简讯(四)

保证安全一丝不苟任宏喜李太平国航内蒙古分公司在1987年4月16日从英国宇航公司引进了四架BAel46飞机，该型飞机选装了达信集团来科明公司生产的ALF－502R发动机。飞机至今一直进行着安全飞行。今年以来更换发动机的次数创历史最高记录，1月至11月计划换发9台，非计划换发37台，共计更换发动机46台次。造成频繁更换发动机的上要原因是ALF－502R发动机设计上缺陷太多；飞机出厂已达12年之久，发动机使用时间长，功率衰减严重。今年以来ALF－502R发动机的突出故障是TGT指示高，功率小，为了不让发动机起温不得不频繁更换发动机。为了保…     

飞机进气道控制系统控制规律的灵活性及其设定

为使飞机在各种飞机状态下进气道与发动机匹配工作，进气道的可变几何形状需按一定的控制规律改变。为了提高飞机性能，飞机可能换装新型发动机；新的发动机特性将要求进气道的可变几何形状控制系统按照新的控制规律工作。本文论述了飞机的进气道控制系统控制规律的调整范围及设定控制规律的方法。这些结果，经过了一系列飞机研制的考验，证明是可行的，收到了省时、省力、节约经费的效果。     

仅调节发动机推动的应急飞行控制研究

研究并开发仅调节发动机推力大小来控制飞机航迹的增强控制模态，有效地抑制了飞机纵向的沉浮运动，侧向的荷兰滚运动，从而当飞机舵操纵系统失灵后，只调节发动机油门，使飞机安全着陆。     

基于H∞模型匹配的应急飞行控制研究

研究发当飞机常规操纵舵面失效时，通过飞机发动机推力大小来操纵飞机的飞行问题，采用H∞模型匹配的方法，设计动态补偿器，使只调节发动机推力的飞机所表现的特性与在常规舵面操纵下的飞机所表现的特性相近似,从而使飞行员能在操纵舵面失效的情况下，按常规操纵的方法通过控制飞机发动机推力来操纵飞机，实现应急控制，仿真验证了这种方法的有效性。     

基于飞机/发动机性能一体化的发动机控制规律优化设计方法研究

针对发动机控制规律的选取对飞机/发动机性能一体化设计的影响,基于飞机/发动机性能一体化设计方法,开展了发动机控制规律优化设计方法研究。从先进战斗机飞行任务出发,开展了飞机/发动机性能一体化设计方法研究,进行约束分析和任务分析,以起飞总重最低为目标优选飞机/发动机设计方案,验证了设计方法的合理性。采用飞机/发动机性能一体化设计方法,分别研究了不同节流比和不同控制规律设计对飞机/发动机性能一体化设计的影响。研究表明:在飞机/发动机性能一体化设计过程中,采用合理的发动机最大状态控制规律同时选取恰当的发动机节流比,可以有效扩大约束可行域,同时能够降低发动机的燃油消耗量,降低飞机起飞总重。     

基于机载自适应模型的航空发动机控制

航空发动机的性能蜕化会导致其性能变差，传统的控制方法使其不能满足飞机的推力需求。机载的发动机自适应模型利用卡尔曼滤波器，能准确估计发动机的性能蜕化，对机载模型进行修正使其输出与真实发动机保持一致。建立了发动机机载自适应模型，并将其加入控制回路，形成推力闭环控制，消除发动机性能蜕化对飞机性能的影响。仿真结果表明，机载模型能准确估计发动机额定特性情况以及性能蜕化情况下的推力，对发动机推力的直接控制克服了性能蜕化带来的影响。     

PW2037发动机QEC测试仪

普惠公司生产的PW2037发动机是波音757飞机的动力装置,给飞机提供推力,还给电源、液压和气源提供动力.发动机参数和动力系统都由EEC系统控制.发动机快速更换(QEC)是一项经常性的工作,每年要进行十多台次拆装.     

发动机喘振裕度自适应控制

本文研究飞行 /推进系统一体化控制中的发动机喘振裕度自适应控制。通过一定的控制作用 ,使发动机在所有飞行条件和工况下都保持一定的喘振裕度 ,从而充分发挥发动机的潜力。将发动机大偏差模型、进气道及飞机模型综合在一起 ,构成飞机 /推进系统一体化数学模型 ,以进行发动机自适应控制的仿真。计算机仿真表明 ,发动机自适应控制具有很好的性能效益 ,例如在飞行高度 H=10公里 ,飞机由 Ma=0 .65加速到 Ma=0 .90 ,在采用自适应喘振裕度控制后 ,双发动机推力提高 16 ,飞机加速时间缩短 2 3 ,大大提高了飞机性能。     

航空发动机的安装和振动控制

固定翼飞机的振动和舱内噪声水平的控制是一项挑战性的工作，是一个不可舍弃的系统性能参数。介绍振动的基础和固定翼飞机发动机的安装及能够有效地控制发动机振动和噪声的技术。     

准确把握发动机送修的最佳时机

航空发动机的维修费用在整个飞机的维护修理中占有非常重要的比例,发动机的使用成本是航空公司非常关心的话题,因为它直接影响航空公司的利润。影响发动机使用成本的有两个因素:发动机的维修费用和发动机总飞行小时。这里发动机的维修费用主要考虑大修费用,每次发动机的大修费用在不包括时寿件更换的情况下在百万美元上下,是发动机的维护费用中的主要部分。有关数据表明发动机的送修率高,其使用成本就越高。因此,控制发动机的维修成本就是合理控制发动机的大修次数,并延长装机使用时间。如何合理地确定发动机的使用和拆下送修时机,对发动机…     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.     

