复杂外形网格生成技术

复杂外形网格生成是进行流场数值模拟的一个关键技术及前提。本文论述了采用保角变换方法,求解偏微分方程方法以及它们在代数方法结合生成二维及三维具有多块网格结构的贴体且与边界正交网格的技术。     

大展弦比飞机翼身Euler绕流计算

给出了用Ｅｕｌｅｒ方程对大展弦比翼身组合体绕流的数值模拟，将Ｋｒｏｌｌ的求解欧拉方程的有限体积法，推广到求解机翼机身流动问题，基本思想是使用保角变换、代数变换和椭圆方程变换混合方法生成机翼机身贴体网格。     

进气道内外三维跨声速流场的计算

本文用守恒型全速势方程模拟进气道内外的三维跨声速流场，并用高效ＡＦ２近似因式分解格式进行迭代求解，计算网格用近似保角变换法生成，文中还给出了带中心锥和不中心锥几种进气道流场的计算结果，以及与实验结果的比较。     

多重网格法求二元跨声速流在一种半自适应网格上的欧拉解

本文采用MacCormack两步显式格式,用有限体积法求解了二元跨声速欧拉流。推导了物面边界条件,采用了特征远场边界条件及远场环量修正。利用保角变换方法生成O型贴体网格,并修改得到了一种在激波处局部加密的半自适应贴体网格。采用多重网格及焓阻尼加速收敛技术计算了NACA0012翼型的跨声速气动特性,得到了十分满意的收敛过程和计算结果。     

用N－S方程计算翼型非定常粘性大攻角绕流

本文给出了用ＮＳ方程对翼型非定常粘性大攻角绕流的数值模拟。控制方程为二级时均可压缩完全ＮＳ方程；湍流模型采用双层代数涡粘性模型￣［１］。使用近似因式分解ＡＤＩ差分格式离散求解，网格是用保角变换方法生成的相对翼型固定的Ｃ型网格。本文给出两类典型非定常绕流数值模拟结果：翼型过失速常攻角周期流动和大攻角强迫俯仰谐振非定常绕流。并与国外的实验和计算结果进行了比较，表明了本方法准确、高效的特点。     

用N—S方程计算翼型非定常粘性大攻角绕流

本文给出了用ＮＳ方程对翼型非定常粘性大攻角绕流的数值模拟。控制方程为二维时均可压缩完全ＮＳ方程；湍流模型采用双层代数涡粘性模型。使用近似因式分解ＡＤＩ差分格式离散求解，网格是用保角变换方法生成的相对翼型固定的Ｃ型网格。本文给出两类典型非定常绕流数值模拟结果：翼型过失速常攻角周期流动和大攻角强迫俯仰谐振非定常绕流。并与国外的实验和计算结果进行了比较，表明了本方法准确、高效的特点。     

跨声速操纵面嗡鸣的数值研究

我国的一些高速歼击机，在飞行中曾多次出现操纵面嗡鸣问题，它严重影响了飞机的性能和飞行安全，本文采用数值计算方法，对此问题做较深入的分析和研究。气动力计算采用Ｎａｖｉｅｒ－Ｓｔｏｋｅｓ方程，并采用ＬＵ－ＴＶＤ混合差分格式求解由此气动力解操纵面的弹性振动方程，求出现嗡鸣的Ｍ数及振动的频率、振幅等参数。计算中采用Ｂ－Ｌ代数湍流模型，网格生成采用代数方法及保角变换方法，文中讨论了隐式算法在非定常气动力计算     

一种适用于飞行器复杂外形的表面与空间网格生成方法

本文通过建立反映机身横截面外形特征的控制点概念，及在控制点间分配网格点数方式，给出了一种非常实用、交互式的表面网格生成方法，所生成的网格失真度小，物体保形好，生成适用于CFD计算需要的表面网络花费的时间少，适用性强。基于无限插值理论，引入本文提出的网格正交控制、物面法向量控制、加权平均光顺措施，给出了一种改进的空间网格生成方法，有效克服了传统无限插值网格生成方法在复杂外形网格生成方面的缺陷，有效改善了网格的法向疏密性、贴体性及周向网格的均匀性，对真实飞行器部件网格生成非常迅速。以某飞行器复杂机身表面与空间网格生成，及无人机翼身组合体空间网格生成为例，检验了本文网格生成方法的实用性和有效性。     

