K418激光熔覆NiCrWMo组织及耐磨性研究

为研究修复某航空叶片,采用Nb：YAG激光在K418镍基高温合金表面熔覆NiCrWMo涂层。分析了熔覆层组织,测试了熔覆层硬度。结果表明：采用自配的镍基合金粉末,在工艺参数为电流160 A、脉宽8 ms、频率4 Hz时,用激光熔覆能够实现对K418镍基高温合金损伤结构的修复,获得了表面平整、连续,微观组织细密、均匀,与基体呈良好冶金结合,硬度高于基体,无缺陷的熔覆层。     

定向凝固镍基高温合金上激光熔覆Inconel 738的裂纹敏感性研究

针对定向凝固镍基高温合金叶片的强化与修复需求,研究了在定向凝固镍基高温合金基体上激光熔覆Inconel 738的裂纹敏感性问题.在定向凝固镍基高温合金基体上激光熔覆Inconel 738合金对裂纹非常敏感,所产生的裂纹为热裂纹,由定向凝固基体晶界处引发并穿过界面向熔覆层发展;多层熔覆过程中熔覆层间也会产生热裂纹,热裂纹沿晶界纵向扩展.定向凝固高温合金基体晶界处的低熔共晶成为主要的裂纹源.严格控制激光熔覆过程中的热输入量可以显著降低裂纹敏感性.选择适当的熔覆工艺方法和参数可以在定向凝固镍基合金基体上形成良好冶金结合且无裂纹的基本保持定向凝固特性的熔覆层组织.     

激光熔覆工艺的应用

激光熔覆具有广阔的发展前景,潜力很大,经济效益可观,引起国内外广泛的关注,并投入人才物力进行研究。 航空发动机钛合金和镍基合金摩擦副的接触磨损是发动机使用和维修中的一大难题,利用激光熔覆技术则可获得优良的涂层,为燃气涡轮发动机零件的修复开创了一个新途径。该工作研究了激光表面熔覆高温耐磨涂层的激光喷涂技术,在DZ4合金基体上,喷涂CoCrW合金粉末和WC粉末的机械混合物,厚度为0.3mm,提高了高温耐磨及抗腐蚀性能,对镍基合金制造的航空发动机涡轮叶片,利用激光熔覆技术熔覆钴基合金,提高了耐热耐磨性能,与热喷镀等方法相比,缩短了涂层制备的时间,质量稳定,且消除了由热影响可     

钨极氩弧焊与激光熔覆修复的K403镍基高温合金导向器叶片组织与性能

K403镍基高温合金具有优异的室温和高温综合性能,广泛用于航空发动机涡轮叶片及导向器的制造。针对涡轮叶片长期服役于复杂工况产生的裂纹缺陷等问题,本工作先对钨极氩弧（tungsten inert gas,TIG）焊和激光熔覆两种工艺修复后的组织与拉伸性能展开对比分析,而后使用激光熔覆工艺修复叶片,并进行无损检测。利用OM、SEM观察微观组织、断口形貌,利用EDS进行相的成分分析。结果表明：TIG焊修复工艺在修复界面区附近易产生微裂纹缺陷,主要碳化物相和低熔点共晶组织引起;激光熔覆工艺修复区域的晶粒与组织更加均匀,微裂纹缺陷更易得到控制;激光熔覆工艺修复的试样综合力学性能明显高于TIG焊修复工艺的试样,且激光熔覆工艺具有较好的工艺稳定性,TIG焊修复工艺的室温拉伸强度为K403母材强度的69.22%,激光熔覆修复工艺室温抗拉强度达到了母材的87.44%,断口形貌显示修复区域的室温拉伸断口呈现出混合断裂特征,高温拉伸断口呈现出沿晶断裂的特征。修复区域的微裂纹、局部液相不足缺陷和碳化物是拉伸断裂的主要原因。激光熔覆修复工艺具有热源集中、热影响区小的优势,能够有效抑制修复区缺陷并细化微观组织,在...     

