Topology tracking of dynamic UAV wireless networks

Wireless network is the communication foundation that supports the intelligentization of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV) swarm. The topology of UAV communication network is the key to understanding and analyzing the behavior of UAV swarm, thus supporting the further prediction of UAV operations. However, the UAV swarm network topology varies over time due to the high mobility and diversified mission requirements of UAVs. Therefore, it is important but challenging to research dynamic topology infere...     

Time windowing for highly focused ISAR image reconstruction

In several applications long recorded live inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) data are used to obtain one or more ISAR images. In order to reconstruct a well-focused ISAR image, a suitable selection of the echoes to be coherently processed must be provided. Such a selection can be made by defining a time window. We propose a technique for the automatic selection of the position and length of the time window that provides the ISAR image with the highest focus. The technique, namely the maximum contrast based automatic time window selection (MC-ATWS), is based on the definition of image contrast (IC). Due to the fact that the IC is a measure of the image focus, the time window is selected by maximizing the IC. The technique effectiveness is tested by using simulated and real data.     

红外窗口不同冷却方式下的结构传热和热应力特性计算研究

对外冷喷流和内冷管流等不同冷却方式下的红外窗口传热和热应力进行了数值计算研究.窗口结构传热和热应力采用有限元方法求解,带外部冷喷流窗口外表面气动加热率则通过对带冷源项的N-S方程求解给出,当采用管流冷却时,管流液体温度和窗口结构温度通过耦合迭代方式统一求解,管流和壁面间的换热系数采用工程关联公式估算.研究表明,在达到来流总温以前,窗口各点温度和热应力随加热时间单调上升,各时刻最大温度发生在外表面;而最大热应力则发生在合金材料内部.两种冷却方式对比表明,外冷方式对于窗口整体温度和热应力的降低十分有效,但具体到局部重要部位,外冷方式效果不如内冷,内冷方式对于管道附近部位具有更好的降温和降低热应力效果.因红外窗口尺度限制,冷却管道流动雷诺数偏小,流动为层流态,这限制了冷却管换热效率的提高,因此建议增加管道数目和管壁粗糙度来强化冷却.     

天线窗材料热透波特性风洞测试方法

高超声速飞行器天线窗材料在等离子体包覆条件下的热响应和热透波特性测试,是分析天线窗材料特性、研究电磁波在等离子体和天线窗中传输特性的基础。针对等离子体和天线窗中电磁波传输特性,采用矢量网络分析仪和标准增益天线组成的电磁波传输测试系统,获得了一定频率的电磁波经过等离子体和高温天线窗之后的衰减;针对高温天线窗自身热响应特性和电磁波在其中的传输特性,研究了天线窗材料在一定热流作用下的温度分布和烧蚀特性,测试了烧蚀后处于高温状态且无等离子体覆盖的天线窗对电磁波的影响,分析了天线窗高温透波特性与常温透波特性的差异。所建立的方法,为在地面等离子体风洞中开展天线窗热透波特性研究、分析天线窗和等离子体耦合作用对电磁波传输特性的影响建立了基础。     

基于声发射的铝蜂窝板超高速撞击损伤模式识别方法

为通过声发射技术识别铝合金蜂窝板超高速撞击(HVI)的损伤状态,提出一种基于神经网络的损伤模式识别方法。通过超高速撞击实验获取声发射信号,结合精确源定位技术、时频分析技术、小波分析技术及模态声发射技术,提出了10个与损伤相关的特征参数,通过非参数检验分析其与损伤的关系,设计了一种基于贝叶斯正则化BP神经网络的超高速撞击损伤模式识别方法。建立最优网络模型,通过不同参数组合识别能力分析,优选出2种特征参数组合,通过非同源样本对其损伤模式识别能力进行验证。结果表明:传播距离与损伤模式无关,却是识别损伤模式的重要参数;125~250kHz频域的自动加窗小波能量比会降低损伤模式的识别能力;采用贝叶斯正则化的BP神经网络可以较好地识别蜂窝板超高速撞击损伤模式,参数组合为传播距离、上升时间、持续时间、截止频率、4个自动加窗小波能量比及小波能量熵,共9个参数,对任意选取非同源样本识别错分率仅为9.38%。     

Angular Accuracy of the Binary Moving Window Radar Detector

The angular accuracy of a search radar depends on the extraction technique. For the case of a binary moving window extractor, the accuracy is evaluated in different operational conditions including target scintillation. A beam-splitting technique that was devised to improve the accuracy is also evaluated and compared with the binary moving window.     

