太阳活动高年期间(1978—1981)耀斑-行星际激波传播的三维平均特性——日本行星际闪烁(IPS)观测的初步分析

文中通过对行星际激波传播的动力学效应的考虑,根据日本的IPS观测资料,对太阳活动高年期间85个耀斑-IPS激波事件进行了统计研究.结果表明:(1)激波的传播相对耀斑法线方向是非对称传播.传播最快的方向,就经度而言趋向行星际螺旋形磁场方向;就纬度而言很接近在此事件期间日球电流片的平均纬度.(2)传播的纬度范围(-60°— +40°)远比传播的经度范围(<—90°—+90°)小.(3)激波的能量分布有明显的东-西、南-北不对称性,它决定了激波传播的非对称特性.所研究的85个耀斑-激波的平均能量～2.7×1031尔格(单位立体角).上述结果与我们分析美国圣地亚哥IPS观测所得结果基本一致[3].      

温度补偿振荡器用SC切谐振器

本文介绍对SC切TCXO谐振器的频温一切角特性的测定情况。θ值是在下转折点温度范围+100℃至-70℃的数值。根据这种谐振器的频率温度(f-T)特性,测出了在不同温度范围(即-40℃—+75℃, -54℃—+85℃和0℃—+60℃)的最佳切角、最小频率偏移和最大频率-温度斜率。业已发现,用普通切割设备就能很容易达到切角公差。初步的滞后测量结果表明,SC切谐振器可以使TCXO的稳定度得到明显提高。     

Helios飞船观测到的行星际日冕物质抛射事件

根据异常低的质子温度判据，从Heliosl和2飞船等离子体观测数据中(0．3-1AU)识别出大约160个行星际日冕物质抛射事件(ICME)，并在统计意义上分析了ICME在内日球空间的传播和演化规律．     

环月-地面激光通信链路运动特性分析与设计

为了实现中国环月飞行器与地面站之间的高速激光通信，建立了环月-地面激光通信链路运动特性模型并进行了仿真分析。结果表明：利用地面站与环月飞行终端分别构建月地直接信息传输链路和月地中继信息传输链路时，喀什站的两种链路总可见时间比阿根廷站分别增加了约4.5%和6.5%,因此选取喀什站更有利于月地激光通信链路的构建；对于环月终端，其转动机构方位角范围-180°～+180°,俯仰角范围-19°～+89.7°,其最大提前指向角达18.2μrad;该月地激光链路的SEP(sun-earth-probe)角和SPE(sun-probe-earth)角近似呈周期性变化，每隔约15天出现一次最小值，因此激光终端设计时须考虑抗日光干扰；对于1 550 nm激光载波的多普勒频移量为±1.28 GHz,多普勒频移变化率达1 MHz/s,因此激光通信体制的选择须考虑多普勒频移变化特性。根据链路仿真结果和功率预算给出了环月-地面激光通信链路的设计建议。研究结果可以为环月-地面激光通信链路的设计提供参考。     

基于CELMS数据的月球东海微波辐射特性研究

根据月壤(FeO+TiO2)含量数据和"嫦娥2号"卫星CELMS数据,对月球东海地区微波辐射特性进行了研究。结果表明,在东海内部(FeO+TiO2)含量较高的地区,其正午和午夜时刻的亮温值都比较高,亮温差值也比较大,但亮温及亮温差值的分布随频率变化呈现不均匀性;Maunder撞击坑的(FeO+TiO2)含量较低,但其低频和高频亮温及亮温差值的表现正好相反;区域F(约10°S/106°W)、G(约5°S/104°W)和以(13°S/103°W)为中心的区域的微波辐射存在明显异常。这些区域的微波辐射特性对研究东海地区的形成演化过程具有重要意义。     

Alfv■n脉动对太阳风的加热

本文采用了空间飞船Helios 1和2在0.3AU到0.9AU之间对太阳风高速流的观测数据,检验了Alfvén脉动对太阳风加热的理论以及Alfvén脉动的衰减机制。计算表明,在Helios观测的空间范围内,(1)若脉动耗散的能量转化为质子的热能,由能量守恒方程计算出的质子温度的径向变化与观测一致;(2)经典粘性衰减机制预计的能量耗散率与实测结果相差很大,因而不能解释脉动能量转化为质子能量的过程;(3)波能串级模式预计的能量耗散率与实测一致,说明太阳风质子的加热很可能是由于串级到质子迴旋频率范围的脉动能量转化为质子的热能所致。     

关于冲击波在环形磁场中的传播

本文求解了点源爆炸波在环形磁场中传播的非自型问题。以耀斑引起的击波传播为例讨论了解的应用。从中可以看到,磁场扰动呈U形,主要发生在0.5Re—1.0Re的击波区域;行星际磁场的存在使击波到达1AU的时间延长了几个小时;击波必须具有大于磁截止能量E_M=λ₁S2/4π J₀R时(符号意义见内容)才有可能传播到1AU以远的地方,日冕磁场结构对耀斑击波进入行星际空间的传播有重要作用。      

