基于新型积分自适应滑模控制策略的永磁同步电机控制

设计了一种永磁同步电机(PMSM)参数扰动和负载扰动的新型控制策略。通常PMSM控制是通过PI控制设计的,控制效果不佳,因此提出一种新型积分滑模控制(SMC)策略进行转速控制器设计。积分SMC具有较强的抗干扰性,不仅可以抑制控制系统的高频微分扰动,而且可以降低系统稳态误差,使控制更精确。设计趋近律函数对滑模控制器进行优化,使SMC参数自适应调节,提高系统响应速度。考虑到系统参数和负载扰动对控制性能的影响,将自抗扰环节引入SMC,提高了系统的抗扰性。最后通过仿真试验验证了控制系统良好的控制性能。     

反舰导弹基于反演的滑模控制

首先介绍了非线性系统的反演设计方法,提出了一种基于反演的滑模控制方法。它可解决非线性系统的不匹配不确定性问题。该方法通过在反演设计中引入滑模控制来改进反演的最后一步算法,并简化控制器的设计。针对新型反舰导弹参数时变、不确定、非线性的特点,采用了基于反演的滑模控制来设计其控制系统。最后,进行了仿真研究,仿真结果证明了所提出的方法的有效性。     

永磁同步电机最优滑模控制

为了减少永磁同步电机调速中的动态误差,提出了一种积分性能最优的滑模控制方法。该方法以滑模控制中的动态误差为性能指标,在此基础上建立最优切换函数,并采用最优控制理论对滑模控制器进行设计。用该方法设计的滑模控制系统,通过滑模面斜率的连续变化,能够加速系统状态变量到达滑模面的过程,极大地提高对参数摄动和外部干扰的鲁棒性。仿真结果表明,该时变滑模面控制方法使系统具有无超调、快速、稳定等优点,提高了系统的鲁棒性。     

Design and Application of Discrete Sliding Mode Control with RBF Network-based Switching Law

This article proposes a novel approach combining exponential-reaching-law-based equivalent control law with radial basis function (RBF) network-based switching law to strengthen the sliding mode control (SMC) tracking capacity for systems with uncertainties and disturbances. First, SMC discrete equivalent control law is designed on the basis of the nominal model of the system and the adaptive exponential reaching law, and subsequently, stability of the algorithm is analyzed. Second, RBF network is used to form the switching law in a direct and online manner with sliding-mode-related inputs and by approximating evaluation function; and the method to adjust its parameters is devised. Finally, comparable experiments are carried out to verify the application of the proposed approach to an inner-axis driven by a direct current (DC) torque motor through extra-low speed servo for a high precision flight simulator, and the axis works under deteriorating conditions such as periodically fluctuating torques of motor, nonlinear friction, and time-varying model parameters. The results show that the combined SMC can effectively improve the servo performance, for instance, to a stable 0.000 08 (°)/s speed response, the tracking error would be within 0.000 08° in 98% of operating times. Moreover, the hybrid nature of the approach imparts the RBF network the features of removing offline training and ease to set initial parameters.     

基于扩张状态观测器的永磁同步电机自抗扰无源控制

针对传统永磁同步电机滑模控制存在的抖振以及系统抗扰动鲁棒性差问题,提出一种基于扩张状态观测器的永磁同步电机自抗扰无源控制方法。转速外环设计自适应滑模控制器,采用扩张状态观测器对系统干扰项进行观测,用其进行前馈补偿。电流内环将无源控制与自抗扰控制相融合,得到dq旋转坐标系下的电压给定。新型控制方法可有效抑制系统抖振,增强系统鲁棒性。试验结果验证了所提控制方法的有效性和实用性。     

RLV再入姿态双环滑模控制及舵喷混合配置

应用滑模控制设计了一种可重复使用运载器（RLV）再入姿态控制器,该控制器应用双环的滑模控制方案,可以获得对角速度及角度的同时跟踪,并具有较好的鲁棒性和解耦性能。针对RLV再入姿态的动力面与反作用混合控制的特点,运用优化控制选择配置算法把控制力矩指令配置为末端受动器的控制指令,分别由动力面与反作用致动器来执行。再入姿态仿真验证了该方法的精度、鲁棒性以及解耦的跟踪性能及有效性。     

深空测控再生伪码测距技术研究

针对深空测控任务中低信噪比情况下的航天器高精度测距问题,对再生伪码测距技术进行论述。介绍再生伪码测距技术原理,再生伪码测距通过再生方式消除信号上行链路噪声,提高了信噪比,但需要复杂的相关器;分析再生伪码测距采用的陶思沃斯码结构,详细论述再生伪码测距信号的地面上行、星上再生、地面下行处理过程,重点介绍各处理过程中的指标条件,并对再生伪码测距进行误差分析;重点对比分析再生伪码测距与传统透明转发测距,指出前者适合于深空低信噪比条件下的高精度测距,后者适用于近地高信噪比条件下的测距。     

基于FPGA的谐波式电动舵机滑模控制研究与应用

根据谐波式电动舵机工作原理,推导了其数学模型;并针对谐波式电动舵机的特殊结构,在建模时充分考虑了摩擦和间隙非线性对舵机系统性能的影响.针对舵系统中存在的非线性问题,提出了一种滑模控制(SMC)算法;进一步为了解决滑模控制固有的抖阵问题,采用边界层与低通滤波器技术共同消除控制量的抖阵,并仿真验证了该算法的有效性.最终,采用数字芯片FP GA实现了该控制算法,并加以实验验证.实验结果表明:与传统比例积分微分(P ID)控制相比,基于滑模变结构控制的电动舵机的抗干扰和鲁棒性等有较大改善;且在偏转小角度时,由摩擦和间隙非线性导致的空回和时间延迟问题也得到了较好的抑制.     

