Optimal and Suboptimal Perfomance of a PCM/FM Communication System

Theoretical results are presented on probability of error in the detection of binary FM signals for various frequency deviations with fixed bit rate, restricted predetection filter bandwidth, ideal limiterdiscriminator reception, and integrate-and-dump postdetection filter decision. The results show that suboptimal system performance can be achieved by choosing the largest possible value of deviation index which lies approximately at 0.7 + 2n, where n = 0, 1,...,k. k is determined by the reconstructability of signal after the bandpass filter.     

Performance of Digital FM Systems in a Fading Environment

This paper investigates the effects of fading and predetection diversity on the error-rate performance of digital FM discriminator systems. Results are presented in graphs showing the relative improvement of the error rate for several types of diversity, and are compared with the well-known FSK systems. It is also shown that an optimum modulation index giving the minimum attainable probability of error for narrowband digital FM is not affected by the effect of fading, carrier-to-noise ratio, or the types and order of diversity.     

High-Resolution, Radar Coherent Linear FM Microwave Source

The microwave CLFM study was directed to generating 14 ?s S-band pulses of 1000 MHz bandwidth and an rms phase error of a few degrees. Over 972 MHz bandwidth, the sampled phase error relative to the reference was 7 degrees rms and 17 degrees peak, with a maximum Fourier component of 4 degrees. The FM pulse train is generated by a gated BWO driven by a stable linearizing waveform. Phase coherency during each pulse is obtained by a sampling technique, where the phase is corrected at intervals of 1/6 ?s, the RF phase having changed an integral number of cycles in each interval. Multiplication of the BWO signal by the sampling pulse train results in band-limited phase error pulses which are applied in a feedback loop. Pulse-to-pulse coherency is obtained by phase lock of the BWO starting frequency to the crystal reference. Feedback leveling holds the output constant to 0.3 dB. The basic MITRE technique was originally demonstrated at 10 MHz in 1964. Range results measured with the X-band model radar using the CLFM generator are given and confirm the phase errors of the CLFM.     

False-Lock Detection in Costas Demodulators

False lock occurs in Costas demodulators with sweep frequency acquisition because sideband energy is detected in the data channel. It is shown that utilizing the data and error channels to make the lock decision will prevent false lock from occurring.     

飞机电静液作动器滑模 PID控制器设计

在多电飞机应用环境中,由于电静液作动器（Electro Hydrostatic Actuator,以下简称EHA）系统本身的强非线性与承载交变动载荷的不确定性,简单PID控制无法达到理想控制效果。提出了滑模 PID复合控制,电机电流环和转速环构成控制系统内环,以PI控制器实现电机调速;作动筒位置环为外环,以滑模控制提升系统的快速性和鲁棒性。建立了EHA数学模型,并设计了滑模控制器结构。仿真结果表明,滑模 PID复合控制方法能有效地消除超调和减小跟随误差,实现对EHA位置的精确控制。     

一种变输入参数结构的多控制器协调工作设计

1引言随着航空发动机的发展,其控制系统的复杂程度不断提高[1],多个控制器组成的控制系统中,各个控制器如何协调工作的问题已越来越突出[2,3]。通过对具体航空发动机控制系统的仿真,发现问题主要集中在两个方面,一是备份控制器接替工作时其累积的输出误差很大,在短时间内无法迅     

ECCM capabilities of an ultrawideband bandlimited random noise imaging radar

Investigated here is high-resolution imaging of targets in noisy or unfriendly radar environments through a simulation analysis of the ultrawideband (UWB) continuous-wave (CW) bandlimited random noise waveform. The linear FM chirp signal was selected as a benchmark radar waveform for comparison purposes. Simulation of the recovery of various types of target reflectivity functions (TRFs) for these waveforms were performed and analyzed. In addition, electronic counter-countermeasure (ECCM) capabilities for both types of systems were investigated. The results are compared using the error between the interference (jamming)-free recovered TRF and the recovered TRF under noisy conditions as a function of the signal-to-interference/jamming ratio (SIR/SJR). Our analysis shows that noise waveforms possess better jamming immunity (of the order of 5-10 dB improvement over the linear FM chirp) due to the unique radar correlation processing in the receiver.     

