自适应融合滤波算法及其在INS/GPS组合导航中的应用

针对扩展卡尔曼滤波器(EKF)在系统模型不确定时存在鲁棒性差、精度低的问题,设计了一种基于交互式多模型(IMM)的自适应融合滤波(AFF)算法。IMM\|AFF算法采用两个模型来描述系统结构,且与每个模型相对应的Sage\|Husa滤波器和强跟踪滤波器(STF)独立并行工作,系统的状态估计则是两种滤波器估计的模型概率加权融合。IMM\|AFF算法兼具Sage\|Husa滤波器状态估计精度高和STF对系统模型不确定具有强鲁棒性的优点,克服了两种滤波器各自单独使用时的缺点。将IMM\|AFF算法应用于INS/GPS组合导航系统的仿真结果表明,IMM\|AFF算法的滤波精度和鲁棒性均明显优于目前工程应用中的EKF,特别是大大提高了INS/GPS系统的定位 精度 。
     

航天器非合作目标相对导航的联邦滤波算法研究

提出了一种适用于空间机器人在轨对非合作目标进行测量的“激光测距仪+可见光 测角相机”组合的联邦卡尔曼滤波相对导航算法。分析了激光测距仪和可见光相机进行非合 作目标测量时存在的问题,为此设计了一套包括分别基于测角信息和测距信息的子滤波器, 以及进行子滤波器数据融合的主滤波器在内的联邦卡尔曼滤波器,并提出了具体的判据来对 子滤波器进行“条件重置”。仿真实验数据表明该联邦卡尔曼滤波器能够在部分目标测量设 备的输出出现暂时故障情况下输出较为平稳的相对导航数据,并且滤波算法具有较好的容错 性。
     

基于无奇点根数的空间相对导航插值滤波算法

为了提高椭圆轨道航天器的相对导航精度,将基于Stirling公式的多项式插值滤波方法（DDF2）引入导航算法,降低了传统的卡尔曼滤波方法中泰勒级数展开线性化     

基于容积滤波的自适应相对导航算法

针对激光交会雷达测量方程的非线性问题,将容积滤波算法应用于航天器相对导航中;并考虑测量噪声统计特性不准确以及测量信息偏差等工程因素,针对激光交会雷达测量参数类型不同的特点,提出了一种基于容积滤波的自适应相对导航算法。该算法通过自适应调整量测协方差阵,能有效降低统计特性不准确等测量异常给导航系统造成的不利影响。仿真结果表明该自适应导航算法在激光交会雷达测量值存在噪声统计特性不准确等情况下时仍可保持较高的导航精度。     

简化DDF算法及其在单星对星无源定轨跟踪中的应用

单星对星无源定轨跟踪是典型的非线性滤波问题,其中非线性滤波算法至关重要.DDF.算法具有良好的精度与稳定性且适用范同更广,不过计算量较大.单星对星无源定轨中系统噪声通常是加性高斯的,根据这一特点对标准DDF算法进行简化.简化后加性噪声可以进行单独处理,基于此,提出一种计算复杂度更低的SD-DF算法,并运用于仅测角条件下的单星对星无源定轨跟踪.SDDF算法具有比EKF更高的精度和更好的稳定性,其性能与标准DDF相同但是计算耗时更少,特别适合于单星对星无源定轨跟踪实时处理.     

火星轨道交会自主导航与制导方法

对火星采样返回任务中的火星轨道交会自主导航和制导技术进行了研究。采用光学自主导航敏感器测量的火星中心方向和视半径,相对敏感器测量的相对位置等观测量,设计了导航滤波器同时估计轨返组合体和上升器的轨道。在导航滤波器设计中,针对光学自主导航敏感器更新频率远低于滤波解算频率的问题,设计了一种连续观测量构造算法,确保每个滤波周期均可进行测量更新,以提高导航精度。基于导航滤波器估计结果,采用T-H制导设计了4脉冲共椭圆交会策略实施轨道控制,从而构成近程交会自主导航和制导方案用于完成火星轨道交会任务。通过数学仿真校验了所提出方法的有效性。     

基于Unscented滤波的伴飞卫星自主相对导航滤波器

为提高导航滤波器的稳定性和计算精度,根据卫星自主导航原理,构造了基于Unscented Kalman滤波（UKF）的伴飞卫星自主相对导航滤波器,建立了算法模型。仿真结果表明：UKF的滤波精度优于扩展Kalman滤波（EKF）,且无需计算量测方程的Jacobi矩阵,计算量小、易于实现。     