Dual Speed PN Ranging System for Tracking of Deep Space Probes

A new pseudonoise (PN) ranging system is proposed for trackingof deep space probes, named the dual speed PN ranging system,that transmits two different PN sequences simultaneously through a PSK/PSK (phase-shift keying) dual speed communication channel.The dual speed PN ranging system improves the maximummeasurable range significantly, with no degradation of theacquisition time, when compared with usual PN ranging systems.According to the analysis, the tracking error of this system becomesas small as those of usual PN ranging systems when the inputsignal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is large enough.     

Empirical virtual sliding target guidance law design: an aerodynamic approach

We present a novel empirical virtual sliding target (VST) guidance law for the midcourse phase of a long range surface-to-air missile that uses the simplicity of the conventional proportional navigation (PN) guidance law while exploiting the aerodynamic characteristics of a missile's flight through the atmosphere to enable the missile to achieve superior performance than that achieved by conventional PN guidance laws. The missile trajectory emulates the trajectory of an optimal control based guidance law formulated on a realistic aerodynamic model of the missile-target engagement. The trajectory of the missile is controlled by controlling the speed of a virtual target that slides towards a predicted intercept point during the midcourse phase. Several sliding schemes, both linear and nonlinear, are proposed and the effect of the variation of the sliding parameters, which control the sliding speed of the virtual target, on the missile performance, are examined through extensive simulations that take into account the atmospheric characteristics as well as limitations on the missile in terms of the energy available and lateral acceleration limits. Launch envelopes for these sliding schemes for approaching and receding targets are also obtained. These results amply demonstrate the superiority of the proposed guidance law over the conventional PN law.     

Optimization of biased proportional navigation [guided projectiles]

An analytical treatment of the biased proportional navigation (BPN) is carried out with the aim of optimizing the bias parameter. It is shown that optimum biasing can lead to significantly more control-effort-efficient PN guidance in a wide variety of engagement situations, especially those involving higher target maneuvers. The performance of the BPN is compared with the standard (unbiased) PN system for the general case of a maneuvering target, and performance of the BPN is maximised to obtain the optimum bias value. The optimum bias is expressed through a simple algebraic equation, which can be readily solved. For the special (and very useful) case of the effective navigation constant being equal to three, the equation reduces to a quadratic, leading to an explicit expression for the optimum bias. Specific examples are provided to show the benefits of the BPN law. The higher control efficiency of the law is especially useful in extra-atmospheric interception, where the savings in control effort directly translates to a saving of propellent which forms part of the payload     

Acquisition of Pseudonoise Codes in FH Systems

Acquisition schemes for acquiring pseudonoise (PN) signals in a frequency hopping (FH), spread spectrum (SS) system are presented. For the purpose of acquiring the PN code the received signal is modeled by an autoregressive (AR) process. The parameters of the AR process are determined by identifying a related set of parameters called the partial correlation coefficients. The power spectrum of the received signal and hence the PN code is estimated from the identified AR parameters. The high accuracy of the estimated PN codes permits the use of a simple error correcting logic to accelerate the acquisition process.     

整体叶盘高效强力复合铣A轴高精度控制技术研究

A轴单元作为五轴数控机床的关键功能部件,其控制精度直接影响整体叶盘的加工精度和表面质量.针对摩擦、齿隙、参数摄动和测量噪声等非线性干扰对A轴伺服系统控制精度的影响,提出了基于线性二次型最优控制(LQC)和滑模控制(SMC)相结合的鲁棒控制算法(LQSMC).该方法以系统状态空间表达式及LQC为基础,通过引入基于卡尔曼滤波器和控制输入的状态估计,对系统状态空间模型进行改进并定义新的滑模面方程,使得改进后的控制算法在性能上接近LQC并能有效抑制SMC的抖振.仿真分析和实验结果表明,LQSMC算法具有控制精度高、鲁棒性强和抑制干扰能力强等优点,其能有效提高A轴伺服系统的定位精度和跟踪精度,使整体叶盘型面加工精度和表面一致性得到保证,并显著降低了表面粗糙度.     

