多孔氧化铝陶瓷晶粒异向生长机理研究

采用直接发泡法制备多孔氧化铝陶瓷,研究了在1550℃烧结温度下Mg(NO3)2及TiO2对氧化铝陶瓷晶粒生长的影响机理,提出两个氧化铝陶瓷晶粒异向生长模型。结果表明:Mg(NO3)2对氧化铝晶体生长有抑制作用,而TiO2对氧化铝晶体生长有促进作用,同时采用Mg(NO3)和颗粒状TiO2作为烧结助剂能够促使氧化铝晶粒异向生长;并且在氩气气氛中1550℃烧结时,多孔氧化铝陶瓷晶粒各向异性生长更为显著。     

有序多孔磁性碳化硅陶瓷的制备

采用聚二甲基硅烷(PDMS)和二茂铁合成了聚铁碳硅烷(PFCS).以有序氧化硅凝胶小球为模板、PFCS作先驱体,经过先驱体的渗入、不熔化、陶瓷转化和除去模板,制得氮气吸附法(BET)比表面积为703.46 m2/g的有序多孔含铁碳化硅SiC(Fe) 性陶瓷.     

Al2O3-ZrO2-MgAl2O4三元纳米复相陶瓷的微观组织和力学性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备Al2O3-ZrO2-MgAl2O4纳米复合粉体.利用真空热压烧结技术制备了Al2O3-30mol%ZrO2-30mol%MgAl2O4(AZ30S30)三元纳米复相陶瓷.微观组织研究表明:所得纳米复相陶瓷是一种典型的"晶间/晶内"复合型纳米结构,基体氧化铝和第二相均为等轴状,氧化铝晶间散布着氧化锆和尖晶石第二相晶粒,同时有大量的球形氧化锆小颗粒分散在基体氧化铝晶粒内.对不同晶粒尺度复相陶瓷的断裂韧性测试及纳米压痕实验表明:微米级复相陶瓷的最大硬度为22GPa,而纳米复相陶瓷具有更好的力学性能,其硬度随着晶粒尺寸的减小而增加,最大可达35GPa.微米级复相陶瓷的断裂韧性为8.9MPa·m1/2,而纳米复相陶瓷的断裂韧性为10.04MPa·m1/2,其增韧机理主要为ZrO2相变复合增韧、"内晶"型纳米颗粒韧化以及细晶韧化.     

浆料固相含量对多孔氮化硅陶瓷结构和性能的影响

以琼脂糖作为凝胶物质,采用凝胶注模工艺制备了多孔氮化硅陶瓷,通过改变浆料的固相含量,制备了不同性能的多孔氮化硅陶瓷.结果表明,随着浆料的固相含量从35vol％增加到45vol％,材料的气孔率从57.6％减小至40.8％,弯曲强度从96 MPa增加到178 MPa;大量的长棒状β-Si3N4晶粒从孔壁上生长出来,将气孔填充,其生长方式为溶解-沉淀-析出与气-液-固两种生长机制协同作用的结果.长棒状的氮化硅晶须和恰当的界面结合强度是多孔氮化硅陶瓷具有较高强度的主要原因.     

三维网络碳化硅多孔陶瓷的制备

以中间相沥青添加55%(质量分数,下同)的Si粉混合物为原料,制备了含Si的炭泡沫模板。在高温反应烧结炉中,氩气气氛下1500℃保温1～6h,结合反应烧结工艺制备了碳化硅多孔陶瓷。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线衍射分析仪(XRD)对碳化硅多孔陶瓷的微观形貌、物相组成进行了观察,并对熔融Si与C的反应机理进行了探讨。结果表明:碳化硅多孔陶瓷的微观结构与炭泡沫模板的微观结构一致,烧结温度1500℃下,随着保温时间的延长,多孔陶瓷的弯曲强度先增大后减小,而孔隙率先减小后增大;在保温4h的条件下制备的碳化硅多孔陶瓷主要由β-SiC相组成,最大弯曲强度为26.2MPa,对应的孔隙率为45%。内部熔融的Si与外部熔融的Si同时与C反应生成SiC,最后两者结合在一起形成致密的SiC多孔陶瓷。     

聚合物先驱体转化法制备多孔陶瓷的研究进展

聚合物转化陶瓷(polymer derived ceramics,PDCs)制备技术简单,烧结温度低,可设计性强,40年来得到了极大的发展。本文综述了多孔PDCs的研究进展,包括模板法、发泡法、冷冻铸造技术、增材制造技术等制备方法;此外,还对陶瓷前驱体如聚碳硅烷、聚硅氧烷、聚硅氮烷等分子侧链设计以调整陶瓷产物的组成、微结构、力学性能等的研究现状进行了综述;提出未来发展的方向是增材制造技术制备多孔 PDCs及陶瓷前驱体分子层面的设计。     

