飞机起落架用超高强度钢应用现状及展望

结合飞机起落架设计思想和需求,介绍国内外飞机起落架用钢的应用及研究进展,总结起落架用钢的应用特点和思路,对比国内外飞机起落架用钢的差距。目前飞机起落架用钢已经形成了低合金超高强度钢和高合金超高强度钢并用的材料体系,建立了完整的抗疲劳制造技术体系。我国起落架用超高强度钢的研制和应用处于国际先进水平。分析讨论了飞机起落架用超高强度钢的发展方向。     

航空用贵金属及其合金五项航标的特点

“航空用贵金属及其合金电刷线材”,“航空用贵金属及其合金管材”,“航空用贵金属及其合金电位器裸线”,“航空用贵金属及其合金丝材”,“航空用贵金属及其合金板、带材”等五项部标准已于1982年5月实施了。现就这五项新航标的特点谈谈我们的看法。     

航空紧固件用钛合金材料发展现状

钛合金紧固件因其密度小、高比强、耐腐蚀等性能广泛应用于航空航天领域。着重对航空紧固件用钛合金材料的发展现状进行综述。结合紧固件用钛合金的发展,介绍了国内外紧固件用钛合金的应用现状,并对比分析了紧固件用钛合金材料的性能特点。同时,结合先进飞机对高性能紧固件的需求,介绍了几种紧固件用高强韧钛合金材料及其紧固件加工工艺。     

闻雪友院士访谈

问:请您简要介绍国外舰用燃气轮机的发展情况,目前中国舰用燃气轮机的研制与国外发达国家的差距,以及中国对舰用燃气轮机的需求?     

善借工具好扬帆——飞行员巧用iPad、微信工具

<正>回京途中,我有幸乘坐国航机长刘亚东亲自驾驶的A330航班。巡航途中,他向我推荐了几个iPad应用。他说,看飞行手册用Perfect Reader,看航图用EmFB,看天气用Aero Weather,查机场代码用AirPorts,还有一款加时间用的Timeadder。回到家,我随即在无线网络环境下一一下载。别说,这几个软件对飞行员挺有用。     

用竖式计算尺寸链的错误分析

《用竖式计算尺寸链》(见本刊1984年第2期)一文中已介绍过,用竖式计算尺寸链可与用方程求解尺寸链互为验证。一般都是编制工艺规程时用列方程求解,如尺寸图表法,而校对时用竖式。用竖式法根本用不着尺寸图表,也用不着画出尺寸链,按加工过程进行校对即可。校对有二个内容,一个是校对零件的工艺规程是否保证了零件图要求,二是校核加工余量。     

飞机疲劳载荷谱代表起落选取方法研究

 飞机中值载荷谱编制用100个左右实测飞行起落小子样反映机队飞机使用情况,用结构当量寿命子样中值作为代表起落选取指标,用实测飞行小子样作为任务剖面代表起落选取基准。本文提出在用实测飞行准确测量结构飞行载荷的基础上,用累积损伤子样平均值作为选取代表起落的指标,用机队飞机外场实际使用飞行数据大子样作为代表起落选取的基准。分析和对比实验结果都表明,用本文方法选取代表起落编制的飞机疲劳载荷谱能真实反映机队飞机的平均使用情况。     

用时间相关法计算喷管跨声速流场

本文用时间相关法完成了定常、无粘、跨声速喷管流动的计算。内部点参数用MacCormack差分格式计算,壁边界点参数用简化了的特征边界条件计算,轴上点参数用反射原理计算。计算表明:计算是收敛的,计算结果与实验数据符合良好。     

O型密封圈的车削加工

这里介绍的是在车床上加工O型密封胶圈的方法,特点是操作简单,无须专用工装,适于加工批量小、品种多的非标准O型密封胶圈,加工光洁度及精度均符合设计要求。加工过程(见图1): 1.将橡胶板固定在胎具上,用尖刀将内圆切到尺寸(留0.1～0.2毫米余量); 2.用尖刀将两个90°角切成45°; 3.用弯头成形刀车内R; 4.用直头成型刀车外端面R; 5.用细砂布及细棉纱轻抛,再用尖刀将零件切下; 6.将半成品装于木胎上,木胎外径比橡胶圈半成品外径大1～3毫米,再用尖刀将90°角切成45°; 7.用直头成形刀车削余下的1/4R。最后用细砂布及棉纱轻抛橡胶圈即可。     

湍流附面层方程的有限差分解

本文用三点隐式有限差分法数值求解了轴对称流动的层流、转捩和湍流可压缩附面层方程,湍流附面层用两层概念处理,而每一层用适当的涡粘性模型代替Reynolds应力项,用常值湍流Prandtl数将湍流热流项与Reynolds应力关联起来。支配方程用迭代法求解。计算结果表明,采用本文改进的涡粘性模型和涡粘性分布的平滑办法,对文中所计算的几种情况,都给出了满意的结果。     

ICP-AES法测定纯铜中的Bi,Sb,As,Fe,Ni,Pb,Sn,Zn,Ag的方法

研究了ICP-AES法测定纯铜中的Bi,Sb,As,Fe,Ni,Pb,Sn,Zn和Ag等9个元素的分析方法.进行了基体元素铜对9个分析元素的光谱干扰研究,选择了合适的分析谱线,同时测定了分析方法的检出限.     