任意翼型有小分离气泡跨音速绕流的迭代算法

 本文给出一种带小分离气泡的任意翼型粘性跨音速绕流的计算方法,采用有粘-无粘干扰迭代的概念。无粘流的全速势方程用AF差分格式在保角变换法生成的计算网格中求解,粘流附面层方程用C-S盒式法求解,用逆算法消除分离点处的奇性。本文对Ma_∞=0.8,Re_∞=2×10~6,迎角α=3.5°和4°的NACA64A010翼型粘性绕流进行了计算,结果与实验相比较,吻合良好。     

非结构网格生成技术的研究

本文描述了非结构网格生成的过程。在生成方法上综合Ｄｅｌａｕｎｅｙ和Ａｄｖａｎｃｉｎｇ Ｆｒｏｎｔ两种方法之长，构造了新的网格生成方法，使非结构网格生成更方便、快捷。网格生成过程分三个部分：１．表面网格的构造和最佳逼近；２．辅助点的生成与确定；３．空间四面体网格的生成。使用上述方法，本文构造限复杂构形物体的非结构网格。     

直升机燃油系统地面模拟试验中试验台转角与油面角的关系

为了在直升机燃油系统地面模拟试验中准确地模拟油面角，本文介绍了试验台转角与油面角的关系，并给出了转换结果，同时，提出了一种用油箱内增压来模拟过载的设想，使在模拟试验时，油泵供油更趋真实，通过简化计算，给出了确定气压力的方法和判断依据。     

Detection of chi-square fluctuating targets in arbitrary clutter

In a recent paper, general expressions were derived for the density and cumulative probability functions of the amplitude of a linear matched-filter output given a nonfluctuating target in a clutter-limited environment. These expressions were based on the clutter amplitude density function. The results are extended to calculate the cumulative probability function of the output of a linear matched filter used to detect a chi-square fluctuating target in a clutter-limited environment. The resulting method is applied to a common radar clutter model, and experimental sonar data.     

Optimum FFT-based frequency acquisition with application toCOSPAS-SARSAT

In the case of a single sinusoid or multiple well-separated sinusoids, a coarse estimator consisting of a windowed Fourier transform followed by a fine estimator which is an interpolator is a good approximation to an optimal frequency acquisition and measurement algorithm. The design tradeoffs are described. It is shown that for the fine-frequency estimator a good method is to fit a Gaussian function to the fast-Fourier-transform (FFT) peak and its two neighbors. This method achieves a frequency standard deviation and a bias in the order of only a few percent of a bin. In the case of short-time stationarity, for a moderate number of averages and for an adaptive threshold detector, only between 0.5 and 1 dB is lost when averaging is traded off for FFT length, in contrast to the asymptotic result of 1.5 dB. The COSPAS-SARSAT satellite system for emergency detection and localization is used to illustrate the concepts. The algorithm is analyzed theoretically, and good agreement is found with test results     

Interference torque of a three-floated gyroscope with gas-lubricated bearings subject to a sudden change of the specific force

A numerical study is carried out to investigate the influence of a sudden change of the specific force on a three-floated gyroscope with a rotor supported on gas-lubricated bearings.The interference torque is calculated to evaluate the influence by modeling the transient behavior of the rotor-bearing system. In combination with dynamic equations of the rotor displacement,the Reynolds equation is solved on the surface of spiral-grooved conical bearings. It is assumed that a steady state has been obtained with a constant specific force, and then the specific force is suddenly changed and maintained constant after that. Responses of the sudden change are obtained by solving the equations. Numerical results show that the direction of the sudden change of the specific force is the main factor which influences the interference torque curve. With a sudden change along the input direction, the interference torque fluctuation has a constant frequency and a decreasing amplitude. With a sudden change along the output direction, the interference torque fluctuates in a small range. With a sudden change along the spin direction, the change of the interference torque combines a fluctuation and a gradually-changing quasi-equilibrium value. This study provides a supplement to the steady-state error model of the three-floated gyroscope.     

