance of the loop. The split-loop phase-locked system suggested by McGeehan and Sladen considerably reduces the effect of time delay on the acquisition and tracking performance of the loop. The frequency acquisition characteristics of the split-loop phase-locked receiver is investigated, and the effect of possible asymmetry in the arms of the loop on the acquisition range is examined. Closed-form approximate formulas are derived, and a comparison between split-, long-, and short-loop acquisition performance is presented.     

根轨迹法在燃油控制回路PI控制器参数设计中的应用

为进一步提高航空发动机燃油控制回路的控制性能,使其达到数控系统性能指标要求,针对发动机的特性,从其控制系统的实际运用角度出发,开发出适用于其燃油控制回路PI控制器的根轨迹参数设计方法.该方法采用根轨迹图并结合控制性能指标要求确定了闭环主导极点的期望区域,在根轨迹图上放置极点和零点,移动闭环主导极点到期望区域内以确定满足性能指标要求的PI控制器参数.通过仿真试验发现,采用根轨迹法所设计的燃油控制回路PI控制器参数不仅能达到数控系统性能指标要求,所设计PI控制器的控制品质还明显优于零极点对消法.     

半捷联位标器稳定跟踪与弹体姿态一体化控制

半捷联位标器安装在弹体上,由于寄生回路的存在,使得位标器稳定跟踪控制回路和弹体姿态控制回路产生严重耦合,影响了位标器的稳定与跟踪。针对半捷联导引头稳定平台的稳定与跟踪问题,提出了一种半捷联位标器稳定跟踪控制与弹体姿态控制的一体化方法。基于反步控制原理设计了控制律,通过合理选择反馈增益可保证系统的稳定性与动态性能。最后对一体化设计与传统分离设计进行了仿真对比。仿真结果表明：考虑位标器稳定跟踪回路与导弹姿态回路耦合的一体化控制器,不仅能够保证弹体姿态控制系统快速响应,还可以提高位标器的稳定跟踪性能,并降低位标器跟踪不上高速目标的可能性。     

制导飞行含人工跟踪的飞行力学分析

以工程应用为背景，研究了含人工跟踪的制导飞行动力学问题，首先，给出了经过技术培训的行为物理模型。接着详细分析了人工跟踪回路的稳定性和跟随性，同时提供了一种改善人工回路特性的方法。最后，对含人跟踪回路的飞行器闭环回路的人工跟踪误差特性进行分分析和仿真计算。仿真结果证明该研究方案是可行的，研究结果已被国内有关部门在工程上采用。     

大功率高动态电动舵机的一种电流抑制方法

为了在保证动态性的前提下有效抑制大功率电动舵机的电流,研究了大功率电动舵机的原理及其存在的大电流现象,分析了传统电流环在抑制电流时存在的缺陷,提出了一种基于分段控制思想的电流环设计方法,根据舵系统动态响应过程中的电流特性对电流环进行实时调参.仿真和试验结果表明,该方法既能有效地抑制电流,提高大功率电动舵机可靠性,又能保证其动态性.     

基于FPGA的数字Costas环的设计与实现

通过对数字Costas环路原理的分析，提出了新的环路鉴相方式，且环路参数可根据锁定情况及时修改，确保锁相环路稳定工作。详细阐述了环路各部件的参数及电路设计。ChipScopePro实时观测FPGA内部信号和Matlab仿真结果表明．该Costas环路具有十分优良的性能。     

An Optimum Phase Reference Detector for Fully Modulated Phase-Shift Keyed Signals

Many modern telemetry systems which use phase-shift keying (PSK) have receivers which derive a coherent reference from the fully modulated PSK signal itself and thus conserve the energy which otherwise would be allocated to a discrete reference signal. In this paper, an optimum receiver structure for estimating a phase reference from the PSK signal itself is derived and its realization discussed. It is shown that at low signal-to-noise ratios, the optimum detector can be realized with a Costas loop. Since a Costas loop and squaring loop exhibit identical performance, it follows that either of these simple devices gives optimum performance for low-input signal-to-noise ratios.     