Triton, Pluto, Centaurs, and Trans-Neptunian Bodies

The diverse populations of icy bodies of the outer Solar System (OSS) give critical information on the composition and structure of the solar nebula and the early phases of planet formation. The two principal repositories of icy bodies are the Kuiper belt or disk, and the Oort Cloud, both of which are the source regions of the comets. Nearly 1000 individual Kuiper belt objects have been discovered; their dynamical distribution is a clue to the early outward migration and gravitational scattering power of Neptune. Pluto is perhaps the largest Kuiper belt object. Pluto is distinguished by its large satellite, a variable atmosphere, and a surface composed of several ices and probable organic solid materials that give it color. Triton is probably a former member of the Kuiper belt population, suggested by its retrograde orbit as a satellite of Neptune. Like Pluto, Triton has a variable atmosphere, compositionally diverse icy surface, and an organic atmospheric haze. Centaur objects appear to come from the Kuiper belt and occupy temporary orbits in the planetary zone; the compositional similarity of one well studied Centaur (5145 Pholus) to comets is notable. New discoveries continue apace, as observational surveys reveal new objects and refined observing techniques yield more physical information about specific bodies.     

A survey of the outer planets Jupiter,Saturn, Uranus,Neptune, Pluto,and their satellites

A survey of current knowledge about Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Pluto, and their satellites is presented. The best available numerical values are given for physical parameters, including orbital and body properties, atmospheric composition and structure, and photometric parameters. The more acceptable current theories of these bodies are outlined with thorough referencing offering access to the details. The survey attempts to cover the literature through May 1, 1972. Prepared Under Contract No. NAS7-100 National Aeronautics and Space Administration.     

Ion engine grids: Function,main parameters,issues, configurations,geometries, materials and fabrication methods

Ion optics are crucial components of ion thrusters and the study of the different ion extraction solutions used since the beginning of the electric propulsion era is essential to understand the evolution of ion engines. This work describes ion engine grids' main functions, parameters and issues related to thermal expansion and sputter erosion, and then introduces a review of ion optics used for significant launched and tested ion thrusters since 1970. Configurations, geometries, materials and fabrication methods are analyzed to understand when typical ion thrusters use two or three grids, what are the thicknesses and aperture sizes of the screen, accelerator and decelerator grids, why molybdenum and carbon-based materials such as pyrolytic graphite and carbon–carbon are the best available options for ion optics and what is the manufacturing method for each material.     

组织、加工、实施

瑞士威力铭-马科黛尔公司在欧洲机床展(EMO)上展示了带直接驱动技术的超精密棒料铣车复合加工中心。威力铭公司是全球第一家制造铣/钻与车棒料复合加工中心的厂家。公司首次推出超精密的"多工序加工中心",即直线轴和旋转轴全部被直接驱动,在数控系统中输入     

加快维修周转时间

大到整个飞机机身,小到某个飞机附件,周转时间都是十分重要的。在成本、质量和速度的三角关系中,后者正在占据越来越重要的地位。现在航空业出现一种新趋势,即航空公司在寻找维修公司时更注重维修周转时间的长短,以前,却是更为注重维修价格的高低。随着飞机营运费用的升高,周转     

维修数据传输:更快速、更廉价、更好

一直以来,航空公司大多采用ACARS通信系统(飞机通信寻址和报告系统)进行空中通信服务.但与陆地通信系统相比,该系统的传输速度慢而且成本高,成为目前影响飞行数据传输速度的重要因素之一.一些MRO软件供应商已开始开发机载无线通信系统,试图改善以往缓慢、昂贵和复杂的空中无线服务,使飞行中生成的重要维修数据以更低的成本、更快的速度和更高效率实现传输.     

CIR Morphology, Turbulence, Discontinuities, and Energetic Particles

Corotating interaction regions (CIRs) in the middle heliosphere have distinct morphological features and associated patterns of turbulence and energetic particles. This report summarizes current understanding of those features and patterns, discusses how they can vary from case to case and with distance from the Sun and possible causes of those variations, presents an analytical model of the morphological features found in earlier qualitative models and numerical simulations, and identifies aspects of the features and patterns that have yet to be resolved. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.