环境效应和强化效果对300M超高强度钢疲劳性能的影响

研究了３００Ｍ超高强度钢螺纹滚压和未滚压试样在空气和３．５％ＮａＣｌ的水溶液中的疲劳性能。揭示了环境效应与强化效果的关系。实验发现，在ｆ＝１０Ｈｚ下，滚压件在盐水环境中和未滚压件在空气环境中的应力－寿命曲线之间存在一相交点。应力高于该相交点，强化效果起主导作用；低于该相交点，环境效应起主导作用。     

喷丸强化对TC17钛合金表面完整性及疲劳寿命的影响

研究了喷丸强化对TC17钛合金表面完整性及疲劳寿命的影响。采用表面粗糙度仪、扫描电子显微镜、X射线残余应力测试仪、显微硬度计等分析了弹丸种类和喷丸强度对表面粗糙度、残余应力场、显微硬度场和微观组织的影响;在旋转弯曲疲劳试验机上测试了喷丸强化后的疲劳寿命,探讨了表面完整性与疲劳寿命的内在联系及作用机制。结果表明:喷丸强化后TC17钛合金表面粗糙度为0.5~1.0μm,残余压应力层为100μm左右,最大残余压应力位于表面下30μm处,表面出现加工硬化,晶粒发生了压缩变形;与未喷丸试样相比,玻璃丸对疲劳寿命的提升幅度最大,陶瓷丸次之,铸钢丸最小。喷丸强化提高疲劳寿命的机制归结于引入较深的残余应力层、较高的表面硬化程度和表层晶粒的细化。     

航空Inconel718高强紧固件螺纹温滚压成形技术

高性能航空紧固件都要求在热处理后进行螺纹滚压,以保证螺纹具有对疲劳寿命有利的压应力状态。高强紧固件螺纹在冷滚压成形过程中易产生裂纹、折迭等缺陷。此外,工具寿命较低。主要论述了高强紧固件螺纹成形的技术难点,提出了采用温滚压成形工艺技术方法。通过温滚压温度参数试验、试验件的金相和性能试验,并与冷滚件进行了对比,温滚压成形在提高工件质量和滚压工具寿命方面具有无比的优越性。     

钛合金切削挤压复合攻丝研究

将切削挤压复合攻丝新方法成功地用于高强度钛合金内螺纹的加工,这种方法不仅可以减小挤压扭矩而且能够强化螺纹根部。加工的挤压螺纹表面有一层纤维沿其牙形连续分布。利用云纹干涉法测得牙根处的最大残余压应力为120MPa左右。疲劳对比试验结果表明,在相同应力水平下,经挤压强化螺纹的疲劳寿命大约是未强化螺纹的３倍,这主要归因于挤压螺纹表面高的残余压应力,高的纤维密度和低的粗糙度。     

激光冲击强化7075铝合金熔焊接头的疲劳性能

激光冲击强化（LSP）技术具有残余压应力场深、冷作硬化程度低和强化区域可控等优点,在焊接结构表面改性方面应用前景广阔。对2 mm厚度的7075-T6铝合金激光-电弧复合焊接接头实施了激光冲击强化处理,对比分析了强化前后接头的硬度、残余应力、疲劳寿命以及疲劳裂纹形核机制。结果表明,焊缝中心的最高硬度由强化前的152 HV提高到强化后的175 HV,有效强化层深度约为100 μm;经激光冲击强化后,焊缝区呈现残余压缩应力,最大残余压应力为-200 MPa;9组焊接接头试样的平均疲劳寿命为675 937周,约为强化前疲劳寿命（262 297周）的2.6倍;疲劳裂纹萌生位置从具有高度应力集中的表面缺陷转移至强化层以下的亚表面,进而有效地提高了疲劳裂纹的形核寿命。     

强化层亚结构对TA2疲劳强度的影响

研究了滚压强化多晶纯钛在疲劳前后的显微组织特征和残余应力的变化。结果发现：疲劳强度的提高主要归于形变组织，同时表面粗糙度的降低也起了良好的作用。滚压试样表层TEM组织中形成高密度位错和单个、分散的变形孪晶，历经10^6以上循环周次后，孪晶－晶界的交互作用是其主要特征。滚压引入的残余压应力和层深均较小，有益贡献也相应降低。     