电离层电场对环电流变化响应的时延

本文讨论了强磁暴期间磁层环电流能量变化率与电离层电场变化之间的联系.STARE和SABRE雷达资料表明,电离层对环电流变化响应的主要特点是:(1)在磁地方时午后区,响应的时延达最大(约1—2小时),场强以指数形式增加;在其它时区内,无系统的增强过程,仅观测到较大的、有明显涨落的电场值.(2)STARE(70.2°N)和SABRE(65.8°N)测到的电场变化往往具有相反的趋势.(3)在STARE视场内,环电流能量变化达极大后,较低纬(70.2°N)上的电场值经常大于较高纬(71.8°N)上的值.分析结果表明,磁暴期间磁层-电离层耦合过程中,环电流起着重要作用.      

冲击波在变密度、运动介质中的传播

本文得到了点源爆炸波在变密度、运动介质中传播的分析解(ω=2,γ=5/3),讨论了耀斑引起的击波在太阳风中传播的一些特性。发现1AU附近区域恰是击波各种重要效应的过渡区;击波减速等效指数i(D=K(u_o,E_s)R-i(u_o,E_s,R))是介质运动速度u_o.击波能量E_s,和击波传播距离R的函数,通常是小于1/2的,不是自型理论预言的那样简单;太阳风的对流效应使击波可以传播到10-20AU以远,与飞船(先躯者10、11号)新近的观测相吻合。      

天宫-1成功入轨吹响我国首次空间交会对接口角

2011年9月29日21：16：03,我国长征-2FT1运载火箭携带天宫-1目标飞行器从酒泉卫星发射中心升空。21：25：45,天宫-1准确进入近地点200km、远地点346km、倾角42.7°的预定轨道。9月30日01：58,天宫-1在轨运行至第4圈时实施了第1次变轨,将远地点高度由346km提升到355km。     

Solar ring mission: Building a panorama of the Sun and inner-heliosphere

Solar Ring (SOR) is a proposed space science mission to monitor and study the Sun and inner heliosphere from a full 360° perspective in the ecliptic plane. It will deploy-three 120°-separated spacecraft on the 1-AU orbit. The first spacecraft, S1, locates 30° upstream of the Earth, the second, S2, 90° downstream, and the third, S3, completes the configuration. This design with necessary science instruments, e.g., the Doppler-velocity and vector magnetic field imager, wide-angle coronagraph, and in-situ instruments, will allow us to establish many unprecedented capabilities: (1) provide simultaneous Doppler-velocity observations of the whole solar surface to understand the deep interior, (2) provide vector magnetograms of the whole photosphere — the inner boundary of the solar atmosphere and heliosphere, (3) provide the information of the whole lifetime evolution of solar featured structures, and (4) provide the whole view of solar transients and space weather in the inner heliosphere. With these capabilities, Solar Ring mission aims to address outstanding questions about the origin of solar cycle, the origin of solar eruptions and the origin of extreme space weather events. The successful accomplishment of the mission will construct a panorama of the Sun and inner-heliosphere, and therefore advance our understanding of the star and the space environment that holds our life.     

Turbulence dissipation scale in the inner heliosphere

Small scale turbulence in the solar corona and the solar wind is considered. The estimates of dissipation scale in the inner heliosphere are obtained in the assumption that the initial source of turbulence is located near the chromosphere-corona transition layer. Theoretical results are compared with radiooccultation data.     

Cosmic rays in the dynamic heliosheath

Cosmic ray modulation in the outer heliosphere is discussed from a modeling perspective. Emphasis is on the transport and acceleration of these particles at and beyond the solar wind termination shock in the inner heliosheath region and how this changes over a solar cycle. We will show that by using numerical models, and by comparing results to spacecraft observations, much can be learned about the dependence of cosmic ray modulation on solar cycle changes in the solar wind and heliospheric magnetic field. While the first determines the heliospheric geometry and shock structure, the latter results in a time-dependence of the transport coefficients. Depending on energy, both these effects contribute to cosmic ray intensities in the inner heliosheath changing over a solar cycle.     

Acceleration of interplanetary pick-up ions and anomalous cosmic rays

It may not be doubted anymore that anomalous cosmic rays (ACRs) are produced in the heliosphere from interplanetary pick-up ions through their acceleration at the solar wind termination shock. However, there is no general agreement in the community of heliospheric researchers concerning the mechanism of injection of the pick-up ions into the shock acceleration. We discuss here three possible ways for pick-up ions to be involved into the acceleration process at the termination shock: (1) preacceleration of pick-up ions in the whole region from the Sun up to the termination shock by solar wind turbulences and interplanetary shock waves, (2) local preacceleration of pick-up ions in a vicinity of the termination shock by shock surfing, and (3) formation of high-velocity tails in pick-up ion spectra consisting of secondary pick-up ions which are produced in the supersonic solar wind due to ionization of energetic neutral atoms entering from the inner heliosheath.     

