基于图谱指标的滚动轴承故障特征提取方法

为了更准确地提取滚动轴承振动信号的非线性故障特征,将图信号处理(GSP)引入机械故障诊断领域,提出了基于图谱指标的滚动轴承故障特征提取方法。该方法将滚动轴承的振动信号转化为路图信号后,提取多个图谱指标;用Fisher得分(FS)算法对图谱指标的敏感度进行排序,并选取若干个最敏感的图谱指标作为滚动轴承的故障特征参数;用K-均值聚类算法识别滚动轴承的不同故障。应用实例表明:当分别选取1~5个最优的图谱指标、时域指标和频域指标对不同轴承故障进行识别时,图谱指标均没有出现错误,而时域指标和频域指标都出现了不同数量的错误,因此,图谱指标对轴承故障的区分能力优于时域指标和频域指标。     

基于IHT的共振解调技术的滚动轴承故障诊断方法

针对传统解调方法在滚动轴承振动信号故障特征提取中的局限性,在迭代Hilbert变换和共振解调技术基础上,提出了一种新的基于迭代希尔伯特变换(iterated Hilbert transform,简称IHT)的共振解调技术的滚动轴承故障诊断方法.采用IHT将原始振动信号分解为若干个含有故障特征信息的包络幅值分量,然后用共振解调法去除残余的高频干扰噪声并求得各个包络分量的倍频谱,利用轴承理论故障频率与共振解调得到的各倍频进行对比分析,诊断出滚动轴承相应的故障类型.轴承故障实例诊断分析结果表明该方法能有效地提取轴承故障特征.      

基于EMD的发动机轴承振动冲击故障特征提取

采用经验模式分解方法(EMD),研究了发动机轴承的非平稳振动信号故障特征提取问题.计算机仿真结果证实了该方法的有效性;采用该方法提取了滚动轴承故障振动信号冲击特征,结果表明应用该方法能够准确、有效地获得轴承的冲击损伤特征,并且,经进一步分析,可确定冲击损伤故障失效模式.     

卷积神经网络和峭度在轴承故障诊断中的应用

针对传统智能诊断方法依靠专家知识和人工提取数据特征工作量大的问题,结合深度学习方法在特征提取和处理大数据方面的优势,研究了一种基于卷积神经网络和振动信号峭度指标的滚动轴承故障诊断方法。该方法将深度学习应用于轴承故障诊断,提取滚动轴承正常状态、内圈故障、外圈故障和滚动体故障4种状态的振动信号,将振动信号分段处理得到峭度指标,使用数据到图像的转换方法将峭度指标转换为灰度图,送入卷积神经网络模型完成故障分类。在进行滚动轴承故障诊断的实验时,所提的模型诊断准确率达到99.5%,高于传统支持向量机(SVM)算法的95.8%。      

基于改进小波变换和包络分析的滚动轴承故障诊断

采用改进的小波分解和重构算法与包络分析相结合的方法,提取滚动轴承振动信号的故障特征频率。改进的小波分解和重构方法避免了 Mallat 算法频率混淆的缺陷,通过对重构信号特定频带进行包络分析,更加准确地提取了滚动轴承的故障特征频率。通过对无故障滚动轴承和内圈、外圈有故障的滚动轴承振动信号的分析,说明这种方法能够有效诊断滚动轴承的故障,并将该方法成功应用于某型航空发动机主轴承故障诊断。     

滚动轴承故障特征提取的VMD包络切片谱分析方法

为了准确提取滚动轴承故障非平稳信号中的故障特征,提出基于变分模态分解（VMD）和包络切片谱的轴承故障特征提取方法。该方法使用VMD将轴承故障信号分解成1组模态分量,并进行Hilbert变换求取各模态分量的包络信号,进而求取包络信号的切片谱（VMD包络切片谱）来提取轴承故障特征。为了进行对比,同时对各模态分量进行幅值谱分析,得到其VMD幅值谱。分别采用VMD包络切片谱和VMD幅值谱对正常轴承振动信号、内圈故障信号、外圈故障信号、滚动体故障信号进行分析。结果表明：在VMD幅值谱中无轴承故障特征频率,在VMD包络切片谱中分别存在内圈、外圈和滚动体的故障特征频率fi、fo、fb及相关的倍频和调制频率成分,从而验证了VMD包络切片谱进行轴承故障特征提取的有效性与优越性。     

