可压缩混合层的涡结构演化与流质混合

为研究可压缩混合层的流动结构,采用七阶精度广义紧致格式离散对流项和用显式八阶精度的中心格式离散粘性项,数值求解了非定常三维可压缩Navier-Stokes方程。用约4亿规模的网格,直接数值模拟了对流马赫数为0.7的超声速可压缩混合层的空间发展流动,获得了自初始流动失稳直至充分发展湍流流动结构的精细演化历程,所得结果表明:大尺度涡结构的生成使得混合层的动量厚度快速增长,并主宰了由被动标量质量分数展示的可视混合厚度的量级,充分发展湍流的小尺度的结构主要使得该量级厚度内的流质混合趋于均匀,对可视厚度增长的贡献非常有限。     

可压缩混合层密度梯度场特性的实验研究

利用纹影技术研究了不同对流马赫数（Mc=0．28,0．38,0．72）可压缩混合层密度梯度场的特性。由纹影图像可以看出：具有可压缩效应（高M。数）的混合层存在不同程度的摆动。将纹影图像对比以后还发现：当Mc〈0．3时,在可压缩混合层中发现了类似于Brown—Roshko的结构,混合层看不出明显的摆动;随着可压缩效应的增强（对流马赫数Mc〉0．3）,混合层开始摆动,并且随着对流马赫数的增大,混合层开始摆动位置向前移动。此外,还观察到不同对流马赫数下大尺度结构出现的区域有不同的特点。     

三维超声速混合层内标量混合的大涡模拟

对三维对流马赫数0.62的超声速混合层流动的标量混合进行大涡模拟, 控制方程对流项采用五阶精度的WENO格式求解, 小尺度涡的作用采用一方程LDKM亚格子模型处理, 过滤后的组分方程中的亚格子组分对流通量采用梯度扩散模化.模拟得到了混合层流场大尺度拟序结构以及标量场的演化过程, 研究表明标量混合过程受混合层内涡系演化所控制, 标量场具有明显的三维特征.模拟得到的速度、组分及其脉动的统计时均结果和实验结果相符较好.      

三维可压缩混合层中扰动演化的研究

为了利用被动控制增强可压缩混合层中混合效率,本文用数值模拟的方法研究了三维可压缩混合层中扰动向下游的演化.通过在入口处引入不同的不稳定T-S波,给出了扰动随空间的演化过程,及马赫数对扰动演化的影响.计算结果表明在马赫数较小时,扰动波增长很快,当马赫数增大时,扰动所形成的流向涡的强度会减弱.这一结论与流动稳定性分析结果是一致的.     

高对流Mach数三维混合层转捩特性分析及小激波结构模拟

采用空间大涡模拟方法对超/超混合、超/亚混合两类三维可压缩平面混合层转捩及其全湍流流场进行了研究,认为混合层动量厚度饱和点可作为流场转捩完成的标志.计算所得到的线性扰动波激励下流场转捩拟序结构与随机扰动下自然失稳结构以及文献结果进行了比对,其结果是一致的,表明了引入线性扰动激励来研究流场转捩结构是合理的.同时,本文还在较高对流Mach数流动下得到了三维流场动态小激波结构,其分布具有非对称特性,且形状与实验及直接数值模拟结果相似.不同条件混合层转捩计算表明:高对流Mach数下混合层转捩以Λ涡结构的形成和发展为主导机制,受扰动及对流条件的影响Λ涡结构不尽相同,某些情况下流场出现二维与三维涡结构共存现象.充分发展湍流区域,流场脉动速度分量量级相同,湍流压缩效应随着对流Mach数提高而明显增强.     

可压缩混合层中的大尺度结构及其作用初探

利用粒子示踪图像流动显示技术和粒子图像测速技术(PIV技术)研究了对流马赫数Mc=0.38时可压缩混合层发展早期出现的大尺度结构的形状和特性,并将这些混合现象与湍流脉动场结合起来研究了这些大尺度结构对流动混合效率的作用.将粒子示踪图像和湍流脉动强度场对比以后发现:混合层流动中早期出现的大尺度结构沿着顺时针方向旋转着向前移动;该结构上的流体微元具有高涡量.由于该结构旋转和高涡量产生了较大的诱导速度,加上该结构的非定常性导致在这些大尺度结构频繁出现的区域具有很高的脉动强度,从而可能带来较高的混合效率.     

