旋转双焦点激光-TIG复合焊接头的研制

近年来,在激光-电弧复合焊接几何参数、激光聚焦位置及能量参数的优化与选择、热源相互作用机理、保护气体对接头性能的影响、坡口形貌对焊接工艺的影响、熔池的流动特性和复合焊接熔滴过渡力学行为等方面的研究使激光一电弧复合焊接技术得到了很大程度的发展.     

双焦点激光-TIG电弧复合焊接工艺

针对1Cr18Ni9Ti奥氏体不锈钢的双焦点激光-TIG电弧复合热源焊接工艺进行了初步的研究.通过试验分析了双焦点激光-TIG电弧复合焊接过程中激光功率、电弧电流、热源间距以及焊接速度等工艺参数对焊缝熔深、熔宽的影响.结果表明,双焦点激光-TIG电弧复合热源在一定程度上可以提高焊接速度、焊接质量,降低装配精度,是一种很有应用前景的焊接工艺方法.     

激光-电弧复合热源焊接研究及应用现状

激光-电弧复合热源焊接可以增大焊接熔深,提高焊接速度,增大装配间隙,是一种很有前途的新型焊接热源。本文介绍了激光-电弧复合热源焊接这一焊接方法的发展、特性、复合形式、机理及研究应用现状。     

激光焊接过程的流体动力学研究

建立了描述小孔传热的激光深熔焊过程组合体热源模型,使用计算流体力学的控制容积法将控制方程进行离散处理后,采用SIMPLE算法求解了质量守恒、动量守恒和能量守恒方程组,模拟了激光焊接小孔的形状和尺寸以及焊接熔池的流动速度分布.结果显示,焊接小孔的稳定性随着焊接速度的增加而降低,熔池流动速度受Marangoni驱动力的直接影响,模拟焊缝形状和尺寸与实际焊缝吻合良好.     

低功率激光-TIG电弧复合焊接不锈钢熔深研究

建立了一套低功率YAG脉冲激光-TIG电弧复合热源焊接系统,并用本系统对不锈钢1Cr18Ni9Ti进行焊接.研究了3种热源作用下不锈钢的焊缝熔深.通过引入焊缝有效热输入概念,对复合热源影响熔深的机理进行了分析.     

活性剂对不锈钢YAG激光-电弧复合焊接的影响

以8mm厚的热轧态不锈钢1Cr18Ni9Ti为试验对象,分析了激光和电弧2种热源共同作用下单质活性剂(SiO2、TiO2、CaF2)对YAG激光-TIG电弧复合焊接的影响。结果表明:这3种活性剂都能不同程度地增加焊缝熔深,其中SiO2、TiO2可使熔深显著增加;结合电弧形态、测温曲线峰值温度综合分析发现,活性剂的加入使电弧收缩是增加焊缝熔深的主要原因,其次是活性剂对激光等离子体存在抑制作用,两者表现出激光-TIG电弧复合活性剂焊接的焊缝中心测温曲线的峰值温度与焊缝熔深以及深宽比同时增加。     

热源同轴辅助搅拌摩擦焊热过程数值分析

针对空间环境焊接修复与组装需求,提出热源辅助固相焊接方法,以避免高真空与微重力空间环境的不利影响。该辅助热源采用激光同轴加热中空搅拌头,间接为焊缝提供热输入。在对激光束于搅拌头小孔中的反射与吸收行为进行分析的基础上,建立复合焊接热源模型,对复合焊接过程温度场进行了数值计算。分析结果表明,加入激光辅助热源能将焊缝最高温度从394℃提高到511℃,激光热量主要加热搅拌针周围的材料,具有局部加热的特点;在相同条件下,辅助热源提高了焊接热输入,焊缝金属软化程度增加,为降低焊接作用力和提高焊接速度提供条件;仿真结果与实测结果对比的一致性说明复合焊接分析模型能够用于预测焊接过程的温度场,为优化工艺参数提供理论依据。     