基于Birge-Massart阈值降噪与EEMD及谱峭度的滚动轴承故障特征提取

针对传统共振解调方法易受噪声干扰导致故障特征提取效果不佳的问题,提出了一种基于Birge-Massart策略的阈值降噪与集成经验模态分解(EEMD)和快速谱峭度算法相结合的滚动轴承故障特征提取方法。对原始故障信号进行EEMD并采用峭度准则筛选出含有故障信息的本征模态函数(IMF)分量;采用Birge-Massart策略和快速谱峭度对故障信号进行滤波降噪;对滤波后信号进行Hilbert包络解调,提取轴承故障特征。采用该方法分别对仿真信号和实验信号进行特征提取,结果表明该方法可以有效提高故障信号信噪比,清晰准确地获取轴承内、外圈故障的频率特征。利用峭度因子准则筛选IMF分量能有效保留原始故障信号中的冲击特征,去除无关IMF分量的影响。      

基于线调频小波路径追踪阶比循环平稳解调的滚动轴承故障诊断

针对变转速工况下滚动轴承的故障诊断问题,提出一种将线调频小波路径追踪算法与阶比循环平稳解调方法相结合的滚动轴承故障诊断方法.该方法先利用线调频小波路径追踪算法提取轴承的故障特征频率,再根据轴承的故障特征频率对变转速下时域振动信号的包络在角域等角度重采样,并对获取的角域平稳信号进行循环平稳解调,计算得到切片解调谱;最后根据切片解调谱识别滚动轴承故障.仿真分析和应用实例表明:该方法能准确提取变转速工况下滚动轴承的外圈与内圈故障故障特征,提取效果明显优于基于Wigner-Ville峰值跟踪法的包络阶次谱方法.      

基于CEEMDAN降噪与双谱分析的滚动轴承故障诊断

滚动轴承早期故障信号中的噪声成分会影响到故障特征的提取。为了提高含噪故障信号中滚动轴承早期故障特征提 取的准确性，将基于自适应噪声的完备经验模态分解（CEEMDAN）用于滚动轴承振动信号的降噪中，并对降噪后的轴承故障信号 进行双谱分析。结果表明：CEEMDAN可有效去除轴承振动信号中的低频噪声干扰，经CEEMDAN降噪后的不同轴承故障信号的 双谱全局图存在明显差异，根据这些差异可在宏观上对不同轴承故障加以区分；通过经CEEMDAN降噪后的不同轴承故障信号的 双谱细节图可以正确提取不同轴承故障的特征频率，从而实现对各轴承故障的有效诊断。CEEMDAN降噪结合双谱分析可为滚 动轴承故障诊断提供一种新的有效方法。     

基于形态分量分析与阶次跟踪的齿轮箱复合故障诊断方法

针对变转速下齿轮箱复合故障的故障特征提取,提出了基于形态分量分析与阶次跟踪的齿轮箱复合故障诊断方法.该方法根据齿轮箱复合故障振动信号中齿轮和滚动轴承故障成分的形态差异性,先用形态分量分析将其分解为包含齿轮局部故障信息的谐振分量、包含滚动轴承局部故障信息的冲击分量和随机噪声分量,再根据实测转速信号分别对谐振分量和冲击分量进行包络阶次分析,根据各包络阶次谱诊断齿轮箱复合故障.算法仿真和应用实例表明:该方法能有效分离变转速下齿轮和滚动轴承的故障特征,且其故障特征提取效果要优于传统的包络阶次谱方法.      

有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计难点问题

有翼高超声速再入飞行器是近年来的研究热点,气动设计是飞行器设计的关键。为了更清楚地认识有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计的难点问题,对有翼高超声速再入飞行器的发展、优势及总体任务剖面进行了介绍,从5个方面详细介绍了该类飞行器气动设计的难点问题,包括多约束复杂面对称气动布局设计、高温真实气体效应对气动特性影响、天地差异与天地换算方法、反作用控制系统(RCS)喷流干扰对气动特性的影响以及气动数据不确定度等,简要阐明了这些难点问题对总体设计的重要性以及初步的解决思路,为有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计提供了一些参考。     

Simulation and Analysis of Crashworthiness of Fuel Tank for Helicopters

Crashworthiness requirement of fuel tanks is one of the important requirements in helicopter designs. The relations among the protection frame, textile layer and rubber layer of the fuel tank are introduced. Two appropriate FE models are established, one is for an uncovered helicopter fuel tank without protection frame, and the other is for fuel tank with protection frame. The dynamic responses of the two types of fuel tanks impinging on the ground with velocities of 17.3 m/s are numerically simulated for the purpose of analyzing energy-absorbing capabilities of the textile layer and protection frame. The feasibility of the current crashworthiness design of the fuel tank is examined though comparing the dynamic response behaviors of the two fuel tanks.     