30CrMnSiA高强钢拉杆激光熔覆修复

针对飞机用30CrMnSiA高强钢拉杆的修复需求,以气雾化30CrMnSiA钢合金粉末为熔覆材料,开展激光熔覆工艺研究及拉杆修复。对比不同工艺参数对成形质量的影响,研究最优工艺下焊接接头熔覆区的组织、力学性能以及熔覆层的耐磨损性能,并采用最优工艺对拉杆受损伤部位进行修复及尺寸测量。结果表明：采用最优激光熔覆工艺,可获得与基体冶金结合良好、组织致密的熔覆层,熔覆层由呈柱状或蜂窝状的铁素体及周边的马氏体组成;接头熔覆区的显微硬度在475HV左右,高于基体约36%;熔覆接头平均抗拉强度相比母材增加约9%;耐磨性实验中,激光熔覆试样与30CrMnSiA钢锻件相比磨痕深度减小27.7%,磨痕宽度也减小35.2%,具有更好的耐磨损性能。采用最优激光熔覆工艺获得了熔覆质量良好、尺寸符合要求且基本无热变形的修复拉杆。     

TiB2／Cu激光熔覆工艺研究

激光熔覆技术中,激光的工艺参数是获得高质量熔覆层的关键因素.文章采用激光熔覆原位合成技术,通过化学分析确定预覆合金粉末的成分和配比,从分析激光与材料的相互作用入手,通过计算和试验确定了激光工艺参数,在纯铜表面原位合成Cu-TiB2复合材料.试验表明,球形TiB2 颗粒细小均匀,熔覆层与基体呈良好的冶金结合.     

激光熔覆沉积成形NbMoTaTi难熔高熵合金的组织与强度研究

通过激光熔覆沉积技术制备应用于航空航天工业的Nb Mo Ta Ti难熔高熵合金材料,通过X射线衍射判断出成形的合金晶体结构为体心立方的单相固溶体结构。高熵合金晶粒尺寸大多在2~12μm之间;平均显微硬度为397.6HV,室温抗压强度为1301.83MPa,1000℃高温抗压强度只达到347.28MPa,其原因可能与激光熔覆沉积成形Nb Mo Ta Ti高熵合金的过程中产生的气孔、未熔化/不完全熔化的Ta粉末粒子和裂纹有关,需进一步研究。     

铝青铜表面激光熔覆层组织与性能研究

采用激光熔覆技术在QAl9-4铝青铜表面熔覆了一层Ni基合金层,以提高QAl9-4铝青铜的耐磨性.为了提高QAl9-4铝青铜对激光的吸收率,实验采用少量自制的粘结剂并配合压力机将合金粉末预置在QAl9-4铝青铜表面,然后激光重熔.通过对QAl9-4铝青铜表面熔覆层组织研究分析表明:熔覆层与基体形成了良好的冶金结合,无裂纹缺陷的存在;熔覆层组织受凝固速度的影响较大,其表面组织为胞状晶,中部为发达的树枝晶,结合区上部由于基体的激冷作用而呈细晶区,细晶区以下又以树枝晶和胞状晶为主.激光熔覆层的平均硬度是QAl9-4铝青铜基体硬度的3倍多.     

300M钢激光熔覆耐磨防腐自润滑涂层温度场数值模拟研究

为了提高飞机起落架减震支柱300M超高强钢的抗磨性能,突破由于温度梯度过大诱发的激光熔覆耐磨防腐自润滑涂层裂纹等技术瓶颈,基于ANSYS软件的生死单元法编制热循环程序,考虑自润滑相和耐磨相材料热物性参数随温度的变化、相变潜热、激光熔覆过程中与外界的换热、激光熔覆功率、激光熔覆扫描速率等因素对激光熔覆过程温度场、熔池、温度梯度的影响,建立300M超高强钢激光熔覆耐磨防腐自润滑涂层温度仿真模型。结果表明:基体的熔化需要激光、熔化的粉末等综合作用使传导到该区域的有效能量达到熔化的临界值,熔化高度增加率随激光功率的增加先降低后增加,熔化高度减少率随激光扫描速率的增加先变小后变大;由于激光熔覆的不同区域温度、冷却速率差异等综合因素影响,熔覆层熔池的纵截面为勺状熔池;伴随激光功率的增加,由于熔覆层不同区域对能量输入产生的温度响应速率差异导致Z方向温度梯度值增加,且最大冷却速率增加;伴随激光扫描速率的增加,激光输入能量降低,降低了高温区域温度及激光的快速局部加热等综合影响,Z方向温度梯度值降低。通过调控激光参数,在保持熔覆层结合强度的条件下,基体熔凝区能被控制到最小,并能够降低温度梯度。     

激光熔覆成型用Ni-Cu-Sn合金粉末的制备及其成形特性

研制了适合激光熔覆成型的Ni-Cu-Sn合金粉末,通过工艺试验,分析了激光熔覆成型件的微观组织特征及微观缺陷的形成原因,并提出了预防缺陷形成的方法。     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.     