二维可压缩自由剪切层的理论分析

本文从"二维可压缩自由剪切层存在相对稳定的大尺度拟序涡结构,流场应该满足什么样的条件"这样一个反问题出发,应用常微分方程奇点理论对NS方程进行了分析,维持大尺度拟序涡结构的条件是流场内有交替出现的能量不平衡点,鞍点是温度极大值点,结点是温度极小值点;压缩性增加抑制了结点的生成和持续,是导致可压缩自由剪切层厚度增长速度比不可压情况变小的机理;得到的结论可以合理解释现有的物理现象.其次,对于目前研究可压缩自由剪切层广泛应用的对流马赫数进行讨论,认为在建立过程中采用鞍点是压力极大值点假设条件不合理,得出的公式不能反映介质特性,本文采用鞍点是温度极大值点作为假设条件,提出新的求解对流马赫数的公式.根据流动机理分析,提出通过在流场内建立交替出现的鞍点和结点,触发大尺度拟序涡结构,解决超燃冲压发动机混合问题;理论上给出大尺度拟序涡结构频率条件.     

三维超声速不等密度平面混合层的小激波形成与演变

基于大涡模拟方法与高精度混合格式,对两种密度比(1.0与0.138)条件下的高对流马赫数(Mac=1.1)三维空间发展超声速平面混合层进行了数值模拟。数值结果清晰描述了扰动激励下超声速平面混合层的演变过程,讨论了三维混合层中小激波的结构及其形成过程。分析了混合层两侧密度变化对混合层失稳及小激波形成的影响,发现当上、下层密度不等时,混合层失稳加速,小激波强度减弱,而密度较低侧的小激波会更弱。     

受限混合层的线性稳定性

针对超声速边界层/混合层组合流动,利用可压缩线性稳定性理论研究了流动的线性失稳特性。基本流场选取了具有不同速度特征的两股来流,采用双曲正切的混合层剖面叠加可压缩边界层自相似性解剖面构造。重点考察了混合层中心与壁面距离、对流马赫数等参数对组合流动稳定性特征的影响,其中壁面采用绝热壁面。混合层中心与壁面的距离为5~15倍的边界层厚度,混合层的对流马赫数为0.6~1.2。结果表明:该组合流动中存在独特的多重不稳定模态,并相互影响;且其不稳定模态随着壁面距离及对流马赫数的变化呈现出不同的主导行为。      

时间模式下二维可压缩气固两相混合层流动研究

采用Euler-Lagrange颗粒-轨道双向耦合模型对时间模式下含有固粒的二维可压缩混合层流场进行了研究。气相流场采用具有空间三阶精度的WNND格式进行直接数值模拟,固相方程采用单边三点差分离散。在考虑流场对固粒作用的同时,也计及固粒对流场的反作用。在对流马赫数为0.5时,研究了颗粒相对密度、颗粒尺寸以及Stokes数等对粒子运动和流场结构的影响。     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.     

Preparation of Highly Dispersed Antimony-doped Tin Oxide Nano-powder via Ion-exchange Hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 and Azeotropic Drying

Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates have been synthesized by hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 using: (1) an ion-exchange hydrolysis to remove chlorine ions, and (2) isoamyl acetate as an azeotropic solvent to obviate water. The obtained dried powder is of high dispersivity without any need for further grinding. The size and dispersivity of the final particles are investigated with the aid of TG-DTA, BET, XRD and TEM. After having calcined, the antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowder possesses a tetragonal rutile structure with high dispersivity, uniform particles and low hard agglomeration.     