多星座组合导航自适应联合卡尔曼滤波算法研究

针对多星座卫星组合导航,提出了一种自适应联合卡尔曼滤波算法,采用描述机动载体运动的“当前”统计模型,直接从各卫星导航系统接收机输出的定位信息入手,将各种误差因素的影响等效为一个总误差,建立一种动态定位的自适应卡尔曼滤波模型。为了进一步提高滤波器的动态性能,通过引入调整系数、加权因子和自适应调节量对自适应滤波算法进行了改进,并分别对GPS、GLONASS和GALILEO系统设计了自适应子滤波器,然后采用联合滤波算法对各个子滤波器进行数据融合处理,最后对GPS/GLONASS/GALILEO组合导航系统进行了仿真验证,结果表明,该算法增强了滤波器的跟踪能力,改善了滤波效果,提高了定位精度。
     

基于AE-UKF的航天器自主导航方法

针对自主导航过程中不确定的测量噪声和干扰的影响,提出了一种具有自适应能力的状态估计方法AE\|UKF方法。该方法通过对非线性的状态方程进行Unscented变换,对非线性的测量方程求取雅可比矩阵,同时在滤波迭代过程中引入自适应因子,使滤波器具有自适应能力。将AE\|UKF方法应用于自主导航系统导航信息的估计过程中,仿真结果表明：AE\|UKF方法在达到UKF方法精度的同时,能够克服自主导航过程中不确定的噪声和随机干扰的影响。     

基于联邦UKF算法的月球探测器自主组合导航

研究了月球探测器在地一月转移轨道阶段的自主导航方法，提出了利用地月位置信息和星光角距测量信息实现探测器自主组合导航的方案。针对导航系统的状态方程非线性的特点，将Unscented卡尔曼滤波算法和信息融合技术相结合，设计了新的联邦滤波器并应用于自主导航系统中。对这种导航方案进行了数值仿真，和传统的联邦滤波算法进行了比较。仿真结果表明，所提出的组合导航方法和联邦滤波算法的导航位置估计精度约为1km，速度估计精度约为0．01m／s，并且具有良好的鲁棒性和容错性能。     

Motion of a Planet with a Complex Structure

The motion of a planet consisting of a mantle and a core (solid bodies) connected by a viscoelastic layer and interacting with each other and an external point mass by the law of gravitation is considered. The mutual motions of the core and mantle are investigated assuming that the centers of mass of the planet and external point mass moves along undisturbed Keplerian orbits around the common center of mass of the system. The planetary core and mantle have an axial symmetry and different principal moments of inertia, which leads to a displacement of the center of mantle relative to the center of core and to their mutual rotations. The results obtained on the basis of averaged equations are illustrated by the example of the Earth–Moon system.     

Between a celestial body and a spacecraft: Making the space elevator a success

The space elevator will operate in near-Earth space, under the attraction of the Earth, the Moon and the Sun. It will have to avoid collisions with active satellites, with space debris and with meteoroids, not counting other minor adverse phenomena. The exceedingly long cable cannot be a passive and limp body. It must be an active part of the elevator, withstanding lunisolar and other perturbations threatening its stability. The cable must have sensors and thrusters at appropriate locations along the cable. Sensors would serve for detection of objects on a collision course and thrusters for station-keeping and for initiating evasive manoeuvres. Adaptive control must be used for that purpose. Extensive series of numerical simulations will have to be performed to ascertain that the elevator is stable and that possible oscillations do not interfere with the main function of the elevator.     

Equilibrium positions of a weight on a cable fixed to a dumbbell-shaped space station moving along a circular geocentric orbit

The motion of a space object in the gravitational field of the Earth is considered. The object consists of an extended space station and a weight, which is free to move along the cable fixed to the ends of the station. It is assumed that the station is composed of two masses coupled by a weightless rod, while the cable is weightless and non-stretched. The equations of motion of such a system are derived for the case when the motion proceeds in a single plane, while the center of mass of the system moves along a circular geocentric orbit. The conditions of the cable tension (conditions of being on tie) are derived. The phase portrait of the weight motion along the cable is constructed when the station is oriented to the attracting center or is perpendicular to this position. The possibility to leave the tie in this case is analyzed. Equilibrium configurations of the system are found, i.e., such motions of the object under consideration at which the weight does not change its position relative to the station. Lyapunov stability of such configurations is analyzed for two situations: when the station is composed of equal masses and when masses at the ends of the station are different. In particular, for the case of different masses it is established that there exist such positions of equilibrium at which the dumbbell is located at an angle to the direction to the attracting center. In some cases these positions can be stabilized (if the weight is fixed on the cable).     