选择性激光熔化过程中熔池演变与金属飞溅特性数值模拟

选择性激光熔化(SLM)成形技术是新型增材制造技术的一个重要发展领域。通过建立用于选择性激光熔化成形的高保真粉末尺度激光熔化模型,展现了粉末层从开始熔化、熔滴飞溅到熔道成形、冷却凝固的全过程。熔滴飞溅行为是金属粉末层熔合工艺中难以避免的成形缺陷来源,借助数值模拟手段还原了激光熔合过程中飞溅现象的演变过程,克服了实际实验难以捕捉到熔池内部及熔滴飞溅行为定量表征信息的难题,获取了熔融液滴飞溅的变形机制以及飞溅过程中随时间变化的温度、速度、压力、位置偏移等信息。结果显示,金属蒸气作用与惰性气体流动共同驱动了熔池流动与熔滴的飞溅行为,高温熔体流速为1～6 m/s,熔滴飞溅速度为1～4 m/s。随着工艺参数的调整,飞溅熔滴的体积形态与飞溅方向均发生变化。结合实验分析,追踪了熔滴飞溅的运动轨迹以及熔滴在空中飞溅时的“二次爆炸”与“旋球”行为。该研究补充了实际实验对于飞溅行为的分析理解,通过提取飞溅物完整寿命周期能量吸收耗散的量化信息,进一步促进了激光熔合过程中复杂的流体流动与飞溅现象的动力学表征。     

高速摄影技术及其应用(二)——焊接工艺的高速摄影研究

焊接工艺方法,特别是对目前发展迅速的熔化极气体保护焊的研究发现,施焊过程中,电弧是否稳定,飞溅金属的大小和数量,熔池运动状态及随后的焊缝成形等等,都与螺丝端部熔化时形成的熔滴形状及其过渡状态有关。近三十多年来,各国都采用了高速摄影技术,将焊接电弧内部金属的熔化及熔滴的形成和过渡过程拍摄成高速影片,经过详尽的分析研究,大大改进了焊接工艺,并促使新的焊接工     

YAG激光全熔透焊接304不锈钢的熔池温度场预测

基于Rosenthal的移动线热源模型,通过与高速摄像对焊接过程中熔池特征量的测量结果对比,获得了YAG激光全熔透焊接304不锈钢时熔池特征量及温度场分布的预测模型。结果表明,在一定热输入范围内,计算与试验结果符合得很好,但当热输入使熔透焊接过程处于过度熔化和临界熔透时,计算值与试验值的偏差会变大。     

有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计难点问题

有翼高超声速再入飞行器是近年来的研究热点,气动设计是飞行器设计的关键。为了更清楚地认识有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计的难点问题,对有翼高超声速再入飞行器的发展、优势及总体任务剖面进行了介绍,从5个方面详细介绍了该类飞行器气动设计的难点问题,包括多约束复杂面对称气动布局设计、高温真实气体效应对气动特性影响、天地差异与天地换算方法、反作用控制系统(RCS)喷流干扰对气动特性的影响以及气动数据不确定度等,简要阐明了这些难点问题对总体设计的重要性以及初步的解决思路,为有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计提供了一些参考。     

Simulation and Analysis of Crashworthiness of Fuel Tank for Helicopters

Crashworthiness requirement of fuel tanks is one of the important requirements in helicopter designs. The relations among the protection frame, textile layer and rubber layer of the fuel tank are introduced. Two appropriate FE models are established, one is for an uncovered helicopter fuel tank without protection frame, and the other is for fuel tank with protection frame. The dynamic responses of the two types of fuel tanks impinging on the ground with velocities of 17.3 m/s are numerically simulated for the purpose of analyzing energy-absorbing capabilities of the textile layer and protection frame. The feasibility of the current crashworthiness design of the fuel tank is examined though comparing the dynamic response behaviors of the two fuel tanks.     

突破技术趋同，波音再现竞争优势

 波音公司面临着来自空客公司的巨大挑战,企业战略性创新才是公司成功的关键。为此波音公司的全部战略性研究集中在扩大产品的差异性上,体现在3个方面：电子化（e-Enabled）运营环境、整体复合材料机身部件的制造技术和支持波音787客机的全球协同环境（GCE）。     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

ν-gap度量及其在飞行控制律评估中的应用

 传统控制律评估方法主要用于单输入单输出（SISO）系统，且对模型参数摄动考虑不够全面,针对这些不足，研究了ν-gap度量方法。在介绍系统广义稳定裕度相关概念的基础上，给出了ν-gap度量的定义、特点和性质以及近似摄动模型的计算，提出ν-gap度量评估控制律的步骤。实例结果表明，该方法不仅克服了上述传统评估方法的缺陷，而且还有根据所求的各摄动影响情况忽略影响小的元素，以减少计算量及可以找到最坏情况下的参数摄动组合等优点。     

