民用飞机防火系统适航试验研究

民用运输类飞机是按照中国民用航空规章第25部运输类飞机适航标准进行研制设计和适航审定的。基于某民用飞机适航取证试飞工作,本文介绍了民用飞机防火系统的适航要求、验证目的和适航试验方法,为从事飞机防火系统研究的人员提供参考。     

美国NASA的适航气动研究及启示

飞机适航管理是以民用航空器为对象的强制性、法规性和技术性飞行安全管理。简述美、欧等世界航空大国飞机适航管理及适航规章;研究美国NASA在飞机适航领域开展的气动研究工作;探讨我国国家空气动力试验机构服务于适航工作的途径。     

民用飞机大侧风验证试飞方法研究

抗侧风作为飞机飞行的一项重要能力,需要通过试飞的方法进行验证,以表明飞机的抗侧风能力满足民用飞机适航规章条款的要求。主要从大侧风的试飞方法、试飞技术、试飞结果处理方法、适航验证等方面进行研究,提供民用飞机的大侧风验证试飞方法和适航符合性方法研究。     

我国适航规定轻型水陆两栖飞机部分的修订建议

本文从水陆两栖飞机的国内外发展现状入手,展望了水陆两栖飞机的未来应用。结合我国目前的适航审定规则与国外发达通航国家的适航规章,从飞行性能和特征、结构和载荷、航电系统三个方面比较分析了现有适航规定中水陆两栖飞机的适航要求异同,总结其特点,并分析了适航规章的不足；根据轻型水陆两栖飞机的实际结构特点和任务模式,提出了我国现有适航规定在水陆两栖飞机方面的适航要求在起飞特性、结构安全、密封和腐蚀防护以及驾驶舱系统集成等方面的增补建议。     

水陆两栖飞机水面起飞性能操稳适航技术研究

分析了现行适航规章对水陆两栖飞机水面运行的适用要求和不足,并根据水陆两栖飞机水面运行特点,从适航理念出发对水陆两栖飞机水面起飞性能操稳适航技术进行了研究,并对相关适航技术的符合性验证方法提出了验证思路,为我国制定相关适航标准提供参考。     

民用飞机线缆防火性能适航验证研究

电线电缆作为飞机上重要的材料,其防火阻燃性能的品质影响飞机的安全性。分析适航规章 CCAR-25-R4 在线缆防火性能方面的要求,总结当前国内外航空用标准/规范在电线电缆防火性能方面的规定;针对电线电缆防火性能的适航问题进行研究,给出适航工作的验证思路。对于飞机上使用的线缆,采用国外先进企业内部标准制定线缆的性能指标,能够降低适航验证风险,为线缆的选取和使用提供参考。     

复合材料工艺的适航审定

阐述并解析了运输类飞机适航规章对结构制造方法的内在要求,介绍了复合材料工艺适航审查的流程、验证级别、验证所需考虑的要素,以及为表明对适航规章的符合性,复合材料工艺规范应包含的必要组成部分以及各部分的编制要求。     

民用航空发动机持续转动适航要求研究

中国民用航空规章CCAR 25 R4《运输类飞机适航标准》要求航空发动机的持续转动不会危及飞行安全。围绕25.903（c）款并对比33.74条和33.92条,从条款的内容、制定背景、修订原因以及技术内涵四个方面全面分析了适航审定对航空发动机持续转动的要求。从发动机合格审定和飞机合格审定两个角度分析了适航符合性验证的基本内容,为工业方理解适航条款提供参考,为局方开展型号合格审定工作提供支持。     

民用飞机防火系统适航审定技术分析与研究

火灾是影响运输类飞机安全运行的重要因素。飞机的防火系统为应急系统,通过对飞机的指定防护区进行探测、监控和报警并提供有效灭火,以保证飞机和机上人员的安全。鉴于此,防火系统与民用飞机的安全运行密切相关,也是适航条款要求的内容。旨在为民用飞机研制适航审定人员提供参考,同时也为防火系统适航审定工作提供相应的技术支撑。在分析民机防火系统功能要求和设计架构的基础上,依据中国民用航空规章第25部:运输类飞机适航标准(CCAR-25-R4-2011)的相应条款要求,分析了飞机防火系统可接受的符合性方法及防火系统验证试验中可接受的判据,给出防火系统在适航审查中的技术交联与工作协调。针对防火系统所涉及的各项条款,为局方提供了适航审查工作需要关注的审定要素和评审要求。研究有助于支持民机防火系统的安全设计与适航验证。     

民用飞机甚高频通信系统适航审定技术分析

民用飞机进行可靠的空地、空空通信,对飞行安全尤为重要。甚高频(very high frequency,简称VHF)通信系统是目前应用最为广泛的航空通信方式,VHF通信系统通过与机上音频系统交联实现飞机与外部的语音通信,通过与机上数据链系统交联实现飞机与地面的数据链通信。甚高频通信系统与民用飞机的安全运行密切相关,也是适航规章和运行规章要求的内容。结合甚高频通信系统功能要求和设计架构,针对适用于甚高频通信系统的中国民用航空规章第25部：运输类飞机适航标准(CCAR-25-R4-2011)条款,分析并给出甚高频通信系统可接受的符合性方法,同时根据型号工作经验给出甚高频通信系统在适航审查中的审定要素。针对甚高频通信系统所涉及的各项条款,为局方提供了适航审查工作需要关注的审定要素和评审要求。研究有助于民机甚高频通信系统的安全设计与适航验证。     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.     

