累积复合轧制TZM合金板的组织与性能

采用粉末冶金法制备出TZM合金烧结坯,并将其轧制成2mm厚板材,在此基础上采用累积复合轧制技术(ARB),完成TZM板四次轧制复合,并对不同道次TZM复合板进行性能测试和组织分析。结果表明:随累积变形量增加,复合板晶粒显著细化、组织分布更加均匀,经过三次累积复合后,材料的抗拉强度和界面结合状态最佳。试样晶粒在轧制过程中被拉长、展宽,晶粒断面直径200～500nm,抗拉强度提高50%,2mm TZM复合板最高抗拉强度可达968MPa;材料断裂特征仍为脆性断裂,伸长率变化不明显,轧制复合板伸长率仅为2.0%。     

轧制NiMnFeGa高温形状记忆合金的微观结构及拉伸力学性能

 采用包套热轧的方法,将Ni56Mn17Fe8Ga19和Ni56Mn15Fe10Ga19合金铸锭成功轧制为均匀板材,研究了其微观组织结构、相变特性和拉伸力学性能等。结果显示,轧制后合金的晶粒和γ相变得细碎,且沿着轧制方向伸长分布,其逆马氏体相变温度下降,相变滞后减小;轧制态合金的抗拉强度和延伸率分别超过500 MPa和2%,热处理后,强度降低而延伸率上升。     

TA15钛合金环件径轴向辗轧成形全过程组织演变模拟

钛合金环件径轴向辗轧成形制造全过程通常包含加热环坯转移、辗轧成形及轧制环件冷却3个阶段,而每个阶段都将对最终环件的微观组织产生重要影响。因此,研究阐明钛合金材料在该成形制造全过程的微观组织演变特征与规律,对控制环件最终的组织和性能至关重要。以TA15钛合金环件径轴向辗轧为研究对象,首先阐明了TA15钛合金在上述各阶段的微观组织演变机制与演变模型,进而基于ABAQUS软件平台,建立了TA15钛合金环件径轴向辗轧成形制造全过程的宏微观耦合有限元(FE)模型。通过大量模拟研究表明:加热环坯转移阶段促使初生α相的体积分数增加,晶粒尺寸略微增大;辗轧成形阶段一定程度上细化了初生α相晶粒尺寸,而对初生α相体积分数影响不明显;轧制环件冷却阶段会使初生α相体积分数明显增加,晶粒尺寸增大。     

大厚度复合材料制件(内埋金属)的超声检测分析

采用超声波无损检测及金相试验方法研究了内埋金属件的大厚度复合材料实心部位的微观结构,发现采取0o纤维在金属件周围进行缠绕铺层时容易引起超声波的衰减,分析了超声波衰减的机理,首先预浸料中夹杂微小气泡引起孔隙率较低,形成了复合材料内部的疏松缺陷;其次由固化过程时内应力引起的微裂纹,导致超声波信号发生衰减;另外,纤维屈曲或局部树脂分布不均匀对超声波也有一定影响。     

电子束增材制造γ-TiAl显微组织调控与拉伸性能研究

研究了电子束选区熔化增材制造Ti-48A1-2Cr-2Nb合金的显微组织与拉伸性能.A1含量的烧损导致显微组织呈现不均匀性,沉积态材料由较大的γ晶粒和被α2晶粒钉扎的链状细小γ晶粒组成.γ相占据89％的体积,但并未显示出明显织构;而α2相显示出14.1倍随机值的(0001)织构,其c轴与沉积方向平行.沉积态材料的室温抗拉强度达到503MPa,而塑性为0.热等静压与热处理后的材料强度稍有下降,但延伸率获得较大改善.直到800℃,双态组织TiAl-4822材料的抗拉强度仍在460MPa以上,而全片层组织材料则维持在400MPa以上.     

钛合金板材制备技术的现状及展望（下）——中厚板制备技术

梳理了钛合金中厚板制备技术的概况,整理了不同组织类型（等轴、全片层、网篮组织）钛合金中厚板轧制成形过程的控制要点,分析了钛合金中厚板制备技术的现状及问题,并给出了解决方案。通过梳理近α钛合金、α?+β钛合金和β钛合金的制备工艺,分析板材轧制过程的显微组织和织构特征,对比不同组织类型板材的力学性能,提出了钛合金中厚板析出相、组织、织构及性能的调控方法,阐明了钛合金中厚板制备技术的关键控制要点,剖析了钛合金中厚板产品的现存问题,包括翘曲度问题、残余应力大、超声探伤水平不稳定性等,并给出了具体解决方案。最后,展望了国内钛合金板材制备技术的3项研究重点和2个发展方向,旨在推进钛合金板材关键产品的特种制造和常规产品的标准化作业水平。     