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

超声速燃烧数值模拟中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型

高精度数值模拟有助于理解超声速湍流燃烧中湍流与化学反应的相互作用,可为发动机燃烧室等工程应用设计提供可靠的预测模型。除直接数值模拟外,目前在湍流燃烧应用中使用的大涡模拟和雷诺平均Navier-Stokes模拟均需要借助模型模化发生在湍流小尺度上的流动与化学反应过程对湍流大尺度运动的影响。现有的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型大致可分为:火焰面类模型和概率密度函数类模型,2类模型在不同的应用中各自具有优势和局限性。此外,现有模型大都基于低马赫数燃烧,而超声速燃烧中通常会伴随快速混合、局部熄火和再着火以及激波等复杂过程,这为发展其中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型提出了更多的挑战。     

适于低轨卫星IP网络的单核共享树组播算法(英文)

为了解决低轨卫星IP网络中现有典型源组播算法的信道资源浪费问题,本文提出了一套单核共享树组播算法,即核心群合并共享树(CCST)和加权核心群合并共享树(w-CCST)算法。CCST 算法包括动态近似中心(DAC)选核方法和核心群合并组播路径构建方法。DAC方法专为周期、规律运动的低轨卫星网络提出,不需要复杂的星上计算。在核心群合并方法中,以核节点作为初始核心群,通过核心群和剩余组成员的最短路径方法逐步扩展直至整棵组播树构建完成,从而使得组播树的树代价最小,大大提高了网络的带宽利用率和组播传输效率。w-CCST 算法中所提出的加权因子可以调整树代价和端到端传播时延之间的折衷程度,因此,可以通过调整加权因子来适度增大树代价、降低端到端传播时延以支持某些端到端时延要求苛刻的实时组播业务。最后,与低轨卫星 IP 网络中典型算法进行了性能比较,仿真结果说明,CCST 算法的平均树代价比其它算法显著降低,w-CCST 算法的平均端到端传播时延小于 CCST 算法。     

Jet Vectoring Control Using a Novel Synthetic Jet Actuator

A primary air jet vectoring control system with a novel synthetic jet actuator (SJA) is presented and simulated numerically. The results show that, in comparison with an existing traditional synthetic jet actuator, which is able to perform the duty of either “push” or “pull”, one novel synthetic jet actuator can fulfill both “push” and “pull” functions to vector the primary jet by shifting a slide block inside it. Therefore, because the new actuator possesses greater efficiency, it has potentiality to replace the existing one in various appli- cations, such as thrust vectoring and the reduction of thermal signature. Moreover, as the novel actuator can fulfill those functions that the existing one can not, it may well be expected to popularize it into more flow control systems.     

Nonlinear Adaptive Slewing Motion Control of Spacecraft Truss Driven by Synchronous V-gimbaled CMG Precession

The slewing motion control of a truss arm driven by a V-gimbaled control-moment-gyro (CMG) is a nonlinear control problem. The V-gimbaled CMG consists of a pair of gyros that must precess synchronously. The moment of inertia of the system, the angular momentum of the gyros and the external disturbances are not exactly known. With the help of feedback linearization and recursive Lyapunov design method, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed to deal with the unknown items. Performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation.     

An SOR Implicit Time-accurate Scheme in Calculating Unsteady Flows

A new time-accurate marching scheme for unsteady flow calculations is proposed in the present work. This method is the combination of classical Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration method and Jacobian matrix diagonally dominant splitting method of LUSGS. One advantage of this algorithm is the second-order accuracy because of no factorization error. Another advantage is the low computational cost because the Jacobian matrices and fluxes are only calculated once in each physical time step. And, the SOR algorithm has better convergence property than Gauss-Seidel. To investigate its accuracy and convergency, several unsteady flow computa- tional tests are carried out by using the proposed SOR algorithm. Roe’s FDS scheme is used to discritize the inviscid flux terms. Un- steady computational results of SOR are compared with the experiment results and those of Gauss-Seidel. Results reveal that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data and the second-order accuracy can be obtained as the Gauss-Seidel for unsteady flow computations. The impact of SOR factor is investigated for unsteady computations by using different SOR factors in this algorithm to simulate each computational test. Different numbers of inner iterations are needed to converge to the same criterion for different SOR factors and optimal choice of SOR factor can improve the computational efficiency greatly.