拆掉阻挡思维的墙——从航天员教员到模拟航天员的跨界选择

当凭借影片《国王的演讲》获得第83届奥斯卡金像奖最佳男主角的科林·弗斯（ColinFirth），在国际顶级生物学学术期刊《Cell》的子期刊《CurrentBiology》上发表了一篇极为专业的科研论文时，全世界一片哗然，为之震惊!当电影《泰坦尼克号》导演、年届57岁的卡梅隆驾驶单人深潜器下潜至马里亚纳海沟海渊底部的时候，我们看到了一个雄心勃勃的跨界玩家。为什么时下如此多的人开始拆掉阻挡思维的墙？因为界外的世界很精彩!     

Navigation Solution to Maneuver a Spacecraft Relative to a Sphere Centered on a Cooperative Satellite

A differential correction algorithm is presented to deliver an impulsive maneuver to a satellite to place it within a sphere, with a user defined radius, centered around a non-maneuvering satellite within a constrained time. The differential correction algorithm develops and utilizes the State Transition Matrix along with the Equations of Motion and multiple satellite?s state information to determine the optimum trajectory to achieve the desired results. The results from the differential correction algorithm are very accurate for prograde orbits, as presented. The results allow for orbit design trade-offs, including satellites? initial inclinations, semi-major axes, as well as the ballistic coefficients. The results also provide an empirical method to determine the optimum ΔV$\mathrm{\Delta }V$ solution for the provided problem. Understanding that the minimum fuel solution lies with a semi-major axis ratio of 1, a very accurate empirical approximation is presented for semi-major axis ratio values less than and greater than 1. This work ultimately provides the generalized framework for applying the algorithm to a unique user defined maneuvering spacecraft scenario.     

Peristaltic transport of a viscoelastic fluid in a channel

This paper is devoted to the study of the peristaltic transport of viscoelastic non-Newtonian fluids with fractional Maxwell model in a channel. Approximate analytical solutions have been constructed using Adomian decomposition method under the assumption of long wave boundary layer type approximation and low Reynolds number. The effects of relaxation time, fractional parameters and amplitude on the pressure difference and friction force along one wavelength are received and analyzed. The study is limited to one way coupling model with forward effect of the fluid on the peristaltic wall. It is evident from the result that pressure diminishes with increase in relaxation time and the effects of both fractional parameters on pressure are opposite to each other. The influences of these parameters on friction force are opposite to that of pressure.     

On Embedding a Qualitative Representation in a Two-Dimensional Plane

Abstract

This paper discusses embedding in a two-dimensional plane a symbolic representation for spatial data using the simple objects, points (P), lines (L), circuits (C), and areas (A). We have proposed PLCA as a new framework for a qualitative spatial reasoning. In a PLCA expression, the entire figure is represented in a form in which all the objects are related. We investigate the conditions for two-dimensional realizability of a PLCA expression, and derive the relation that the numbers of objects in a PLCA expression should have. In this process, we use the well-known Euler's formula. We also give an algorithm for drawing the figure of the PLCA expression that satisfies this condition in a two-dimensional plane and prove its correctness. The algorithm generates a quantitative expression from qualitative expression.     

Optimal Control of a Programmed Turn of a Spacecraft

A problem of optimal turn of a spacecraft is considered. The time of turn is minimized, as well as the functional having a meaning of the propellant consumption. An analytical solution to the problem stated is derived. It is demonstrated that the solution optimal in this sense belongs to a class of two-impulse controls, under which a spacecraft executes the turn along the trajectory of its free motion. The solution obtained in this paper differs from earlier available solutions considerably. The estimations of the propellant consumption for a realization of the programmed turn are made.     

某型卫星有效载荷支架振动抑制

某型号卫星的有效载荷支架结构在验收级振动试验时振动超标。在对结构不做大的修改的前提下，采用约束阻尼层用对原结构进行处理。对不同的约束阻尼层方案采用有限元方法进行计算，综合考虑各种影响因素，如阻尼比和附加质量等，得到合理的约束阻尼减振方案，并在结构星上进行试验，确定最终实施方案。实施方案后，正样星在0．1g振动条件下，最大振动幅值下降了22．3％，保证了卫星的顺利发射。该卫星已经成功发射，并且在轨运行正常。该问题的成功解决和解决问题的方法与过程为今后解决类似问题提供了经验。