Flexible loop filter design for spacecraft phase-locked receivers

A flexible loop filter design for spacecraft phase-locked receivers is proposed. The loop filter is implemented as digital hardware with coefficients that are set by registers. Either a perfect or an imperfect integrating loop filter can be effected. This flexibility is important since not one type of loop filter is preferred for all circumstances. An imperfect integrator is preferred when, as is often the case for spacecraft receivers, it is important to minimize the best-lock frequency drift of an idling loop. A perfect integrator is preferred when the tracking performance of the loop is the most important consideration     

基于FPGA和DSP的高性能伺服控制器设计

针对高性能伺服控制器对复杂的控制算法以及较小延时的需求,研究了一种基于FPGA和DSP的高性能伺服控制器设计方法。FPGA完成电流环、坐标变换、空间脉宽矢量调制、电流位置读取,DSP则负责速度环、位置环和上位机通信,使系统既能实现复杂的控制算法,又能将延时控制到最小,从而保证控制器的最佳性能。此外,详细介绍了两者之间的通信方式以及三环控制器设计。试验数据结果表明,伺服控制器速度环带宽能达到100 Hz,额定转速下稳速精度在1 r/min以内,定位精度能达到0.02°,证实了该控制器结构的实效性。     

直驱阀控制系统设计及验证

为提高直驱阀系统的动态特性和稳定性,设计了1种位置环加电流环的直驱阀双闭环控制系统,其中位置环采用比例积分控制加相位超前校正,电流环采用比例积分控制。在MATLAB平台上,开展了电流环仿真、位置环的参数辨识以及仿真;在由DSP和FPGA构成的验证平台上,开展了试验验证,电流环与位置环的控制效果与仿真模型均一致,获得了400 Hz以上的电流控制带宽和25 Hz以上的位置控制带宽。研究结果表明:此控制器设计及校正方法可有效提高直驱阀系统的动态特性和稳定性。     

Noise Performance of a Gated Phase-Locked Loop

The objectives of this paper are two. The first is to show that a gated phase-locked loop (GPLL) is a tracking device whose operation approximates that of a maximum likelihood estimator of the phase of a pulsed sinusoid imbedded in noise. The second is to determine the behavior of theb loop in the presence of noise. It is found that the loop performance is equivalent to that of a continuous phase-locked loop driven by the same noise, plus a continuous sinusoid which has the same power as the pulsed sinusoid at the input of the GPLL.     

Optimal Design Strategy of Switching Converters Employing Current in jected Control

This paper analyzes a buck/boost regulator employing current-injected control (CIC). It reveals the complex interactions between the dc loop and the current-injected loop and underlines the fundamental principle that governs the loop gain determination. Three commonly used compensation techniques are compared. The integral and lead/lag compensation are shown to be most desirable for performance optimization and stability.     

北斗导航接收机频率稳定度传递算法

为了提高北斗导航接收机的灵敏度,提升其弱信号跟踪能力,通常需要利用长时间的相干积分来提高环路信噪比。但是,当相干积分时间加长到一定程度时,环路性能反而有所下降,信噪比提升也不能达到理论值。针对由剩余频率误差和晶振误差引起的相干积分能量损失问题,主要研究了频率偏差对环路跟踪性能的影响,并提出了利用频率稳定度传递策略辅助弱信号跟踪的方法,解决了北斗导航接收机弱信号跟踪性能提升的问题,最大程度地改善了相干积分的效果,实现了对弱信号的跟踪。利用软件接收机平台对提出的频率稳定度传递算法进行验证,仿真结果表明该算法可使环路信噪比提升4dB ~5dB,充分说明了其可行性及有效性。     