New approach for suppression of FM jamming in GPS receivers

A new approach is proposed for the suppression of FM jammers in C/A code GPS receivers. This approach is based on the cascading of the augmented-state approximate conditional mean (ASACM) filter and the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) filter. An ASACM filter for single interference suppression in spread-spectrum systems has been reported in the recent literature. However, the formulation of the ASACM filter and its performance analysis is lacking in the case of suppression of multiple FM interferences. The ASACM filter is formulated here for the suppression of multiple FM jammers. Further, a DWT filter using biorthogonal wavelet is suggested for the suppression of FM jammers. Finally, these two filters are cascaded to get an optimum performance for higher jammer to signal ratio, which is of importance in the GPS, for the case of suppression of multiple FM jammers. The performance of the proposed filters is analyzed through simulation examples for the suppression of single and multiple FM jammers in GPS receivers     

飞行器伺服回路的变结构设计

 根据变结构系统（VSS）理论对某飞行器伺服回路进行了变结构设计,给出了控制器设计的详尽步骤,设计方法几何意义直观,在IBM4341机上通过了数字仿真,给出了仿真框图;与原伺服回路的控制性能进行了比较。仿真表明,VSS比传统普通控制系统具有以下几个突出的优点:（1）快速、无超调、无稳态误差;（2）对系统参数交化具有鲁棒性;（3）对外界干扰具有鲁棒性。     

Stabilized Linear FM Generator

A technique for generating high-linearity chirp (linear FM) signals is presented. It uses a delay line and mixer to sense the slope of the output of a swept oscillator, and the difference from desired slope is fed back to correct the oscillator frequency. The technique also improves the coherence of the oscillator. An analysis is performed of the amount of linearization that can be achieved for three possible loop configurations. Experimental results are presented of tests run on a backward wave oscillator (BWO) operating over a bandwidth of 240 MHz with time duration of 120 ?s. The results indicate a linearity corresponding to a phase error (from parabolic) of 30 degrees (peak) and coherence within 5 degrees.     

Analysis of an all-digital data-transition tracking loop

An all-digital implementation of the data-transition tracking loop (DTTL) is proposed and analyzed. The input waveform is assumed to be nonreturn-to-zero (NRZ)-coded binary signals. The mathematical analysis of the loop is reduced to the study of a Markov chain which allows the derivation of expressions for the mean square phase error, steady-state probabilities, transient behavior (time to acquire and time to bit slippage), and bit error rate (BER). Theoretical results have been validated using a computer simulation of the loop. The all-digital implementation can take full advantage of advanced technology in memory and processing speeds     

基于提前停止判决的编码软信息辅助载波同步

 针对目前编码辅助载波同步算法中复杂度较高、延时大的问题,提出了引入辅助停止判决机制的编码辅助载波同步算法。在现有的编码辅助载波同步结构基础上,该算法能对环路信噪比(SNR)进行实时判定,在环路SNR满足限定条件后提前停止编码辅助载波同步迭代,而不影响译码性能。采用新的相位估计方式估计含相位噪声的载波相位,提升了该条件下的环路信噪比。仿真采用码率为1/2的低密度奇偶校验(LDPC)码作为编码方式,结果表明:在误码率为10^-5时,该算法减少了约50%的编码辅助载波同步迭代次数;在含相位噪声的信号条件下,与理想解调译码相比,性能损失不超过0.15 dB。     

飞行器横滚运动的优化方法

引言 轴对称飞行器为了产生一个适合导引规律的空间法向力,在其三通道的飞行控制系统中有一个通道的功用是使横滚运动保持稳定。无坐标变换装置的轴对称飞行器还要求倾斜角是无静差的。本文就此讨论了一个实用的自控非线性横滚运动的优化设计问题。     

基于SVPWM和模糊PI参数自整定的Z源逆变器并网研究

相比于传统的电压/电流型逆变器,Z源逆变器能实现升降压变换的功能,同时桥臂不需要死区时间,变换器可靠性更高。在传统SVPWM调制方法里,通过在零矢量中插入直通状态(同一桥臂同时导通),使其应用在逆变器中。Z源逆变器在实现更好交流输出的同时,实现了对直流侧电压任意倍数的升压。对于Z源逆变器传统的控制策略是采用电压外环和电流内环构成的双环PI控制,但双环PI控制无法达到较高的控制精度并且并网电流谐波畸变率较高。针对PI控制的局限性,提出了模糊PI控制器。该控制器利用模糊控制技术,根据误差大小对PI参数进行实时在线调整,从而满足最优的性能要求。通过仿真研究,试验结果证实了所提方法的有效性和正确性。     