Preparation of Highly Dispersed Antimony-doped Tin Oxide Nano-powder via Ion-exchange Hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 and Azeotropic Drying

Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates have been synthesized by hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 using: (1) an ion-exchange hydrolysis to remove chlorine ions, and (2) isoamyl acetate as an azeotropic solvent to obviate water. The obtained dried powder is of high dispersivity without any need for further grinding. The size and dispersivity of the final particles are investigated with the aid of TG-DTA, BET, XRD and TEM. After having calcined, the antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowder possesses a tetragonal rutile structure with high dispersivity, uniform particles and low hard agglomeration.     

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

超声速燃烧数值模拟中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型

高精度数值模拟有助于理解超声速湍流燃烧中湍流与化学反应的相互作用,可为发动机燃烧室等工程应用设计提供可靠的预测模型。除直接数值模拟外,目前在湍流燃烧应用中使用的大涡模拟和雷诺平均Navier-Stokes模拟均需要借助模型模化发生在湍流小尺度上的流动与化学反应过程对湍流大尺度运动的影响。现有的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型大致可分为:火焰面类模型和概率密度函数类模型,2类模型在不同的应用中各自具有优势和局限性。此外,现有模型大都基于低马赫数燃烧,而超声速燃烧中通常会伴随快速混合、局部熄火和再着火以及激波等复杂过程,这为发展其中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型提出了更多的挑战。     

适于低轨卫星IP网络的单核共享树组播算法(英文)

为了解决低轨卫星IP网络中现有典型源组播算法的信道资源浪费问题,本文提出了一套单核共享树组播算法,即核心群合并共享树(CCST)和加权核心群合并共享树(w-CCST)算法。CCST 算法包括动态近似中心(DAC)选核方法和核心群合并组播路径构建方法。DAC方法专为周期、规律运动的低轨卫星网络提出,不需要复杂的星上计算。在核心群合并方法中,以核节点作为初始核心群,通过核心群和剩余组成员的最短路径方法逐步扩展直至整棵组播树构建完成,从而使得组播树的树代价最小,大大提高了网络的带宽利用率和组播传输效率。w-CCST 算法中所提出的加权因子可以调整树代价和端到端传播时延之间的折衷程度,因此,可以通过调整加权因子来适度增大树代价、降低端到端传播时延以支持某些端到端时延要求苛刻的实时组播业务。最后,与低轨卫星 IP 网络中典型算法进行了性能比较,仿真结果说明,CCST 算法的平均树代价比其它算法显著降低,w-CCST 算法的平均端到端传播时延小于 CCST 算法。     

Jet Vectoring Control Using a Novel Synthetic Jet Actuator

A primary air jet vectoring control system with a novel synthetic jet actuator (SJA) is presented and simulated numerically. The results show that, in comparison with an existing traditional synthetic jet actuator, which is able to perform the duty of either “push” or “pull”, one novel synthetic jet actuator can fulfill both “push” and “pull” functions to vector the primary jet by shifting a slide block inside it. Therefore, because the new actuator possesses greater efficiency, it has potentiality to replace the existing one in various appli- cations, such as thrust vectoring and the reduction of thermal signature. Moreover, as the novel actuator can fulfill those functions that the existing one can not, it may well be expected to popularize it into more flow control systems.     

Nonlinear Adaptive Slewing Motion Control of Spacecraft Truss Driven by Synchronous V-gimbaled CMG Precession

The slewing motion control of a truss arm driven by a V-gimbaled control-moment-gyro (CMG) is a nonlinear control problem. The V-gimbaled CMG consists of a pair of gyros that must precess synchronously. The moment of inertia of the system, the angular momentum of the gyros and the external disturbances are not exactly known. With the help of feedback linearization and recursive Lyapunov design method, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed to deal with the unknown items. Performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation.     

An SOR Implicit Time-accurate Scheme in Calculating Unsteady Flows

A new time-accurate marching scheme for unsteady flow calculations is proposed in the present work. This method is the combination of classical Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration method and Jacobian matrix diagonally dominant splitting method of LUSGS. One advantage of this algorithm is the second-order accuracy because of no factorization error. Another advantage is the low computational cost because the Jacobian matrices and fluxes are only calculated once in each physical time step. And, the SOR algorithm has better convergence property than Gauss-Seidel. To investigate its accuracy and convergency, several unsteady flow computa- tional tests are carried out by using the proposed SOR algorithm. Roe’s FDS scheme is used to discritize the inviscid flux terms. Un- steady computational results of SOR are compared with the experiment results and those of Gauss-Seidel. Results reveal that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data and the second-order accuracy can be obtained as the Gauss-Seidel for unsteady flow computations. The impact of SOR factor is investigated for unsteady computations by using different SOR factors in this algorithm to simulate each computational test. Different numbers of inner iterations are needed to converge to the same criterion for different SOR factors and optimal choice of SOR factor can improve the computational efficiency greatly.