Preparation of Highly Dispersed Antimony-doped Tin Oxide Nano-powder via Ion-exchange Hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 and Azeotropic Drying

Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates have been synthesized by hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 using: (1) an ion-exchange hydrolysis to remove chlorine ions, and (2) isoamyl acetate as an azeotropic solvent to obviate water. The obtained dried powder is of high dispersivity without any need for further grinding. The size and dispersivity of the final particles are investigated with the aid of TG-DTA, BET, XRD and TEM. After having calcined, the antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowder possesses a tetragonal rutile structure with high dispersivity, uniform particles and low hard agglomeration.     

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

超声速燃烧数值模拟中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型

高精度数值模拟有助于理解超声速湍流燃烧中湍流与化学反应的相互作用,可为发动机燃烧室等工程应用设计提供可靠的预测模型。除直接数值模拟外,目前在湍流燃烧应用中使用的大涡模拟和雷诺平均Navier-Stokes模拟均需要借助模型模化发生在湍流小尺度上的流动与化学反应过程对湍流大尺度运动的影响。现有的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型大致可分为:火焰面类模型和概率密度函数类模型,2类模型在不同的应用中各自具有优势和局限性。此外,现有模型大都基于低马赫数燃烧,而超声速燃烧中通常会伴随快速混合、局部熄火和再着火以及激波等复杂过程,这为发展其中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型提出了更多的挑战。     

适于低轨卫星IP网络的单核共享树组播算法(英文)

为了解决低轨卫星IP网络中现有典型源组播算法的信道资源浪费问题,本文提出了一套单核共享树组播算法,即核心群合并共享树(CCST)和加权核心群合并共享树(w-CCST)算法。CCST 算法包括动态近似中心(DAC)选核方法和核心群合并组播路径构建方法。DAC方法专为周期、规律运动的低轨卫星网络提出,不需要复杂的星上计算。在核心群合并方法中,以核节点作为初始核心群,通过核心群和剩余组成员的最短路径方法逐步扩展直至整棵组播树构建完成,从而使得组播树的树代价最小,大大提高了网络的带宽利用率和组播传输效率。w-CCST 算法中所提出的加权因子可以调整树代价和端到端传播时延之间的折衷程度,因此,可以通过调整加权因子来适度增大树代价、降低端到端传播时延以支持某些端到端时延要求苛刻的实时组播业务。最后,与低轨卫星 IP 网络中典型算法进行了性能比较,仿真结果说明,CCST 算法的平均树代价比其它算法显著降低,w-CCST 算法的平均端到端传播时延小于 CCST 算法。     

Jet Vectoring Control Using a Novel Synthetic Jet Actuator

A primary air jet vectoring control system with a novel synthetic jet actuator (SJA) is presented and simulated numerically. The results show that, in comparison with an existing traditional synthetic jet actuator, which is able to perform the duty of either “push” or “pull”, one novel synthetic jet actuator can fulfill both “push” and “pull” functions to vector the primary jet by shifting a slide block inside it. Therefore, because the new actuator possesses greater efficiency, it has potentiality to replace the existing one in various appli- cations, such as thrust vectoring and the reduction of thermal signature. Moreover, as the novel actuator can fulfill those functions that the existing one can not, it may well be expected to popularize it into more flow control systems.     

Nonlinear Adaptive Slewing Motion Control of Spacecraft Truss Driven by Synchronous V-gimbaled CMG Precession

The slewing motion control of a truss arm driven by a V-gimbaled control-moment-gyro (CMG) is a nonlinear control problem. The V-gimbaled CMG consists of a pair of gyros that must precess synchronously. The moment of inertia of the system, the angular momentum of the gyros and the external disturbances are not exactly known. With the help of feedback linearization and recursive Lyapunov design method, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed to deal with the unknown items. Performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation.     

An SOR Implicit Time-accurate Scheme in Calculating Unsteady Flows

A new time-accurate marching scheme for unsteady flow calculations is proposed in the present work. This method is the combination of classical Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration method and Jacobian matrix diagonally dominant splitting method of LUSGS. One advantage of this algorithm is the second-order accuracy because of no factorization error. Another advantage is the low computational cost because the Jacobian matrices and fluxes are only calculated once in each physical time step. And, the SOR algorithm has better convergence property than Gauss-Seidel. To investigate its accuracy and convergency, several unsteady flow computa- tional tests are carried out by using the proposed SOR algorithm. Roe’s FDS scheme is used to discritize the inviscid flux terms. Un- steady computational results of SOR are compared with the experiment results and those of Gauss-Seidel. Results reveal that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data and the second-order accuracy can be obtained as the Gauss-Seidel for unsteady flow computations. The impact of SOR factor is investigated for unsteady computations by using different SOR factors in this algorithm to simulate each computational test. Different numbers of inner iterations are needed to converge to the same criterion for different SOR factors and optimal choice of SOR factor can improve the computational efficiency greatly.