噪声在均匀流等截面圆环形排气管道中声传播的数值模拟

应用模态分析方法对转/静干涉噪声在敷设声衬的风扇静子后排气管道中的声传播,声衰减进行了数值模拟。前传声波在遇到声导纳间断面时,声波反射模态增加,前传模态相应减少,因此可利用多段声衬声导纳间断面上的模态反射来抑制管内噪声的传播。计算并分析了均匀流情况下声衬声阻和声抗对管内消声量的影响。在高频声源和大Mach数气流情况下,随声阻或声抗变化,噪声衰减量都存在局部峰值和波动,此时不再呈现低频情况下的单调特征。因此,选择适当的声衬阻抗可有效地抑制发动机噪声传播。     

激光熔化沉积TA15+Ti_2AlNb合金的组织与力学性能

将TA15和Ti_2AlNb合金粉末以不同比例预混,采用激光熔化沉积工艺,制备出40%TA15+60%Ti_2AlNb,50%TA15+50%Ti_2AlNb,60%TA15+40%Ti_2AlNb(质量分数)3种比例的合金薄壁,分析了薄壁的成分、组织及力学性能。结果表明:3种沉积薄壁的成分分布均匀,合金由α相、α2相及β/B2相组成,针状α相和α2相呈网篮状分布在初生β/B2晶粒内部;3种合金的抗拉强度分别为1108 MPa,1071 MPa,1105 MPa,断裂伸长率分别为3.0%,2.2%,3.8%;拉伸断口可见沿α2相撕裂产生的撕裂棱,断裂方式均为准解理断裂。     

高强铝合金板材电脉冲辅助时效热处理工艺研究

以2219铝合金轧制板材为研究对象,通过仿真分析、电脉冲辅助时效热处理试验、拉伸力学性能测试和透射电镜观察,系统研究了低密度电脉冲对板材时效热处理过程中电流密度分布、焦耳热效应及其时效后的力学性能与析出相微观组织的影响。结果表明:电脉冲辅助时效热处理过程中,板材峰值电流密度呈中心对称分布;80 A/cm2低密度脉冲电流作用下,板材大部分区域的峰值电流密度值在40~120A/cm2范围,温升最大不超过1℃。与常规时效工艺相比,电脉冲辅助时效热处理工艺促进了晶内强化相析出进程,同时改善了晶内析出相分布,使板材峰时效时间从15h缩短到10h,峰时效屈服强度也从283MPa提升到303MPa。综上所述,电脉冲辅助时效工艺有利于缩短铝合金板材时效热处理周期并改善峰时效力学性能。     

等径角挤扭变形过程中纯铝粉末材料的显微组织与力学性能

采用EBSD和TEM研究了200℃下,纯铝粉末材料经不同道次ECAPT变形后的微观组织,并进行了显微硬度和相对密度测试。结果表明,1道次ECAPT变形后,材料显著细化但变形不均匀,晶粒基本沿剪切方向呈条带状分布,平均晶粒尺寸约为5.20μm,但多为小角度晶界结构。随着变形道次的增加,亚晶在不断被细化的同时晶粒间的取向差不断增大,形状更加趋于等轴,该过程可认为发生了连续动态再结晶。4道次变形后,材料内部形成了均匀、细小且呈大角度晶界分布的等轴再结晶组织,最小晶粒尺寸可达0.5μm。ECAPT变形过程中,晶粒细化机制为机械剪切、应变累积和动态再结晶三者的综合作用,粉末材料力学性能的提高与组织致密、细晶强化和位错强化等因素有关。     

有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计难点问题

有翼高超声速再入飞行器是近年来的研究热点,气动设计是飞行器设计的关键。为了更清楚地认识有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计的难点问题,对有翼高超声速再入飞行器的发展、优势及总体任务剖面进行了介绍,从5个方面详细介绍了该类飞行器气动设计的难点问题,包括多约束复杂面对称气动布局设计、高温真实气体效应对气动特性影响、天地差异与天地换算方法、反作用控制系统(RCS)喷流干扰对气动特性的影响以及气动数据不确定度等,简要阐明了这些难点问题对总体设计的重要性以及初步的解决思路,为有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计提供了一些参考。     