航空发动机推力衰退缓解的神经网络控制

针对航空发动机气路部件性能退化导致的推力下降问题,提出一种基于变增量线性规划(LP)优化 神经网络控制方法用于航空发动机推力衰退缓解控制。该方法通过内环控制转速和发动机压比,外环修正发动机指令信号以缓解发动机推力衰退。其中内环非线性自回归滑动平均(NARMA-L2)转速控制器由神经网络训练得到;外环指令修正回路利用变增量LP优化方法调整发动机指令信号。以某型小涵道比涡扇发动机为对象进行仿真验证,结果表明,在4组仿真条件下,设计的控制方法在保证性能退化的发动机不超限的条件下使推力衰退至少缓解了46.5%,验证了该方法的有效性。     

Cycle slip performance of digitally implemented phase detectors onAWGN channel

Cycle slip performance of digitally implemented phase detectors on additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel is investigated. The performance measure evaluated is the mean cycle slip time of a first-order phase-locked loop. An equivalent phase detector model with state-dependent loop noise is employed. It is shown that this working basis is vital to arrive at correct results. Numerical results for triangular and saw-tooth type phase detectors are reported and compared with those for the multiplier phase detector     

A Comparison of Binary Delay-Lock Tracking-Loop Implementations

The delay-lock loop is a device for tracking the delay difference between two correlated waveforms. It is used as a synchronizing loop for binary communications and tracking. The delay tracking performance is derived for various radio-frequency implementations of the binary delay-lock loop. Amplitude and biphase modulation by pseudorandom sequences are considered. Three types of receivers are analyzed for each modulation: envelope correlation, phase-coherent correlation, and phase-lock demodulation followed by video correlation.     

Double Dither Loop for Pseudonoise Code Tracking

A new type of phase detector for pseudonoise code tracking is introduced and analyzed in comparison with the delay lock loop (DLL) and tau-dither loop (TDL) configurations. It is shown that the double dither loop (DDL) combines the best features of the DLL and the TDL in that the DDL is insensitive to gain and offset imbalances and does not suffer the 3-dB degradation in noise performance typically associated with the TDL. The double dither concept is applicable to other dual channel detectors such as in a Costas-type carrier tracking loop.     

Analysis of Squaring Circuit Mechanizations in Costas and Squaring Loops

Two different implementations of the carrier recovery loop for suppressed carrier binary phase-shift keyed (BPSK) signals are considered. In particular, the tracking performance of the squaring loop in which the squaring circuit is mechanized by a limiter/multiplier lier combination to produce the absolute value of the incoming signal, followed by appropriate bandpass filtering, is compared with that of the usual squaring loop whose squaring circuit is the timestwo wo multiplier which exhibits a square law characteristic.     

基于提前停止判决的编码软信息辅助载波同步

 针对目前编码辅助载波同步算法中复杂度较高、延时大的问题,提出了引入辅助停止判决机制的编码辅助载波同步算法。在现有的编码辅助载波同步结构基础上,该算法能对环路信噪比(SNR)进行实时判定,在环路SNR满足限定条件后提前停止编码辅助载波同步迭代,而不影响译码性能。采用新的相位估计方式估计含相位噪声的载波相位,提升了该条件下的环路信噪比。仿真采用码率为1/2的低密度奇偶校验(LDPC)码作为编码方式,结果表明:在误码率为10^-5时,该算法减少了约50%的编码辅助载波同步迭代次数;在含相位噪声的信号条件下,与理想解调译码相比,性能损失不超过0.15 dB。     

基于A320飞机横航向控制律架构的LQ设计

空客A320飞机横航向控制律采用特征结构配置方法计算闭环增益,实现了期望特征值的配置及横航向关键参数之间的解耦。基于A320横航向控制律架构,提出使用线性二次型(Linear Quadratic,简称LQ)方法,对闭环增益进行重新设计。首先根据期望的特征值引入关键参数的频域整形环节,而后通过调整二次型性能指标加权矩阵实现期望特征值的逼近及关键参数之间的解耦,并求得闭环反馈增益,最后在特征结构、稳定裕度和横航向解耦效果方面与空客设计结果作了对比分析。仿真结果表明,LQ设计可获得与特征结构配置设计相近的结果,即得到接近期望值的特征值,并实现关键变量的解耦,同时保证了闭环稳定裕度。