Russian payload for “interhelioprobe” (“interhelios”) mission

The solar and heliospheric instruments proposed to study the solar atmosphere at close distances and the inner heliosphere onboard the Interhelioprobe mission are described. Remote observations of the solar surface combined with in-situ measurements at optimum orbital parameters (quasi-corotation with the Sun, multiple positions with respect to the Sun-Earth line, and inclination to the ecliptic plane) provide new information on the fine structure and dynamics of the solar surface, solar flares and ejections, solar corona, and solar wind.     

Solar wind structure in the outer heliosphere

A solar wind parcel evolves as it moves outward, interacting with the solar wind plasma ahead of and behind it and with the interstellar neutrals. This structure varies over a solar cycle as the latitudinal speed profile and current sheet tilt change. We model the evolution of the solar wind with distance, using inner heliosphere data to predict plasma parameters at Voyager. The shocks which pass Voyager 2 often have different structure than expected; changes in the plasma and/or magnetic field do not always occur simultaneously. We use the recent latitudinal alignment of Ulysses and Voyager 2 to determine the solar wind slowdown due to interstellar neutrals at 80 AU and estimate the interstellar neutral density. We use Voyager data to predict the termination shock motion and location as a function of time.     

A Brief Review of Interplanetary Investigations in China from 2014 to 2016

Great progress has been made in the research of solar corona and interplanetary physics by the Chinese scientists during the past two years (2014-2016). Nearly 100 papers were published in this area. In this report, we will give a brief review to these progresses. The investigations include:solar corona, solar wind and turbulence, superhalo electron and energetic particle in the inner heliosphere, solar flares and radio bursts, Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) and their interplanetary counterparts, Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) numerical modeling, CME/shock arrival time prediction, magnetic reconnection, solar variability and its impact on climate. These achievements help us to better understand the evolution of solar activities, solar eruptions, their propagations in the heliosphere, and potential geoeffectiveness. They were achieved by the Chinese solar and space scientists independently or via international collaborations.      

Cosmic-ray diffusion in the inner heliosphere

For about the last 40 years, we have been trying to understand the propagation of cosmic rays and other energetic charged particles through the interplanetary medium. Identification of the basic processes affecting the propagation, namely diffusion, convection by the solar wind, adiabatic deceleration, and gradient and curvature drifts, was attained early on, but reaching detailed physical understanding, particularly of the roles of diffusion and gradient and curvature drifts, continues as an active topic of research to this day. Particularly unclear is the nature of the cross-field propagation. Many observations seem to require more efficient cross-field propagation than theoretical propagation models can easily produce. At the same time, there are other observations that seem to show strong guidance of the particles by the interplanetary magnetic field. With current measurements from spacecraft near Earth and from the Ulysses spacecraft, which samples nearly the complete range of heliographic latitudes in the inner heliosphere, critical tests of the ways in which cosmic rays and other energetic charged particles propagate through the interplanetary medium are possible. I briefly review the status of observations that are relevant to the characterization of diffusive propagation in the inner heliosphere and will present evidence for a possibly previously overlooked contribution from transport along magnetic flux tubes that deviate dramatically from the average interplanetary spiral configuration.     

球坐标系六片网格下三维定态行星际太阳风模拟

采用二阶MacCormack差分格式, 利用稳态的磁流体(MHD)方程组在球坐标系六片网格下模拟研究了行星际太阳风. 六片网格系统能有效避免极区奇性和网格收敛性. 迭代按径向方向推进求解, 很大程度上减少了计算量, 节约了计算时间. 内边界条件根据太阳与行星际观测确定, 比较测试了5种内边界条件, 模拟给出了1922卡林顿周的背景太阳风结构. 几种内边界条件所得模拟结果与行星际观测基本吻合. 太阳风速度采用McGregor 等的经验公式给出, 磁场由水平电流片(HCCS)模型得到, 密度和温度分别根据动量守恒和气压守恒得到, 研究表明采用这样的边界条件模拟结果最佳.      

Modeling the acceleration and modulation of anomalous cosmic ray oxygen

After the solar wind termination shock crossings of the Voyager spacecraft, the acceleration of anomalous cosmic rays has become a very contentious subject. In this paper we examine several topics pertinent to anomalous cosmic ray oxygen acceleration and transport using a numerical cosmic ray modulation model. These include the effects of drifts on a purely Fermi I accelerated spectra, the effects of introducing higher charge states of oxygen into the modulation model, examining the viability of momentum diffusion as a re-acceleration process in the heliosheath and examining energy spectra, and intensity gradients, in the inner heliosphere during consecutive drift cycles.