舵机力矩负载模拟器的混合控制方法研究

对采用电液伺服控制实现加载的力矩负载模拟器进行了深入的分析和研究。针对多余力矩和参数变化问题,建立了准确的数学模型,并提出了一种新型的复合控制策略,它包括对扰动的定常补偿、内环鲁棒ＰＩＤ和前向误差比例积分３个组成部分。采用这种混合控制律,可以大大提高加载系统的鲁棒性和跟踪性能,使多余力矩减少９９％。     

Additional results on `reducing geometric dilution of precisionusing ridge regression'

R.J. Kelly (1990) presented preliminary results on the feasibility of using ridge regression to reduce the effects of geometric dilution of precision (GDOP) error inflation in position-fix navigation systems. Results indicate that the ridge technique will not reduce bias inflation due to the effects of GDOP in applications where bias-like measurement errors persist for time periods which greatly exceed the response time of an aircraft's guidance loop. This conclusion will preclude the use of ridge regression on navigation systems whose dominant error sources are bias-like. This applies in particular to the Global Positioning System (GPS) selective availability error source. All the simulation results given in Kelly's work are, however, valid for the conditions defined. Although ridge regression has not yielded a satisfactory solution to the general GDOP problem, it has illuminated the role that multicollinearity plays in navigation signal processors such as the Kalman filter. After a background discussion, bias inflation, initial position guess errors, ridge parameter selection methodology, and the recursive ridge filter, are discussed     

Noise analysis of a digital tanlock loop

The noise performance analysis of a nonuniform digital phase-locked loop (DPLL), called the digital tanlock loop (DTL), is investigated by both analytic and computer-simulation methods. The results are presented in terms of phase error probability mass function and mean time to skip cycle versus input signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). These results are compared to the ones obtained with the conventional sinusoidal DPLL loop (DPLL). It is found that, for low-to-moderate input SNR, the DTL has only a slight improvement over the DPLL. The DTL, however, has larger linear characteristics than the conventional DPLL, which makes it attractive for applications that require an increased tracking range or as a first stage in carrier tracking systems based on optimum estimation procedures such as a Kalman smoother     

Third-Order Loop Filter Design for Acceleration-Rate Tracking

A perfect third-order loop filter design that can be implemented as a digital filter is obtained which minimizes the noiseless steady-state acceleration rate (jerk) error for a fixed loop noise bandwidth. Simulations were performed to obtain transient responses of the third-order loop plus a sample fourth-order loop under a jerk input. The results enable one to obtain a loop design that minimizes the loop noise bandwidth required for a given steady-state jerk error and thus obtain better noise jitter performance.     

具有未知输入干扰的观测器设计

提出一种全阶比例积分观测器。该观测器包含有估计误差的比例和积分回路,可同时得到状态和未知输入估计。分析了比例积分观测器的结构和估计性能,给出并证明了其存在条件,由于存在条件弱于未知输入观测器,该比例积分观测器可以更广泛地应用于基于观测器的技术方案。通过一个飞行器线性化模型,进行了比例积分观测器设计。仿真结果表明,比例积分观测器的估计性能优于常规 Luenberger观测器     

量子遗传算法在航空发动机PID控制中的应用

分析研究了量子遗传算法(Quantum Genetic A lgorithm-QGA)的原理及其优势,将有指导的群体灾变及多宇宙并行演化策略引入量子遗传算法,改善其收敛性。以理想二阶系统为参考模型,实际系统响应曲线与参考模型响应曲线误差积分为目标函数,使用量子遗传算法进行发动机PID控制器参数优化并进行了数字仿真。仿真结果表明,量子遗传算法具有较好的全局收敛能力,应用于PID控制器控制参数优化后,控制器的控制效果良好,其在发动机控制系统中有较高的应用价值。