准同步窗及其在高精度失真度测量中的应用

主要介绍了准同步窗方法及其在失真度测量中的应用情况。该方法有效地降低了基于DFT失真度测量方法中非整周期采样引起的频谱泄漏对测量的影响，实验结果表明该方法有效地提高了失真度测量的准确度。     

基于动态Bayesian网络的叶片加工质量监控与溯源

 针对叶片加工过程中质量精度不高的问题,提出了基于动态Bayesian网络的叶片加工质量监控与溯源方法.利用动态Bayesian网络建立起叶片加工工序间的相互联系,实现对整个加工过程的控制.基于Bayesian网络对影响加工工序的因素集建立因果联系,采用多元统计过程控制中的T²控制图完成对各工序影响因素集的监控.进行误差溯源时,根据Bayesian网络建立的因果关系对失控样本的T²统计量依据原因变量进行误差分解,并构建各分解变量的控制限,将其作为误差源判定的条件.通过对某叶片加工过程的仿真,验证了所提方法的有效性.     

土地类型分类的人工神经网络方法

:研究了用人工神经网络对航空影像进行土地类型分类的方法 ,用选定窗口的平均值 ,标准差和傅利叶频谱平均值作为神经网络的输入 ,土地类型的标准值为神经网络的输出。将计算出来的未知土地类型标准值与已知土地类型的标准值相比较 ,可以确定出未知的土地类型。     

A hybrid deep neural network based on multi-time window convolutional bidirectional LSTM for civil aircraft APU hazard identification

Safety is one of the important topics in the field of civil aviation. Auxiliary Power Unit(APU) is one of important components in aircraft, which provides electrical power and compressed air for aircraft. The hazards in APU are prone to cause economic losses and even casualties. So,actively identifying the hazards in APU before an accident occurs is necessary. In this paper, a Hybrid Deep Neural Network(HDNN) based on multi-time window convolutional neural network-Bidirectional Long Short-Term M...     

Bit-Plane Encoding: A Technique for Source Encoding

This paper describes bit-plane encoding, a technique for reducing redundancy in data gathered in space probes. The results of testing bit-plane encoding on particular data gathered by Explorer XII are summarized, and the technique is compared with alternative schemes for encoding the same data. Bit-plane encoding is intended for use aboard spacecraft. The technique presumes input data in binary form. The encoder implementation consists of a memory to store data samples, a monitor, and a code box. Both the monitor and the code box perform simple operations on binary sequences. Bit-plane encoding is especially useful when the data have an amplitude spectrum which is concentrated in different ranges in different time intervals. With a stored group of 128 samples, bit-plane encoding could be used to describe energetic particle counts gathered by Explorer XII with less than 50 percent as many bits as were actually used, and with no loss of information. The technique also conveniently allows certain useful information destroying operations.     

Exact Formulation of Window Functions for Analog Network Spectral Analyzers

An equation for the spectral window function for analog network analyzers is derived without assumptions on length of data interval available. The equation, given in terms of filter pole-zero locations for both the filter-bank and heterodyned-input type analyzers, can be programmed on a digital computer without difficulty. As an illustration, the "growth" of a spectral window with increasing length of available data is shown for a special case: a single-tuned circuit followed by a squaring circuit and perfect integrator. The error in using the usual approximation also is indicated. Use of the derived equation for quantitative comparisons of analog and digital analyzers is noted.     

基于直升机舰面起降动态仿真的风限图计算

建立了基于直升机舰面起降动态仿真的风限图（WOD）计算方法,综合计入舰船尾流、直升机运动和驾驶员操控等多因素的作用提升风限图计算的准确度。基于耦合舰船非定常尾流的飞行动力学模型,发展了适于直升机多轴协同操控的驾驶员模型,建立了舰面起降轨迹的数学描述和生成方法,形成计入舰船尾流、直升机运动和驾驶员操控等多因素综合作用的直升机舰面起降动态仿真方法。在此基础上,总结风限图计算判据,建立风限图计算方法。计算结果表明,某些风况下直升机在舰面起飞和降落过程中受到舰船尾流的干扰远大于在甲板上方悬停时受到的作用。本文方法能够捕捉到不同起降点和起降方式导致舰船尾流时空变化的干扰,与传统计算方法相比,显著提升了风限图计算的准确度。     

Generalized input-estimation technique for tracking maneuveringtargets

A new input estimation technique for target tracking problem is proposed. Conventional input estimation techniques assume that the target maneuver level is constant within the detection window, which has been the major drawback of the techniques. The proposed technique is developed to overcome this drawback by modeling the target maneuver as a linear combination of some basic time functions. The resulting algorithm has a generalized formulation including earlier works on input estimation. A detection performance of the proposed algorithm is analyzed by investigating the detection sensitivity according to the selection of maneuver models and other design parameters such as the detection window size, measurement noise level, and sampling step size. A computer simulation study shows that the estimation performance of the proposed algorithm is comparable to Bogler's input estimation method while the computation time is greatly reduced     

