Graphical Interpretation of Chirp Echoes from Complex Targets

Echoes from complex targets due to chirp waveforms show different time responses for different chirp rates, because of the ambiguity of range and radial velocity information. A graphical method is described which enables the derivation of the time response for an arbitrary chirp rate when the scattering cross-section distribution in the range and radial velocity plane is known for complex targets. The graphical method can also be used to generate an approximately realistic scattering cross-section distribution when the time responses for two different chirp rates are given. An example is shown which applies to the computer simulation of the radar echo from a waking reentry space vehicle.     

Comments on Transmission System Using Pseudonoise Modulation of Linear Chirps

The combination of phase shift keying (PSK) with different chirp waveforms is investigated in respect to its signal form and spectrum shape. A reasonable compromise for low probability of exploitation and jam sensitivity is found for a system where the chirp bandwidth is in the vicinity of the bitrate of the pseudonoise code.     

A chirp scaling approach for processing squint mode SAR data

Image formation from squint mode synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is limited by image degradations caused by neglecting the range-variant filtering required by secondary range compression (SRC). Introduced here is a nonlinear FM chirp scaling, an extension of the chirp scaling algorithm, as an efficient and accurate approach to range variant SRC. Two methods of implementing the approach are described. The nonlinear FM filtering method is more accurate but adds a filtering step to the chirp scaling algorithm, although the extra computation is less than that of a time domain residual compression filter. The nonlinear FM pulse method consists of changing the phase modulation of the transmitted pulse, thus avoiding an increase in computation. Simulations show both methods significantly improve resolution width and sidelobe level, compared with existing SAR processors for squint angles above 10 deg for L-band and 20 deg for C-band     

补片尺寸对复合材料胶接修理性能的影响

在复合材料胶接修补中，补片的尺寸对胶接强度的影响非常关键。本文针对单面胶接修理结构建立了“三板模型”，并且，通过试验来验证该有限元模型的正确性，然后，利用该模型来分析补片尺寸对胶接质量的影响。对计算结果的分析发现：补片的直径为孔直径的2—3倍，厚度为孔深的45％～60％时，修补结构的强度恢复能达到最大值。     

Adaptive Equalization for Chirp Radars through Channels with Nonlinear Phase

An equalization technique is described suitable for operation in a chirp radar system in which the signal is transmitted over a channel dominated by phase nonlinearities. It is shown that the system is easily implementable, and an analysis of system performance will be presented.     

Some Results on Digital Chirp

Generating chirp waveforms by means of phase coding yields a simple, cost-effective mechanization. The coding process, however, introduces phase errors whose effect must be included in the design. An approximate analysis is presented, valid for moderate to high compression ratios, which allows error effects on compressed pulse amplitude and sidelobes to be calculated in a simple manner. The anaylsis provides criteria for selecting the coding bit width (sample rate), weighting network bandwidth, and phase-coder quantization interval and transition times. Weighting functions for maximizing the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) or for producing desired close-in sidelobe performance are derived, as is an exact expression for the transmitted spectrum. Numerical results are presented for Gaussian and the maximum-SNR weighting. The results indicate that performance will be satisfactory for many applications.     

基于相位差分的雷达信号参数估计方法

由于接收信号长度有限而存在频率离散化采样的限制,FFT(Fast Fourier Transform,快速傅里叶变换)对雷达信号频率的估计精度会降低。基于相位差分的频率估计方法可以对这一偏差进行估计,从而减小FFT的估计误差。尝试将该方法应用于LFM(Linear Frequency Modulated,线性调频)信号带宽的估计问题,并对此进行了仿真验证,结果证明该方法对雷达信号频率和带宽估计有一定的应用价值。     

大水滴撞击壁面的动态特性数值模拟

采用 VOF 方法建立了大水滴撞击壁面的计算模型,模拟了大水滴以不同直径、不同速度撞击光滑壁面的动态撞击过程和撞击特性。计算结果表明：在大韦伯数情况下,水滴撞击光滑壁面会在铺展过程中发生边缘水滴飞溅;在水滴撞击壁面的收缩阶段,随着水滴直径的减小和水滴速度的提高,会发生液膜缓慢收缩、边缘液环和液膜分离、中心处部分液膜和边缘液膜分离、液膜完全破裂等不同结果;当水滴直径和撞击速度增大时,同一时刻水滴的铺展半径、最大铺展半径、最大铺展系数增大;水滴在壁面上达到最大铺展系数所用的无量纲时间随水滴直径增大而增大,同一直径水滴不同初始速度下达到最大铺展系数所用的无量纲时间变化较小。     

基于DDS驱动PLL结构的X波段雷达信号频率综合器

给出了一种基于DDS驱动PLL的频率综合器结构。该结构采用AD9854DDS芯片产生低频的参考信号,然后驱动锁相环和VCO产生X波段射频信号。实验和测量结果表明,该频率综合器具有较宽的工作带宽和较低的相位噪声,可以用来产生连续波、线性调频信号和频率捷变信号用于X波段雷达信号的仿真。     

