航天器多约束交会的仅测角导航最优多目标闭环制导

研究了航天器多约束交会的仅测角导航最优多目标闭环制导问题,优化目标包括交会时间、燃耗和仅测角导航可观性指标,并考虑了视觉传感器视场角、推力器推力幅度和最小安全距离等各种约束条件,建立了多约束、多目标优化下的仅测角导航和闭环制导问题的数学模型,分析了仅测角导航和闭环制导之间的耦合关系。最后,通过Matlab遗传算法工具箱中的多目标优化函数,求解得到了该多目标优化模型的Pareto最优解集,结果显示交会时间、燃耗和仅测角导航可观性指标不能同时达到最优,存在相互制约关系,即提高其中一种优化目标的性能会降低其他优化目标的性能。     

带有落角约束的一般加权最优制导律

以期望的落角方向为坐标轴定义了落角坐标系,在落角坐标系中建立了线性化的运动关系方程。应用Schwarz不等式,分别研究了控制系统为一阶惯性环节和无惯性环节情况下带落角约束的任意加权最优制导律,得到了制导律的一般表达式。对于无惯性环节控制系统以及加权函数为一般初等函数类型的一阶惯性环节控制系统,当加权函数的逆的一次到三次积分都能求出解析表达式时,均可以得到解析形式的最优制导律。对于不同的制导目的,应用本文结果可以方便地设计相应的制导律。对于某些特定的加权函数,所得制导律推广了现有文献的结论,并给出了指数权函数下满足落角约束的最优制导律的仿真结果。     

近地小推力转移轨道的加权组合制导策略

 研究了近地小推力转移轨道的制导问题,给出了一种基于局部最优控制律的自主制导算法。推导出了各改进春分点根数对应的局部最优控制律;通过最优推力分配和目标偏差两个策略,对各局部最优控制律进行动态加权组合,从而有效减少了制导律的设计参数。在此基础上,针对燃料最省转移轨道,定义了一种新的发动机开关函数。采用遗传/逐次二次规划混合优化算法计算了最优制导参数。与传统算法相比,该制导算法是一种闭环制导算法,能够实现飞行器的自主制导,并且制导过程中无需对制导参数进行更新。以地球低轨到高轨的小推力转移为例,采用该方法分别求解了时间和燃料最省转移问题,并与传统算法进行了比较分析。数值结果验证了该算法的有效性。     

微型航天器与空间非合作目标交会制导方法

星载设备能力有限的微型航天器在与空间非合作目标交会任务开始前,存放在空间轨道平台内,为了使其完成此项任务,需要设计制导方法。本文首先根据希尔（C-W）方程,设计了初制导律,然后在视线坐标系内建立了微型航天器与非合作目标间的相对运动方程,并设计了空间交会自寻的末制导律。交会任务开始时,为节省微型航天器的燃料,轨道平台根据初制导律以一定速度及释放角度释放微型航天器,微型航天器进入交会轨道,在初制导的作用下,经过若干个过渡轨道周期后接近空间非合作目标,并为末制导提供良好的交班条件,当末制导导引设备捕获并跟踪目标后可通过自寻的末制导最终完成与空间非合作目标交会任务。     

飞控系统受限控制量线性规划最优分配

概要地介绍了具有冗余操纵面的飞控系统中受限制量分配问题的概念,数学表述方法和直接最优分配方案及其几何算法,并指出该算法在存在难于计算机实现的困难。通过分析,将该问题转化为标准线性规划问题,给出了详细的转化过程,从而使其易于计算机实现。最后通过算例说明了这处改进和算法是正确有效的。     

Rendezvous Navigation and Guidance Using a Hand-Held Self-Powered Digital Computer

This paper describes a simplified solution of the space rendezvous problem based on optical sightings taken with a hand-held sextant entered into and processed by a small digital computer. Compared to the manual method described in [1], this approach greatly reduces the astronaut's work load. Also, the computer can provide a more accurate solution, can present more flight plan options (allowing more tradeoffs between fuel usage and time), and can allow greater freedom in the sequencing of measurements and maneuvers. Physical characteristics, input-output parameters, and logic design of the computer are briefly described.     