激光冲击强化对钛合金高温微动疲劳寿命的影响

为了解高温工作环境下激光冲击强化工艺(LSP)对钛合金材料微动疲劳寿命的影响,开展了强化前后TC11钛合金在室温、300°C和500°C下的微动疲劳试验并测试了试验件表层的残余应力及硬度。结果表明:随着温度的升高,激光冲击强化对TC11钛合金微动疲劳寿命的提高倍数逐渐减小。在轴向载荷为400MPa,法向载荷为65.5MPa时,经激光冲击强化后TC11钛合金试验件在室温、300°C和500°C下的微动疲劳寿命分别为强化前的5.5倍、3.5倍和1.7倍;强化后试验件表层的残余应力会在高温下发生松弛,且松弛程度会随温度的升高而增大,这是激光冲击强化效果随温度升高而逐渐弱化的主要原因。     

深氮化硬化钢的接触疲劳试验研究

对双真空32Cr3MoVE钢深氮化件进行接触疲劳试验研究和全面分析.结果表明,失效形貌呈典型的接触疲劳特征,两种疲劳裂纹形成模式同时存在.深氮化试件具有优良的硬度梯度和残余压应力分布,与渗碳件相比接触疲劳寿命提高3.3～4.5倍.     

冷挤压强化对GH4169合金孔结构室温低循环疲劳寿命影响

对GH4169合金中心孔板材试样进行冷挤压强化,测试了挤压前后GH4169中心孔板材试样在663 MPa/20℃条件下的低循环疲劳寿命;分别采用扫描电镜、X射线衍射残余应力仪、表面轮廓仪分析了疲劳断口、疲劳过程中残余应力场的演化以及表面形貌。结果表明:冷挤压强化后孔结构的疲劳寿命提高为原始试样的2.6倍。冷挤压强化对孔壁的强化效果使得冷挤压试样疲劳源萌生于倒角处单源,而原始试样萌生于孔壁多源。经过50000周次疲劳实验,冷挤压强化残余压应力有所松弛,但进口端与出口端的表面残余应力分别保持了55%和75%。冷挤压后孔壁表面粗糙度R_a由0.354μm减小到0.297μm。     

螺纹根部圆角滚压强化对螺纹疲劳寿命的影响

对高强度钢材料0Cr13Ni8Mo2Al螺栓连接件采用螺纹根部圆角滚压强化工艺,在频率140Hz、高载21.09 kN、载荷比R=0.1条件下与车削螺纹对比疲劳寿命。试验结果表明,螺纹根部圆角滚压强化工艺可以大幅提高螺栓螺纹的疲劳寿命。     

有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计难点问题

有翼高超声速再入飞行器是近年来的研究热点,气动设计是飞行器设计的关键。为了更清楚地认识有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计的难点问题,对有翼高超声速再入飞行器的发展、优势及总体任务剖面进行了介绍,从5个方面详细介绍了该类飞行器气动设计的难点问题,包括多约束复杂面对称气动布局设计、高温真实气体效应对气动特性影响、天地差异与天地换算方法、反作用控制系统(RCS)喷流干扰对气动特性的影响以及气动数据不确定度等,简要阐明了这些难点问题对总体设计的重要性以及初步的解决思路,为有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计提供了一些参考。     

Simulation and Analysis of Crashworthiness of Fuel Tank for Helicopters

Crashworthiness requirement of fuel tanks is one of the important requirements in helicopter designs. The relations among the protection frame, textile layer and rubber layer of the fuel tank are introduced. Two appropriate FE models are established, one is for an uncovered helicopter fuel tank without protection frame, and the other is for fuel tank with protection frame. The dynamic responses of the two types of fuel tanks impinging on the ground with velocities of 17.3 m/s are numerically simulated for the purpose of analyzing energy-absorbing capabilities of the textile layer and protection frame. The feasibility of the current crashworthiness design of the fuel tank is examined though comparing the dynamic response behaviors of the two fuel tanks.     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

ν-gap度量及其在飞行控制律评估中的应用

 传统控制律评估方法主要用于单输入单输出（SISO）系统，且对模型参数摄动考虑不够全面,针对这些不足，研究了ν-gap度量方法。在介绍系统广义稳定裕度相关概念的基础上，给出了ν-gap度量的定义、特点和性质以及近似摄动模型的计算，提出ν-gap度量评估控制律的步骤。实例结果表明，该方法不仅克服了上述传统评估方法的缺陷，而且还有根据所求的各摄动影响情况忽略影响小的元素，以减少计算量及可以找到最坏情况下的参数摄动组合等优点。     

突破技术趋同，波音再现竞争优势

 波音公司面临着来自空客公司的巨大挑战,企业战略性创新才是公司成功的关键。为此波音公司的全部战略性研究集中在扩大产品的差异性上,体现在3个方面：电子化（e-Enabled）运营环境、整体复合材料机身部件的制造技术和支持波音787客机的全球协同环境（GCE）。     