Simulation and Analysis of Crashworthiness of Fuel Tank for Helicopters

Crashworthiness requirement of fuel tanks is one of the important requirements in helicopter designs. The relations among the protection frame, textile layer and rubber layer of the fuel tank are introduced. Two appropriate FE models are established, one is for an uncovered helicopter fuel tank without protection frame, and the other is for fuel tank with protection frame. The dynamic responses of the two types of fuel tanks impinging on the ground with velocities of 17.3 m/s are numerically simulated for the purpose of analyzing energy-absorbing capabilities of the textile layer and protection frame. The feasibility of the current crashworthiness design of the fuel tank is examined though comparing the dynamic response behaviors of the two fuel tanks.     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

突破技术趋同，波音再现竞争优势

 波音公司面临着来自空客公司的巨大挑战,企业战略性创新才是公司成功的关键。为此波音公司的全部战略性研究集中在扩大产品的差异性上,体现在3个方面：电子化（e-Enabled）运营环境、整体复合材料机身部件的制造技术和支持波音787客机的全球协同环境（GCE）。     

临近空间飞行器测控与信息传输系统频段选择

 临近空间飞行器是高性能信息化武器平台,测控（TT&;C）与信息传输系统是其信息保障的核心,而选择合理、可行的频段是展开系统设计的前提和基础。频段选择影响到整个技术方案的制定,是一个需综合考虑、影响深远并具有战略意义的关键问题,从国际电联（ITU）国际标准、高速数传、接收信噪比（SNR）、“三抗”、超视距中继、黑障、雨衰以及设备研制成熟度8个方面全面、细致论证了近空间平台测控系统的频段选择问题,最终得出在视距链路中以Ka频段为宜,在超视距链路中以Ku/Ka双频段为宜的结论。     

基于弯曲激波压缩系统的高超声速进气道反设计研究进展

总结了近十年来弯曲激波压缩研究的主要成果。提出了弯曲激波压缩系统的新概念,即利用特殊设计的楔形弯曲压缩面或空间弯曲压缩面,产生一系列与前缘弱激波相互交汇或叠加的压缩波系,从而使前缘激波弯曲,形成特殊的弯曲激波,它与波后的等熵压缩波来共同完成对气流的压缩。在此基础上,实现了由给定出口气动参数的超声速内流道反设计,实现了由给定压缩面压力分布和给定压缩面马赫数分布要求的型面反设计,实现了由给定激波波面的压缩型面反设计。研究证明,弯曲压缩面-弯曲激波压缩系统具有良好的综合气动性能,为高性能高超声速进气系统的气动设计提供了一种全新的设计方法。     

Experimental Study on Effects of Fuel Injection on Scramjet Combustor Performance

In order to investigate the effects of fuel injection distribution on the scramjet combustor performance, there are conducted three sets of test on a hydrocarbon fueled direct-connect scramjet test facility. The results of Test A, whose fuel injection is carried out with injectors located on the top-wall and the bottom-wall, show that the fuel injection with an appropriate close-front and centralized distribution would be of much help to optimize combustor performances. The results of Test B, whose fuel injection is performed at the optimal injection locations found in Test A, with a given equivalence ratio and different injection proportions for each injector, show that this injection mode is of little benefit to improve combustor performances. The results of Test C with a circumferential fuel injection distribution displaies the possibility of ameliorating combustor performance. By analyzing the effects of injection location parameters on combustor performances on the base of the data of Test C, it is clear that the injector location has strong coupled influences on combus- tor performances. In addition, an inner-force synthesis specific impulse is used to reduce the errors caused by the disturbance of fuel supply and working state of air heater while assessing combustor performances.     

(高)超声速流动试验技术及研究进展

近年来,与高速飞行器相关的(高)超声速流动受到了极大的关注。这类流动所具有的非定常性、强梯度和可压缩性对试验方法和风洞设计技术提出了挑战。超声速纳米示踪平面激光散射(NPLS)技术是由作者所在团队研发的非接触光学测试技术。它能够以较高的空间分辨率来揭示超声速三维流场的一个瞬态剖面的时间解析的流动结构。介绍了NPLS技术以及基于NPLS开发的密度场测量、雷诺应力测量和气动光学波前测量等方法,并回顾了这些技术在超声速边界层、超声速混合层、超声速压缩拐角、激波/边界层相互作用和光学头罩绕流等流动中的应用,清晰地再现了边界层、混合层、激波等典型流场结构及其时空演化特性。另外,为了模拟和研究高空大气条件下边界层自然转捩和超声速混合层的转捩特性,介绍了高超声速静风洞、超-超混合层风洞的设计技术以及层流化喷管的设计方法。     

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.