空间拦截修正比例导引律研究

基于追踪导引律和比例导引律,提出了一种新的空间拦截末制导律。通过调整两种导引法的系数决定其在导引法中的权重。考虑空间末段拦截的具体情况,在相对运动方程进行线性化处理的基础上可以得出运动方程的解析解。将非线性方程得出的数值解和这种导引律的解析解相比,仿真表明这种方法的解析解与数值解一致,且避免了最优制导复杂的解析结果。     

Optimal and Suboptimal Guidance for a Short-Range Homing Missile

Optimal and suboptimal guidance laws for short-range homing missiles are developed and compared to the commonly mechanized quidance law of proportional navigation. The optimal controller is derived as an optimal feedback regulator; the suboptimal controller is an approximation of the optimal regulator and consists of timevarying proportional navigation plus a time-varying gain term times a calculated target acceleration. Monte Carlo studies of the three controllers show that the optimal and suboptimal controllers are much superior to proportional navigation for the case of combined constant target acceleration, line-of-sight rate noise, and missile acceleration saturation.     

现代战机最佳导引算法研究

针对现代战机向目标空域的导引过程,建立了载机与目标相对运动的数学模型。基于最优控制的相关理论,以导引的准确性和控制的经济性为性能指标,建立了飞机导引控制算法。该导引算法既考虑了导引的角度误差又考虑了目标线角速度误差,通过对所得到的导引算法进行仿真验证,表明所得到的导引算法具有较强的适应性,能够满足飞机的导引要求。     

Linear Quadratic Differential Games Guidance Law for Dual Controlled Missiles

A novel guidance law designed specifically for a missile having forward and aft control systems is presented. For the derivation a linear quadratic differential games formulation of the end-game interception scenario is used. Conditions for achieving perfect intercept are given and new game spaces are presented. It is also shown that increasing the direct lift associated with the canard control allows intercepting targets with higher maneuvering capability, while for the tail control the effect is opposite.     

一种利于交班的舰空导弹最优中制导律设计

针对舰空导弹超视距拦截低空飞行目标问题,在复合制导的中制导段,建立了导弹拦截目标的相对运动模型,依据制导平台无线电指令修正信息,考虑舰空导弹拦截低空目标时的飞行速度特性,给出了预测遭遇点的实时解算模型,并确定了利于中末制导交班的中制导终端约束条件。基于拦截预测遭遇点,引入伪控制量的概念,应用线性二次型最优控制理论,设计了一种基于拦截预测遭遇点的利于制导交班的最优中制导律,仿真结果验证了预测遭遇点实时解算模型和最优中制导律的正确性与有效性。     

针对多机型多基地执管结构下的航材布局优化研究

从航材备件保障效能出发,综合考虑多种因素,建立了一个航材保障体系的配置-调配模型,科学量化地确定配属和流动的平衡点,从而定量评价航材保障系统的效率,并通过部件实测结果证明了这个模型的有效性和实用价值.     

On Optimal Control of Linear Systems in the Presence of Multiplicative Noise

This correspondence considers the problem of optimal regulator design for discrete time linear systems subjected to white state-dependent and control-dependent noise in addition to additive white noise in the input and the observations. A pseudo-deterministic problem is first defined in which multiplicative and additive input disturbances are present, but noise-free measurements of the complete state vector are available. This problem is solved via discrete dynamic programing. Next is formulated the problem in which the number of measurements is less than that of the state variables and the measurements are contaminated with state-dependent noise. The inseparability of control and estimation is brought into focus, and an "enforced separation" solution is obtained via heuristic reasoning in which the control gains are shown to be the same as those in the pseudo-deterministic problem. An optimal linear state estimator is given in order to implement the controller.     