用于雷达波形的无损压缩编码

讨论了用算术编码实现波形数据的无损压缩。对波形数据进行无损压缩时 ,如果把每个可能的样本值看作一个符号 ,符号表会非常庞大 ,导致算法不可行。基于这种原因 ,本文用一个符号表示一定范围内波形数据 ,而不是单个波形数据 ,然后在此基础上设计了一种编码方案。先是无损线性预测 ,去除了波形数据之间的相关性。并假定产生的差值序列具有白功率谱 ,幅度服从高斯分布 ,第二步是算术编码。最后给出了对雷达回波数据进行压缩的实验结果。     

A Study of Pilot Reaction Capability to Sound Stimulus

An experiment is described which was used to evaluate a typical pilot's ability to activate a switch in response to a sound stimulus. Regularly spaced voice countdown, irregular voice countdown, initiation of a tone, and termination of a tone were each used as the stimulus. The individual under test was given a task similar to that involved in maintaining accurate flight conditions to occupy his attention. The regular voice countdown is shown to be least accurate in defining the switching time, providing a mean delay of approximately -0.09 second (actually a stimulus anticipation) and a standard deviation of a bit more than 0.2 second. In each of the other cases, a mean delay of approximately 0.25 second and a standard deviation of approximately 0.09 second were obtained. This compares favorably with previous experimental results.     

液体冲压发动机控制系统半实物仿真

运用小偏离线性化理论和Willoh方法，建立了液体冲压发动机和弹体动态数学模型。动态数学模型在微型计算上一体化运行，形成液体冲压发动机／弹体一体化实时数字仿真器。实时数字仿真器通过输入输出接口与液体冲压发动机的实际控制系统进行联接，组成液体冲压发动机、弹性和发动机控制系统半实物仿真系统。对冲压发动机飞行马赫数和控制 系统供油量的半实物仿真结果表明，系统能满足研制工作的需要。     

Attitude control of a satellite with redundant thrusters

Redundant thrusters are generally used for a reliable attitude control system. Also, redundant thrusters yield a better performance if they are used appropriately. In this paper, the authors propose an efficient redundancy management algorithm to reduce the fuel consumption. The algorithm is based on a linear programming problem which is a constrained optimization problem. For the algorithm, a cost function is defined as a quantity related to the fuel consumption for a maneuver. The independent variables are the thrusters' on-times which are control input variables of a satellite dynamic model. The advantage of the proposed method is verified by numerical examples. The examples show that the proposed method consumes less fuel than an existing method for a given maneuvering command. A sub-optimal algorithm is also discussed for an onboard computation. The proposed algorithm is applied to two maneuvers: move-to-rest and rest-to-rest. This is verified by a numerical simulation.     

Composite control method for stabilizing spacecraft attitude in terms of Rodrigues parameters

In this paper, the attitude stabilization problem of a rigid spacecraft described by Rodrigues parameters is investigated via a composite control strategy, which combines a feedback control law designed by a finite time control technique with a feedforward compensator based on a linear disturbance observer (DOB) method. By choosing a suitable coordinate transformation, the spacecraft dynamics can be divided into three second-order subsystems. Each subsystem includes a certain part and an uncertain part. By using the finite time control technique, a continuous finite time controller is designed for the certain part. The uncertain part is considered to be a lumped disturbance, which is estimated by a DOB, and a corresponding feedforward design is then implemented to compensate the disturbance. Simulation results are employed to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed approach.     

A comparative study on acoustic damping induced by half-wave, quarter-wave, and Helmholtz resonators

The damping characteristics of three-type resonators, a half-wave, a quarter-wave, and a Helmholtz resonator are studied experimentally by adopting linear acoustic test. A quantitative acoustic property of sound absorption coefficient in a model enclosure with the resonators is measured and thereby, the acoustic-damping capacity of a resonator is characterized. For a comparative study on acoustic damping, the damping capacity of a half-wave resonator is compared with that of the other resonators. A half-wave and a quarter-wave resonators have the same damping mechanism, but a quarter-wave resonator has much larger damping capacity than a half-wave resonator with the same diameter of a single resonator. It is found that shorter length of a resonator has the advantage of longer one with respect to the damping capacity. The damping capacity of a Helmholtz resonator increases with cavity volume and does as the orifice length decreases. A Helmholtz resonator has the highest damping capacity of three-type resonators and a half-wave resonator has the lowest. Besides, a Helmholtz resonator requires the smallest number of resonators for optimal damping. The design criterion of each resonator on the optimal damping is provided by the normalized parameter of open-area ratio and the similarity behavior for the optimal damping is observed for various enclosure diameters.