测压孔径对下沉安装压力传感器测量的影响

对于高超声速飞行试验,飞行器在飞行过程中产生的气动加热会使其表面安装的传感器烧坏并导致试验测量失败。传感器下沉安装可以避免其与飞行器周围的高温气体直接接触,减轻传感器的热载荷。采用下沉安装传感器的方式对高超声速边界层的脉动压力进行了试验测量,研究了测压孔径对脉动压力特性的影响。结果表明,随着孔径增大,脉动压力强度减小,流场相关性增强。传感器下沉安装会引起空腔流动,随着孔径的增大,空腔流动对脉动压力测量的影响降低。在频带10~20 kHz范围内,测压孔径仅仅影响脉动压力强度,在频带1~10 kHz范围内,测压孔径对脉动压力波形周期的影响更为显著。非线性耦合将能量由高频小尺度向低频大尺度传递,导致发生自相互作用和非线性相位耦合的流动结构趋向低频,随着孔径增大,非线性相位耦合消失。此外,孔径越大,不同尺度结构的能量分布与齐平安装的相似性越高。     

基于气固两相双流体模型研究火箭发动机斜切喷管流场特性

为了研究火箭发动机(SRM)斜切喷管的两相流动特性,采用气体-颗粒相双流体模型,并结合多区域混合网格技术,对发动机斜切喷管内气相与颗粒相的相互作用规律进行研究,探索颗粒直径与颗粒质量分数变化对发动机喷管气固两相流动特性的影响。结果表明:固体颗粒相的存在,对发动机斜切喷管的流场结构产生重要影响,导致喷管轴线附近存在一个燃气流动速度较低,温度较高的区域。同时,喷管壁面附近存在无粒子区,随着颗粒直径的增加,无粒子区域的范围逐渐扩大。并且,颗粒直径越大,其运动速度越小,在喷管内的滞留时间越长。颗粒直径与质量分数的变化同样会影响发动机喷管的流场结构,随着颗粒直径的增加,发动机喷管轴线处气相马赫数先减小后增大,而燃气温度则先增大后减小;发动机推力的变化趋势与马赫数变化趋势相同,但两者并不同时达到极值点。颗粒相的质量分数越大,沿喷管轴线方向的气相马赫数和发动机推力越小,喷管两相流损失越大。     

Research on vibration suppression of a mistuned blisk by a piezoelectric network

The work aims to provide a further investigation of the dynamic characteristics of an integral bladed disk(also called ‘blisk') with a Parallel Piezoelectric Network(PPN). The PPN is constructed by parallelly interconnecting the piezoelectric patches distributed in the blisk. Two kinds of PPN are considered, namely mono-periodic PPN and bi-periodic PPN. The former has a piezoelectric patch in each sector, and the later has one patch every few sectors. The vibration suppression performance of both kinds of PPN has been studied through modal analysis, forced response analysis, and statistical analysis. The research results turn out that the PPN will only affect mechanical frequencies near the electrical frequency clusters slightly, and the bi-periodic PPN will make the nodal diameter spectrum of the modes more complex, but the amplitude corresponding to the new nodal diameter component is much smaller than that of the nodal diameter component corresponding to the mono-periodic system. The mechanical coupling between the blades and the disk plays an important role in the damping effect of the PPN, and it should be paid attention to in applications. The mono-periodic PPN can effectively suppress the amplitude magnification of the forced response induced by the mistuning of the blisk; meanwhile, it can mitigate the vibration localization of the mistuned electromechanical system. If piezoelectric patches are set only in part of the sectors, the bi-periodic PPN still has a vibration suppression ability, but the effect is related to the number and spatial distribution of the piezoelectric patches.     

Stabilized Linear FM Generator

A technique for generating high-linearity chirp (linear FM) signals is presented. It uses a delay line and mixer to sense the slope of the output of a swept oscillator, and the difference from desired slope is fed back to correct the oscillator frequency. The technique also improves the coherence of the oscillator. An analysis is performed of the amount of linearization that can be achieved for three possible loop configurations. Experimental results are presented of tests run on a backward wave oscillator (BWO) operating over a bandwidth of 240 MHz with time duration of 120 ?s. The results indicate a linearity corresponding to a phase error (from parabolic) of 30 degrees (peak) and coherence within 5 degrees.     