机动目标三维空间导引运动建模及导引律研究

给出了导弹—目标追逃运动的空间矢量方程，在此基础上推导了三维导引运动模型。对机动目标应用李雅普诺夫稳定性分析方法提出了一种自适应变结构制导算法。六自由度数学仿真结果表明了模型的正确性和制导算法的有效性。     

反舰导弹最优滑模制导律仿真研究

针对传统比例导引法攻击机动目标的不足,建立了三维空间中反舰导弹和目标的相对运动模型,在研究反舰导弹攻击非机动目标的最优制导律基础上,利用俯仰和偏航两个平面相叠加的方法,结合滑模控制理论设计了工程上易于实现的三维模型下的反舰导弹最优滑模制导律。仿真结果表明,给出的导引律在攻击机动目标时制导精度高、脱靶量小,导引控制过程具有良好的动态性,性能明显优于传统的比例导引律。     

基于时间权函数的落角约束导引律中剩余时间的估计方法

带导弹落角约束的导引律求解需要已知导弹飞行剩余时间。针对弯曲弹道,一般的剩余时间估计方法精度较低,在假设导弹速度一定的前提下,采用n阶多项式函数近似表示剩余路径,给出了一种基于近似闭环轨迹的实用剩余时间估计方法。仿真结果表明,剩余时间估计精度平均提高了13倍以上,且计算量可以满足实时性要求。     

On the Treatment of Inertial Measurement Unit Data in Optimal Linear Navigation Policies

The inclusion of the integrated nongravitational acceleration outputs from an inertial measurement unit in an optimal linear navigation policy is treated. This formulation appears to be considerably different nt from the treatments of IMU data for space vehicle navigation that have previously been discussed and promises to yield considerably better results in many instances. It has the advantage that the data are processed in an optimal fashion that makes the best use of knowledge of the general system characteristics. Further, the IMU enters the formulation in the same manner as any other sensor and, therefore, provides a more uniform method of treatment. Two methods of dealing ng with the IMU are discussed and then applied to a simple example. The advantages of the second formulation are observed to be quite significant.     

Comparisons of Sensitivity Improvement Techniques for Linear Optimal Control Systems

It is well known that there are several ways to define a sensitivity function in the time domain. The results are reported of a study in which these definitions are compared. Controllers designed on the basis of these sensitivity functions are related to each other and conclusions are drawn about their usefulness in control system design.     

交会对接任务碰撞规避策略制定研究简

针对交会对接任务目标飞行器与追踪器轨道运行特性,综合考虑规避策略计算方法与工程实际相结合的问题,提出高度规避、时间规避以及与正常轨控相结合的碰撞规避策略计算方法等三种空间目标碰撞规避策略计算方法.高度规避计算方法采用了Lambert飞行原理,用简化二体开普勒模型取代高精度轨道预报方法,迭代求解规避机动速度增量,实现了通过约束过交点与目标径向距离差得到速度增量的最优解;时间规避计算方法通过轨道周期与速度增量的关系,实现了通过约束过交点与目标的时间差得到速度增量的最优解;与正常轨控相结合的碰撞规避策略计算方法,在正常控制考虑冗余控制量的基础上,对控制策略的控制开始时间或沿迹方向的速度增量进行较小的修正,使两者通过碰撞点的时刻或径向距离错开,达到碰撞规避的目的,该方法不仅可以节省燃料、而且对任务的影响较小.通过对三种空间目标碰撞规避策略计算方法仿真分析结果表明,完全适用于交会对接任务,可为我国载人航天任务飞行安全提供技术保障.     

GPS差分相对定位应用于航天器自主交会对接的研究

提出了一种适用于飞船交会对接的GPS差分相对定位导航方案。在远程导引段,采用坐标差分相对定位;在自动寻的段,采用双差载波相位平滑伪距技术;在接近和逼近段,采用双差载波相位浮点解相对定位,求得模糊度后,可采用双差载波相位整数解获得很高的定位精度。仿真试验证明,该方案切实可行。