突破技术趋同，波音再现竞争优势

 波音公司面临着来自空客公司的巨大挑战,企业战略性创新才是公司成功的关键。为此波音公司的全部战略性研究集中在扩大产品的差异性上,体现在3个方面：电子化（e-Enabled）运营环境、整体复合材料机身部件的制造技术和支持波音787客机的全球协同环境（GCE）。     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

临近空间飞行器测控与信息传输系统频段选择

 临近空间飞行器是高性能信息化武器平台,测控（TT&;C）与信息传输系统是其信息保障的核心,而选择合理、可行的频段是展开系统设计的前提和基础。频段选择影响到整个技术方案的制定,是一个需综合考虑、影响深远并具有战略意义的关键问题,从国际电联（ITU）国际标准、高速数传、接收信噪比（SNR）、“三抗”、超视距中继、黑障、雨衰以及设备研制成熟度8个方面全面、细致论证了近空间平台测控系统的频段选择问题,最终得出在视距链路中以Ka频段为宜,在超视距链路中以Ku/Ka双频段为宜的结论。     

基于弯曲激波压缩系统的高超声速进气道反设计研究进展

总结了近十年来弯曲激波压缩研究的主要成果。提出了弯曲激波压缩系统的新概念,即利用特殊设计的楔形弯曲压缩面或空间弯曲压缩面,产生一系列与前缘弱激波相互交汇或叠加的压缩波系,从而使前缘激波弯曲,形成特殊的弯曲激波,它与波后的等熵压缩波来共同完成对气流的压缩。在此基础上,实现了由给定出口气动参数的超声速内流道反设计,实现了由给定压缩面压力分布和给定压缩面马赫数分布要求的型面反设计,实现了由给定激波波面的压缩型面反设计。研究证明,弯曲压缩面-弯曲激波压缩系统具有良好的综合气动性能,为高性能高超声速进气系统的气动设计提供了一种全新的设计方法。     

Experimental Study on Effects of Fuel Injection on Scramjet Combustor Performance

In order to investigate the effects of fuel injection distribution on the scramjet combustor performance, there are conducted three sets of test on a hydrocarbon fueled direct-connect scramjet test facility. The results of Test A, whose fuel injection is carried out with injectors located on the top-wall and the bottom-wall, show that the fuel injection with an appropriate close-front and centralized distribution would be of much help to optimize combustor performances. The results of Test B, whose fuel injection is performed at the optimal injection locations found in Test A, with a given equivalence ratio and different injection proportions for each injector, show that this injection mode is of little benefit to improve combustor performances. The results of Test C with a circumferential fuel injection distribution displaies the possibility of ameliorating combustor performance. By analyzing the effects of injection location parameters on combustor performances on the base of the data of Test C, it is clear that the injector location has strong coupled influences on combus- tor performances. In addition, an inner-force synthesis specific impulse is used to reduce the errors caused by the disturbance of fuel supply and working state of air heater while assessing combustor performances.     

(高)超声速流动试验技术及研究进展

近年来,与高速飞行器相关的(高)超声速流动受到了极大的关注。这类流动所具有的非定常性、强梯度和可压缩性对试验方法和风洞设计技术提出了挑战。超声速纳米示踪平面激光散射(NPLS)技术是由作者所在团队研发的非接触光学测试技术。它能够以较高的空间分辨率来揭示超声速三维流场的一个瞬态剖面的时间解析的流动结构。介绍了NPLS技术以及基于NPLS开发的密度场测量、雷诺应力测量和气动光学波前测量等方法,并回顾了这些技术在超声速边界层、超声速混合层、超声速压缩拐角、激波/边界层相互作用和光学头罩绕流等流动中的应用,清晰地再现了边界层、混合层、激波等典型流场结构及其时空演化特性。另外,为了模拟和研究高空大气条件下边界层自然转捩和超声速混合层的转捩特性,介绍了高超声速静风洞、超-超混合层风洞的设计技术以及层流化喷管的设计方法。     

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.