Synthetic vision for enhancing poor visibility flight operations

Visibility is important for the pilot controlling an aircraft in flight conditions close to the ground, particularly when landing. Therefore, poor visibility yields a great restriction for aircraft operations. Restrictions exist for landing sites which are equipped with facilities providing a landing approach aid like ILS since a minimum is required for visibility. For landing sites providing no approach aids, restrictions are much more severe. This holds even if aircraft are equipped with modern instrumentation and navigation devices. The natural view of the pilot is dependent on various meteorological conditions like darkness, dust, fog, rain etc. The degradation in view caused by these conditions can be compensated for partially or even completely by technical means providing artificial vision cues. Such technical means may be based on radar or optical sensor information. Concepts which employ these techniques are known as “Synthetic Visual Systems” or “Enhanced Visual Systems,” . The present paper is concerned with computer generated vision as a further technique providing visual cues for the pilot. Computer generated vision may be used in combination with the aforementioned sensor based techniques. Thus, it is possible to compensate for limitations which sensor based visual systems have in providing sufficient visibility range or in generating a normal looking image. In addition, computer generated imagery has the potential providing additional information to the pilot for controlling the flight path or for warning purposes. This potential can yield improved and/or more information as compared with the natural view when looking out of the cockpit window     

Dynamics of air transport networks: A review from a complex systems perspective

Air transport systems are highly dynamic at temporal scales from minutes to years. This dynamic behavior not only characterizes the evolution of the system but also affect the system's functioning. Understanding the evolutionary mechanisms is thus fundamental in order to better design optimal air transport networks that benefits companies, passengers and the environment. In this review, we briefly present and discuss the state-of-the-art on time-evolving air transport net-works. We distinguish the structural analysis of sequences of network snapshots, ideal for long-term network evolution (e.g. annual evolution), and temporal paths, preferred for short-term dynamics (e.g. hourly evolution). We emphasize that most previous research focused on the first modeling approach (i.e. long-term) whereas only a few studies look at high-resolution temporal paths. We conclude the review highlighting that much research remains to be done, both to apply already available methods and to develop new measures for temporal paths on air transport networks. In particular, we identify that the study of delays, network resilience and optimization of resources (aircraft and crew) are critical topics.     

Impedance Calculations for Elements of Sonar Arrays by Neural-Network-Based Integration

In this paper, a technique of neural network based integration is proposed to calculate the self-and mutual-impedances within arrays of sonar transducers. The multi-dimensional integrals appearing in self-and mutual-impedance formulations are transformed into neural-network-based integration and the final results can be found from look-up tables in mathematical handbooks. Initially, the integrand is modeled by a trained neural network. Integration on the integrand then becomes integration on the linear combination of weights and basis functions within the neural network. The results will become the linear combination of error functions which can be looked up in mathematical handbooks. Numerical simulation shows that the results calculated by the proposed method are consistent with those given in other existing studies. The proposed technique requires neither numerical nor artificial integration procedure. Due to the inherent learning and predicting property of neural network, only a small number of sampling points for the integrand are required in the proposed integration technique.     

分布式IMA的网络分区方法及其实时性能分析

 针对分布式综合模块化航空电子(IMA)体系结构,在时间、空间分区以及带宽分区的基础上,提出了网络分区的概念,并建立了相应的网络模型、消息模型、流量模型及调度模型。利用网络演算方法,推导了航空电子混合消息集在网络分区下端到端(ETE)延迟的计算公式;搭建典型网络,通过理论计算对比了网络分区与带宽分区的实时性能。计算结果表明:网络分区下两条硬实时数据流的延迟较带宽分区分别降低了33.5%和74.2%;而弱硬实时与软实时数据流的延迟增加约30%。最后通过OPNET仿真对理论分析所得结果进行了验证,证明网络分区方法符合分布式IMA的分布式架构要求,并满足了系统混合关键性的需求。     

An Optical Technique for Simultaneous Beamforming and Cross-Correlation

This paper presents a method of greatly simplifying the processing of received signals from antenna arrays through the use of a coherent optical system for signal processing. It is shown that a coherent optical system is ideally suited for carrying out beamforming operations. Several other advantages of coherent optics for this application are also discussed. A major result is a technique for forming several unambiguous beams simultaneously by correlating the signals from two linear arrays. The coherent optics technique permits this operation to be carried out with extreme simplicity.     

Separation of target rigid body and micro-doppler effects in ISAR imaging

Micro-Doppler (m-D) effect is caused by moving parts of the radar target. It can cover rigid parts of a target and degrade the inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) image. Separation of the patterns caused by stationary parts of the target from those caused by moving (rotating or vibrating) parts is the topic of this paper. Two techniques for separation of the rigid part from the rotating parts have been proposed. The first technique is based on time-frequency (TF) representation with sliding window and order statistics techniques. The first step in this technique is recognition of rigid parts in the range/cross-range plane. In the second step, reviewed TF representation and order statistics setup are employed to obtain signals caused by moving parts. The second technique can be applied in the case of very emphatic m-D effect. In the first step the rotating parts are recognized, based on the inverse Radon transform (RT). After masking these patterns, a radar image with the rigid body reflection can be obtained. The proposed methods are illustrated by examples