永磁同步电机滑模调速系统新型趋近律控制

基于传统指数趋近律的滑模控制(SMC)系统在永磁同步电机(PMSM)调速系统中应用广泛。但是该算法在SMC系统做趋近运动时,存在明显抖振,控制精度无法应对复杂情况。为了抑制系统抖振,提高PMSM调速系统的动态和稳态性能,在传统指数趋近律的基础上引入加权积分型增益,提出了一种新型趋近律。加权积分型增益的引入使系统在滑动模态阶段滑模面函数和积分结果可以同步趋近于零,从而有效抑制系统抖振。依照所提出的新型趋近律,设计了速度控制器,并应用到PMSM矢量控制系统中。分别利用软件仿真和硬件试验与传统指数趋近律控制进行了比较,验证了所提控制策略的可行性和有效性。     

Generalized linear solution of proportional navigation

Proportional navigation (PN) equations are not solvable in closed form. Linearized solutions have been widely used for PN system analysis and design, but these are based on overly restrictive assumptions regarding the initial geometry, and are valid only for near-tail-chase pursuits. A generalization of the linearized approach is presented which yields more-accurate estimates of pursuer lateral acceleration than the classical linear solutions as verified by comparison with `exact' numerical solutions. Further, the solution is applicable over a much wider range of engagement geometries. The treatment is based on a closed-form quasilinearized solution of the PN equations followed by the small-angle approximation only to line-of-sight (LOS) angle rate     

Steady magnetospheric convection: A review of recent results

Theoretical pressure balance arguments have implied that steady convection is hardly possible in the terrestrial magnetotail and that steady energy input necessarily generates a cyclic loading-unloading sequence, i.e., repetitive substorms. However, observations have revealed that enhanced solar wind energy input to the magnetospheric system may either lead to substorm activity or enhanced but steady convection. This topic is reviewed with emphasis on several recent case studies of the Steady Magnetospheric Convection (SMC) events. In these cases extensive data sets from both satellite and ground-based instruments from various magnetospheric and ionospheric regions were available.Accurate distinction of the spatial and temporal scales of the magnetospheric processes is vital for correct interpretation of the observations during SMC periods. We show that on the large scale, the magnetospheric configuration and plasma convection are stable during SMC events, but that both reveal considerable differences from their quiet-time assemblies. On a shorter time scale, there are numerous transient activations which are similar to those found during substorms, but which presumably originate from a more distant tail reconnection process, and map to the poleward boundary of the auroral oval. The available observations and the unresolved questions are summarized here.The tail magnetic field during SMC events resembles both substorm growth and recovery phases in the neartail and midtail, respectively, but this configuration may remain stable for up to ten hours. Based on observations and model results we discuss how the magnetospheric system avoids pressure balance problems when the plasma convects earthward.Finally, the importance of further coordinated studies of SMC events is emphasized. Such studies may shed more light on the substorm dynamics and help to verify quantitatively the theoretical models of the convecting magnetosphere.     

基于SMDO的滑模控制器设计及其在导弹上的应用

提出了一种基于滑模干扰观测器(SMDO)的滑模控制器(SMC)设计方法.针对一类级联多输入多输出(MI-MO)非线性系统,根据奇异摄动原理将其分为内、外回路分别进行控制器设计.以外回路为例,分析了传统基于饱和函数的滑模控制的鲁棒性,针对其在面I临干扰时鲁棒性较差的问题,在名义滑模控制律的基础上设计了基于超扭曲算法的SM...     

Blue and red supergiants and the age structure of the NGC 330 region

We analysed new UBVRI CCD photometry of the massive, blue SMC cluster NGC 330 and its surrounding field. The age structure and a new reddening value for the stellar population in this region of the SMC are derived and the implications for star formation in this part of the SMC and for stellar evolution are discussed.Based on observations obtained at ESO, La Silla     

SMC燃烧模式下引射火箭性能影响因素的实验研究

1引言为了降低航天发射费用,迫切需要提高有效载荷在航天器起飞质量中所占的比重。使用吸气式发动机,提高推进剂比冲成为一条有效的途径。为了使吸气式发动机适应航天发射所要经历的宽马赫数区间,使用组合循环推进(CCP)成为必然的选择。引射火箭是组合循环推进在低速起飞阶段的     

Decentralized adaptive sliding mode control of a space robot actuated by control moment gyroscopes

An adaptive sliding mode control(ASMC) law is proposed in decentralized scheme for trajectory tracking control of a new concept space robot.Each joint of the system is a free ball joint capable of rotating with three degrees of freedom(DOF).A cluster of control moment gyroscopes(CMGs) is mounted on each link and the base to actuate the system.The modified Rodrigues parameters(MRPs) are employed to describe the angular displacements,and the equations of motion are derived using Kane's equations.The controller for each link or the base is designed separately in decentralized scheme.The unknown disturbances,inertia parameter uncertainties and nonlinear uncertainties are classified as a ‘‘lumped" matched uncertainty with unknown upper bound,and a continuous sliding mode control(SMC) law is proposed,in which the control gain is tuned by the improved adaptation laws for the upper bound on norm of the uncertainty.A general amplification function is designed and incorporated in the adaptation laws to reduce the control error without conspicuously increasing the magnitude of the control input.Uniformly ultimate boundedness of the closed loop system is proved by Lyapunov's method.Simulation results based on a three-link system verify the effectiveness of the proposed controller.