临近空间飞行器测控与信息传输系统频段选择

 临近空间飞行器是高性能信息化武器平台,测控（TT&;C）与信息传输系统是其信息保障的核心,而选择合理、可行的频段是展开系统设计的前提和基础。频段选择影响到整个技术方案的制定,是一个需综合考虑、影响深远并具有战略意义的关键问题,从国际电联（ITU）国际标准、高速数传、接收信噪比（SNR）、“三抗”、超视距中继、黑障、雨衰以及设备研制成熟度8个方面全面、细致论证了近空间平台测控系统的频段选择问题,最终得出在视距链路中以Ka频段为宜,在超视距链路中以Ku/Ka双频段为宜的结论。     

基于弯曲激波压缩系统的高超声速进气道反设计研究进展

总结了近十年来弯曲激波压缩研究的主要成果。提出了弯曲激波压缩系统的新概念,即利用特殊设计的楔形弯曲压缩面或空间弯曲压缩面,产生一系列与前缘弱激波相互交汇或叠加的压缩波系,从而使前缘激波弯曲,形成特殊的弯曲激波,它与波后的等熵压缩波来共同完成对气流的压缩。在此基础上,实现了由给定出口气动参数的超声速内流道反设计,实现了由给定压缩面压力分布和给定压缩面马赫数分布要求的型面反设计,实现了由给定激波波面的压缩型面反设计。研究证明,弯曲压缩面-弯曲激波压缩系统具有良好的综合气动性能,为高性能高超声速进气系统的气动设计提供了一种全新的设计方法。     

Integrated Entry Guidance for Reusable Launch Vehicle

A method for the implementation of integrated three-degree-of-freedom constrained entry guidance for reusable launch vehicle is presented. Given any feasible entry conditions, terminal area energy management interface conditions, and the reference trajectory generated onboard then, the method can generate a longitudinal guidance profile rapidly, featuring linear quadratic regular method and a proportional-integral-derivative tracking law with time-varying gains, which satisfies all the entry corridor constraints and meets the requirements with high precision. Afterwards, by utilizing special features of crossrange parameter, establishing bank-reversal corridor, and determining bank-reversals according to dynamically adjusted method, the algorithm enables the lateral entry guidance system to fly a wide range of missions and provides reliable and good performance in the presence of significant aerodynamic modeling uncertainty. Fast trajectory guidance profiles and simulations with a reusable launch vehicle model for various missions and aerodynamic uncertain-ties are presented to demonstrate the capacity and reliability of this method.     

Experimental Study on Effects of Fuel Injection on Scramjet Combustor Performance

In order to investigate the effects of fuel injection distribution on the scramjet combustor performance, there are conducted three sets of test on a hydrocarbon fueled direct-connect scramjet test facility. The results of Test A, whose fuel injection is carried out with injectors located on the top-wall and the bottom-wall, show that the fuel injection with an appropriate close-front and centralized distribution would be of much help to optimize combustor performances. The results of Test B, whose fuel injection is performed at the optimal injection locations found in Test A, with a given equivalence ratio and different injection proportions for each injector, show that this injection mode is of little benefit to improve combustor performances. The results of Test C with a circumferential fuel injection distribution displaies the possibility of ameliorating combustor performance. By analyzing the effects of injection location parameters on combustor performances on the base of the data of Test C, it is clear that the injector location has strong coupled influences on combus- tor performances. In addition, an inner-force synthesis specific impulse is used to reduce the errors caused by the disturbance of fuel supply and working state of air heater while assessing combustor performances.     

(高)超声速流动试验技术及研究进展

近年来,与高速飞行器相关的(高)超声速流动受到了极大的关注。这类流动所具有的非定常性、强梯度和可压缩性对试验方法和风洞设计技术提出了挑战。超声速纳米示踪平面激光散射(NPLS)技术是由作者所在团队研发的非接触光学测试技术。它能够以较高的空间分辨率来揭示超声速三维流场的一个瞬态剖面的时间解析的流动结构。介绍了NPLS技术以及基于NPLS开发的密度场测量、雷诺应力测量和气动光学波前测量等方法,并回顾了这些技术在超声速边界层、超声速混合层、超声速压缩拐角、激波/边界层相互作用和光学头罩绕流等流动中的应用,清晰地再现了边界层、混合层、激波等典型流场结构及其时空演化特性。另外,为了模拟和研究高空大气条件下边界层自然转捩和超声速混合层的转捩特性,介绍了高超声速静风洞、超-超混合层风洞的设计技术以及层流化喷管的设计方法。