SiC 多孔陶瓷的仿生合成

生物拟态SiC陶瓷以硅溶胶浸渍木材模板或其碳模板结合碳热还原法制备,模板不同的显微结构对SiC多孔陶瓷的仿生合成具有显著影响.结果表明:浸渍效果取决于模板的显气孔率、孔径大小及分布均匀性.松木的浸渍效果最好,经1次浸渍,松木模板及其碳模板的增重率分别为66.5wt％和76.8wt％.经3次浸溃—煅烧循环,松木的增重率为156.8％,累积SiO2吸收量远高于柚木和连香木.模板的显微结构、循环次数、煅烧温度影响陶瓷化程度,经3次浸渍—煅烧(1 600℃)循环,由松木生成的C/SiC模板中残碳率仅为15wt％,低于由柚木或连香木生成C/SiC模板的1/3.1 600℃煅烧4次循环后,由松木模板生成的SiC多孔陶瓷中残碳率接近零,碳细胞壁转变成SiC多孔陶瓷细胞壁,其孔隙率为71 vol％.     

淀粉对氧化铝基陶瓷型芯性能的影响

为了解决氧化铝基陶瓷型芯不易脱芯的难题,加入一定量的淀粉作为成孔剂。以白刚玉粉为基体材料、石蜡和蜂蜡为增塑剂、二氧化硅粉和氧化镁粉为矿化剂,采用热压注法制备氧化铝基陶瓷型芯;制备工艺参数如下：浆料温度为90℃、热压注压力为0.5 MPa、保压时间为25 s;研究不同淀粉加入量对氧化铝基陶瓷型芯性能的影响。结果表明：在烧结过程中,样品中淀粉的烧失,增大了氧化铝基陶瓷型芯内部的孔隙率;随着淀粉加入量的增加,氧化铝基陶瓷型芯的室温抗弯强度降低、显气孔率增大、溶失性增大、体积密度减小;经1560℃烧结2.5 h后,淀粉加入量为8%的氧化铝基陶瓷型芯综合性能最好,其室温抗弯强度为24.8 MPa、显气孔率为47.98%、溶失性为1.92 g/h、体积密度为1.88 g/cm3。     

单体与交联剂比例对凝胶注模成型多孔氮化硅性能的影响

利用凝胶注模成型工艺,在固定单体交联荆总质量的情况下,改变单体与交联剂的质量比例,制备出不同单体与交联剂比例的多孔氮化硅陶瓷.借助扫描电子显微镜、Archimedes法和三点弯曲法等方法研究了单体与交联剂比例对多孔氮化硅陶瓷的微观结构和基本力学性能的影响.结果表明,随着单体与交联剂比例的增大,试样的干燥收缩率增大;当单体与交联剂比例≥15时,试样排胶后出现开裂现象;当单体与交联剂比例<15时,随着单体与交联剂比例增大,烧成后的试样强度呈增大的趋势.     

单分散氧化铝陶瓷粉体的制备及表征

以硫酸铝、尿素为主要原料,采用均匀沉淀法制备氧化铝前驱体,经高温煅烧制备出优质氧化铝陶瓷微粉.通过系统研究反应温度、分散剂对氧化铝陶瓷粉体的粒度、粒度分布及形貌的影响,为制备单分散氧化铝粉提供了理论依据.结果表明:在最佳实验条件下制备的氧化铝陶瓷粉体平均粒径较小(D1/2=1.60μm),粒度分布范围窄(σ=0.93mm),粉末呈球形规则形貌,且无明显团聚现象,近似呈单分散状态,是较理想的氧化铝陶瓷原料.     

有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计难点问题

有翼高超声速再入飞行器是近年来的研究热点,气动设计是飞行器设计的关键。为了更清楚地认识有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计的难点问题,对有翼高超声速再入飞行器的发展、优势及总体任务剖面进行了介绍,从5个方面详细介绍了该类飞行器气动设计的难点问题,包括多约束复杂面对称气动布局设计、高温真实气体效应对气动特性影响、天地差异与天地换算方法、反作用控制系统(RCS)喷流干扰对气动特性的影响以及气动数据不确定度等,简要阐明了这些难点问题对总体设计的重要性以及初步的解决思路,为有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计提供了一些参考。     