复杂形体面片缠绕成型方法的分析与实现

通过对复杂形体缠绕成型方法的分析，提出了面片缠绕的思想；同时针对缠绕过程中可能存在的架空问题提出了一套可行的判定准则和解决方案。以面片缠绕理论为基础，针对飞机发动机进气道缠绕成型，编制缠绕控制程序并进行相应的实验，验证了面片缠绕方法的实用性，为航空航天高性能构件的缠绕成型探索了一条新的途径。     

基于改进ICPF的多分量LFM信号参数估计

针对线性调频信号参数估计中搜索匹配过程带来的计算量问题,提出一种基于改进ICPF的多分量线性调频信号参数估计方法。给出了一种基于非均匀快速傅立叶变换的ICPF改进算法,利用改进的ICPF算法估计线性调频信号的调频率,利用解线频调方法估计中心频率和幅度。方法避免了参数估计过程中的搜索匹配过程,计算复杂度低,在低信噪比条件下具有较好的估计性能。仿真结果验证了方法的有效性。     

某航空齿轮润滑喷嘴结构对喷嘴射流特性的影响研究

为了研究喷嘴结构对喷嘴射流扩散角和射流流量的影响,采用基于FLUENT的大涡数值模拟方法对喷嘴三维射流流场进行了二相流仿真和单相流仿真,分别通过高速可视化和喷射滑油称重的方法测量了喷嘴射流扩散角和射流流量,并用测量结果对二相流仿真和单相流仿真进行了合理性验证.当喷嘴长径比大于2且喷孔轴线与喷孔上游管道轴线的夹角在0°~90°之间时沿喷孔轴线距喷孔出口100mm范围内射流扩散角近似为零,且增加喷孔直径、喷孔轴线与喷孔上游管道轴线的夹角或者减小喷孔轴向长度均会引起射流流量的增加.结果表明:当喷嘴长径比大于2且喷孔轴线与喷孔上游管道轴线的夹角在0°~90°的范围内变化时对射流扩散角的影响很小;喷孔直径、喷孔轴向长度和喷孔轴线与上游管道轴线的夹角通过影响局部损失和沿程损失,从而影响喷嘴射流流量.      

Envelope Threshold Detection in a Class of Non-Gaussian Interference

This paper considers the detection of a sinusoidal or chirp signal imbedded in wideband FM interference (as might be generated by some types of active jamming), such that after pulse compression or other integration, the interference can be approximated by a sum of sinusoids of independent phase. The detection probability in such non-Gaussian noise is compared to that for Gaussian noise, with the Gaussian result approached, as required, in the limit that the number of sinusoids in the sum increases without bound. For detection using a comparison of the envelope with a threshold which yields a given false-alarm probability (CFAR detection), the detection probability is improved over the case of Gaussian noise, so that the usual approach basing the design on Gaussian noise would be conservative. Using a threshold determined from the envelope mean, the FM interference yields a lower false-alarm probability than for Gaussian noise, with detection probability only slightly degraded.     

聚束SAR扩展Chirp Scaling成像算法.

在合成孔径雷达（SAR Synthetic Aperture Radar)的成像算法中，Chrip Scaling成像算法具有计算效率高的优点，因此得到了较为广泛的应用。详细研究了子孔径扩展Chirp Scaling算法在高分辩率聚束模式SAR中的应用，包括子孔径划分和方位向处理问题，针对A.Moreira等1996年所提算法在处理聚束SAR数据时所产生的问题，给出了经过改进的适合于大斜视角处理的整个计算过程的完整表达式。在给出点目标仿真的同时，利用E-SAR实际数据对述方法进行了验证，结果对具体的兼容条带和聚束两种工作模式的SAR处理机设计具有一定的参考价值。     

流向强迫作用下的液体初始雾化机制及动力学特征

使用Volume of fluid (VOF)方法和基于树形数据结构的自适应算法来研究射流雾化的破碎过程以及扰动对射流破碎机理产生的影响。在无扰动情况下,液体射流的头部、液丝和液滴随着射流时间的发展不断发生演变。射流头部先呈现蘑菇状外形,随后液丝生成,并慢慢转变成网兜状,直至断裂形成小液滴。在周期性流向强迫的作用下,射流液柱的表面会形成周期波,其液丝破裂形成液滴的时机与稳定射流情形相比会有所提前,射流形成的头部更趋于扁平,最终生成的液滴数量更多。低中频阶段,随着扰动频率的增大,射流未扰动液柱长度(L)逐渐缩短,液滴直径的概率密度分布(PDF)趋于尖锐,液滴平均直径(SMD)增大。在高频阶段,随着扰动频率的增大,L会随之增大,液滴直径的PDF分布变得平缓,SMD会减小。     

小直径炸弹复合制导律设计与仿真

采用钻石背翼的小直径炸弹,具有升阻比高、航向机动能力差等气动特性。在侧滑角和滚转角均受到约束的条件下,滑翔段采用STT+BTT并联复合制导方式,攻击段采用STT制导方式,能够有效地满足大扇面角发射时对侧向过载的需求。仿真结果表明,这种制导策略能够有效地满足制导律的设计要求,提高小直径炸弹大扇面角发射时的侧向机动能力。