Preparation of Highly Dispersed Antimony-doped Tin Oxide Nano-powder via Ion-exchange Hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 and Azeotropic Drying

Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates have been synthesized by hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 using: (1) an ion-exchange hydrolysis to remove chlorine ions, and (2) isoamyl acetate as an azeotropic solvent to obviate water. The obtained dried powder is of high dispersivity without any need for further grinding. The size and dispersivity of the final particles are investigated with the aid of TG-DTA, BET, XRD and TEM. After having calcined, the antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowder possesses a tetragonal rutile structure with high dispersivity, uniform particles and low hard agglomeration.     

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

超声速燃烧数值模拟中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型

高精度数值模拟有助于理解超声速湍流燃烧中湍流与化学反应的相互作用,可为发动机燃烧室等工程应用设计提供可靠的预测模型。除直接数值模拟外,目前在湍流燃烧应用中使用的大涡模拟和雷诺平均Navier-Stokes模拟均需要借助模型模化发生在湍流小尺度上的流动与化学反应过程对湍流大尺度运动的影响。现有的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型大致可分为:火焰面类模型和概率密度函数类模型,2类模型在不同的应用中各自具有优势和局限性。此外,现有模型大都基于低马赫数燃烧,而超声速燃烧中通常会伴随快速混合、局部熄火和再着火以及激波等复杂过程,这为发展其中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型提出了更多的挑战。     

适于低轨卫星IP网络的单核共享树组播算法(英文)

为了解决低轨卫星IP网络中现有典型源组播算法的信道资源浪费问题,本文提出了一套单核共享树组播算法,即核心群合并共享树(CCST)和加权核心群合并共享树(w-CCST)算法。CCST 算法包括动态近似中心(DAC)选核方法和核心群合并组播路径构建方法。DAC方法专为周期、规律运动的低轨卫星网络提出,不需要复杂的星上计算。在核心群合并方法中,以核节点作为初始核心群,通过核心群和剩余组成员的最短路径方法逐步扩展直至整棵组播树构建完成,从而使得组播树的树代价最小,大大提高了网络的带宽利用率和组播传输效率。w-CCST 算法中所提出的加权因子可以调整树代价和端到端传播时延之间的折衷程度,因此,可以通过调整加权因子来适度增大树代价、降低端到端传播时延以支持某些端到端时延要求苛刻的实时组播业务。最后,与低轨卫星 IP 网络中典型算法进行了性能比较,仿真结果说明,CCST 算法的平均树代价比其它算法显著降低,w-CCST 算法的平均端到端传播时延小于 CCST 算法。     

Jet Vectoring Control Using a Novel Synthetic Jet Actuator

A primary air jet vectoring control system with a novel synthetic jet actuator (SJA) is presented and simulated numerically. The results show that, in comparison with an existing traditional synthetic jet actuator, which is able to perform the duty of either “push” or “pull”, one novel synthetic jet actuator can fulfill both “push” and “pull” functions to vector the primary jet by shifting a slide block inside it. Therefore, because the new actuator possesses greater efficiency, it has potentiality to replace the existing one in various appli- cations, such as thrust vectoring and the reduction of thermal signature. Moreover, as the novel actuator can fulfill those functions that the existing one can not, it may well be expected to popularize it into more flow control systems.     

Nonlinear Adaptive Slewing Motion Control of Spacecraft Truss Driven by Synchronous V-gimbaled CMG Precession

The slewing motion control of a truss arm driven by a V-gimbaled control-moment-gyro (CMG) is a nonlinear control problem. The V-gimbaled CMG consists of a pair of gyros that must precess synchronously. The moment of inertia of the system, the angular momentum of the gyros and the external disturbances are not exactly known. With the help of feedback linearization and recursive Lyapunov design method, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed to deal with the unknown items. Performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation.     

An SOR Implicit Time-accurate Scheme in Calculating Unsteady Flows

A new time-accurate marching scheme for unsteady flow calculations is proposed in the present work. This method is the combination of classical Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration method and Jacobian matrix diagonally dominant splitting method of LUSGS. One advantage of this algorithm is the second-order accuracy because of no factorization error. Another advantage is the low computational cost because the Jacobian matrices and fluxes are only calculated once in each physical time step. And, the SOR algorithm has better convergence property than Gauss-Seidel. To investigate its accuracy and convergency, several unsteady flow computa- tional tests are carried out by using the proposed SOR algorithm. Roe’s FDS scheme is used to discritize the inviscid flux terms. Un- steady computational results of SOR are compared with the experiment results and those of Gauss-Seidel. Results reveal that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data and the second-order accuracy can be obtained as the Gauss-Seidel for unsteady flow computations. The impact of SOR factor is investigated for unsteady computations by using different SOR factors in this algorithm to simulate each computational test. Different numbers of inner iterations are needed to converge to the same criterion for different SOR factors and optimal choice of SOR factor can improve the computational efficiency greatly.