Simulation and Analysis of Crashworthiness of Fuel Tank for Helicopters

Crashworthiness requirement of fuel tanks is one of the important requirements in helicopter designs. The relations among the protection frame, textile layer and rubber layer of the fuel tank are introduced. Two appropriate FE models are established, one is for an uncovered helicopter fuel tank without protection frame, and the other is for fuel tank with protection frame. The dynamic responses of the two types of fuel tanks impinging on the ground with velocities of 17.3 m/s are numerically simulated for the purpose of analyzing energy-absorbing capabilities of the textile layer and protection frame. The feasibility of the current crashworthiness design of the fuel tank is examined though comparing the dynamic response behaviors of the two fuel tanks.     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

突破技术趋同，波音再现竞争优势

 波音公司面临着来自空客公司的巨大挑战,企业战略性创新才是公司成功的关键。为此波音公司的全部战略性研究集中在扩大产品的差异性上,体现在3个方面：电子化（e-Enabled）运营环境、整体复合材料机身部件的制造技术和支持波音787客机的全球协同环境（GCE）。     

临近空间飞行器测控与信息传输系统频段选择

 临近空间飞行器是高性能信息化武器平台,测控（TT&;C）与信息传输系统是其信息保障的核心,而选择合理、可行的频段是展开系统设计的前提和基础。频段选择影响到整个技术方案的制定,是一个需综合考虑、影响深远并具有战略意义的关键问题,从国际电联（ITU）国际标准、高速数传、接收信噪比（SNR）、“三抗”、超视距中继、黑障、雨衰以及设备研制成熟度8个方面全面、细致论证了近空间平台测控系统的频段选择问题,最终得出在视距链路中以Ka频段为宜,在超视距链路中以Ku/Ka双频段为宜的结论。     

基于弯曲激波压缩系统的高超声速进气道反设计研究进展

总结了近十年来弯曲激波压缩研究的主要成果。提出了弯曲激波压缩系统的新概念,即利用特殊设计的楔形弯曲压缩面或空间弯曲压缩面,产生一系列与前缘弱激波相互交汇或叠加的压缩波系,从而使前缘激波弯曲,形成特殊的弯曲激波,它与波后的等熵压缩波来共同完成对气流的压缩。在此基础上,实现了由给定出口气动参数的超声速内流道反设计,实现了由给定压缩面压力分布和给定压缩面马赫数分布要求的型面反设计,实现了由给定激波波面的压缩型面反设计。研究证明,弯曲压缩面-弯曲激波压缩系统具有良好的综合气动性能,为高性能高超声速进气系统的气动设计提供了一种全新的设计方法。     

Experimental Study on Effects of Fuel Injection on Scramjet Combustor Performance

In order to investigate the effects of fuel injection distribution on the scramjet combustor performance, there are conducted three sets of test on a hydrocarbon fueled direct-connect scramjet test facility. The results of Test A, whose fuel injection is carried out with injectors located on the top-wall and the bottom-wall, show that the fuel injection with an appropriate close-front and centralized distribution would be of much help to optimize combustor performances. The results of Test B, whose fuel injection is performed at the optimal injection locations found in Test A, with a given equivalence ratio and different injection proportions for each injector, show that this injection mode is of little benefit to improve combustor performances. The results of Test C with a circumferential fuel injection distribution displaies the possibility of ameliorating combustor performance. By analyzing the effects of injection location parameters on combustor performances on the base of the data of Test C, it is clear that the injector location has strong coupled influences on combus- tor performances. In addition, an inner-force synthesis specific impulse is used to reduce the errors caused by the disturbance of fuel supply and working state of air heater while assessing combustor performances.     

(高)超声速流动试验技术及研究进展

近年来,与高速飞行器相关的(高)超声速流动受到了极大的关注。这类流动所具有的非定常性、强梯度和可压缩性对试验方法和风洞设计技术提出了挑战。超声速纳米示踪平面激光散射(NPLS)技术是由作者所在团队研发的非接触光学测试技术。它能够以较高的空间分辨率来揭示超声速三维流场的一个瞬态剖面的时间解析的流动结构。介绍了NPLS技术以及基于NPLS开发的密度场测量、雷诺应力测量和气动光学波前测量等方法,并回顾了这些技术在超声速边界层、超声速混合层、超声速压缩拐角、激波/边界层相互作用和光学头罩绕流等流动中的应用,清晰地再现了边界层、混合层、激波等典型流场结构及其时空演化特性。另外,为了模拟和研究高空大气条件下边界层自然转捩和超声速混合层的转捩特性,介绍了高超声速静风洞、超-超混合层风洞的设计技术以及层流化喷管的设计方法。     

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.