临近空间飞行器测控与信息传输系统频段选择

 临近空间飞行器是高性能信息化武器平台,测控（TT&;C）与信息传输系统是其信息保障的核心,而选择合理、可行的频段是展开系统设计的前提和基础。频段选择影响到整个技术方案的制定,是一个需综合考虑、影响深远并具有战略意义的关键问题,从国际电联（ITU）国际标准、高速数传、接收信噪比（SNR）、“三抗”、超视距中继、黑障、雨衰以及设备研制成熟度8个方面全面、细致论证了近空间平台测控系统的频段选择问题,最终得出在视距链路中以Ka频段为宜,在超视距链路中以Ku/Ka双频段为宜的结论。     

基于弯曲激波压缩系统的高超声速进气道反设计研究进展

总结了近十年来弯曲激波压缩研究的主要成果。提出了弯曲激波压缩系统的新概念,即利用特殊设计的楔形弯曲压缩面或空间弯曲压缩面,产生一系列与前缘弱激波相互交汇或叠加的压缩波系,从而使前缘激波弯曲,形成特殊的弯曲激波,它与波后的等熵压缩波来共同完成对气流的压缩。在此基础上,实现了由给定出口气动参数的超声速内流道反设计,实现了由给定压缩面压力分布和给定压缩面马赫数分布要求的型面反设计,实现了由给定激波波面的压缩型面反设计。研究证明,弯曲压缩面-弯曲激波压缩系统具有良好的综合气动性能,为高性能高超声速进气系统的气动设计提供了一种全新的设计方法。     

Experimental Study on Effects of Fuel Injection on Scramjet Combustor Performance

In order to investigate the effects of fuel injection distribution on the scramjet combustor performance, there are conducted three sets of test on a hydrocarbon fueled direct-connect scramjet test facility. The results of Test A, whose fuel injection is carried out with injectors located on the top-wall and the bottom-wall, show that the fuel injection with an appropriate close-front and centralized distribution would be of much help to optimize combustor performances. The results of Test B, whose fuel injection is performed at the optimal injection locations found in Test A, with a given equivalence ratio and different injection proportions for each injector, show that this injection mode is of little benefit to improve combustor performances. The results of Test C with a circumferential fuel injection distribution displaies the possibility of ameliorating combustor performance. By analyzing the effects of injection location parameters on combustor performances on the base of the data of Test C, it is clear that the injector location has strong coupled influences on combus- tor performances. In addition, an inner-force synthesis specific impulse is used to reduce the errors caused by the disturbance of fuel supply and working state of air heater while assessing combustor performances.     

Integrated Entry Guidance for Reusable Launch Vehicle

A method for the implementation of integrated three-degree-of-freedom constrained entry guidance for reusable launch vehicle is presented. Given any feasible entry conditions, terminal area energy management interface conditions, and the reference trajectory generated onboard then, the method can generate a longitudinal guidance profile rapidly, featuring linear quadratic regular method and a proportional-integral-derivative tracking law with time-varying gains, which satisfies all the entry corridor constraints and meets the requirements with high precision. Afterwards, by utilizing special features of crossrange parameter, establishing bank-reversal corridor, and determining bank-reversals according to dynamically adjusted method, the algorithm enables the lateral entry guidance system to fly a wide range of missions and provides reliable and good performance in the presence of significant aerodynamic modeling uncertainty. Fast trajectory guidance profiles and simulations with a reusable launch vehicle model for various missions and aerodynamic uncertain-ties are presented to demonstrate the capacity and reliability of this method.     

(高)超声速流动试验技术及研究进展

近年来,与高速飞行器相关的(高)超声速流动受到了极大的关注。这类流动所具有的非定常性、强梯度和可压缩性对试验方法和风洞设计技术提出了挑战。超声速纳米示踪平面激光散射(NPLS)技术是由作者所在团队研发的非接触光学测试技术。它能够以较高的空间分辨率来揭示超声速三维流场的一个瞬态剖面的时间解析的流动结构。介绍了NPLS技术以及基于NPLS开发的密度场测量、雷诺应力测量和气动光学波前测量等方法,并回顾了这些技术在超声速边界层、超声速混合层、超声速压缩拐角、激波/边界层相互作用和光学头罩绕流等流动中的应用,清晰地再现了边界层、混合层、激波等典型流场结构及其时空演化特性。另外,为了模拟和研究高空大气条件下边界层自然转捩和超声速混合层的转捩特性,介绍了高超声速静风洞、超-超混合层风洞的设计技术以及层流化喷管的设计方法。