面向飞机自动化装配的制孔末端执行器的设计

末端执行器是飞机装配的关键部件之一,其性能直接影响到制孔和铆接的质量,突破面向飞机自动化装配的末端执行器结构设计关键技术具有迫切的实际需求。首先,根据行业需求提出了末端执行器的总体结构,并分析了工作原理,在此基础上对末端执行器的主要功能部件进行了设计,最后研制出一套具备制孔、压紧和法向找正的试验样机,试验结果表明,该末端执行器的性能达到了飞机装配的要求。     

A Laser Line Scanner Based Hole Position Correction Mechanism for Automatic Drilling and Riveting in Aircraft Assembly

The low-stiffness of aircraft skins may results in the differences between aircraft actual parts and their theoretical models,which will consequently affect the accuracy of automatic drilling and riveting in aircraft assembly.In this paper,a novel approach of hole position correction using laser line scanner(LLS)is proposed to assign a single row of holes on the parts' surfaces. First,we adopt a space circle fitting method and the random sample consensus(RANSAC)to obtain the precise coordinates of center of the datum holes' coordinates. Second,LLS is calibrated by the laser tracker,and the relations between the LLS coordinate system and the tool coordinate system(TCS)can be calculated. Third,the kinematics model of the automatic riveting machine is established based on a two-point referencing strategy proposed in this paper. Thus,the positions of the holes to be drilled can be adjusted.Finally,the experimental results show that in TCS the measurement error of LLS is less than 0.1 mm,and the correction error of the hole position is less than 0.5 mm,which demonstrates the reliability of our method.     

Approach to Interference Riveting Process Control of Aircraft Automatic Drilling and Riveting

Interference fit riveting is an effective way to improve the fatigue life of aircraft.The accurate control of riveting interference of aircraft automatic drilling and riveting equipment is achieved by process parameters including upsetting force and upset head height.It is valuable for aircraft manufacturing engineering.An approach to interference riveting process control based on the analysis of interference riveting stress field is proposed.According to assembly structure,the upsetting force is calculated by the material property and interference fit level,and the upset head height is deduced by the upsetting force.The experimental result shows that the interference fit level can be controlled accurately by the upsetting force and upset head height,and then,the quality of aircraft automatic riveting can be improved.The proposed approach is verified by the good match between the predicted result and the experimental result.     

Approach to Interference Aircraft Automatic Riveting Process Control of Drilling and Riveting

Interference fit riveting is an effective way to improve the fatigue life of aircraft. The accurate control of riveting interference of aircraft automatic drilling and riveting equipment is achieved by process parameters including upsetting force and upset head height. It is valuable for aircraft manufacturing engineering. An approach to interference riveting process control based on the analysis of interference riveting stress field is proposed. According to assembly structure, the upsetting force is calculated by the material property and interference fit level, and the upset head height is deduced by the upsetting force. The experimental result shows that the interference fit level can be controlled accurately by the upsetting force and upset head height, and then, the quality of aircraft auto- matic riveting can be improved. The proposed approach is verified by the good match between the predicted result and the experimental result.     

飞机装配自主移动式自动制孔系统机构设计

分析了飞机装配自主移动式自动制孔系统机构的功能要求,设计了一种双框八腿真空吸附式自主移动机构。并采用虚位移法对该机构进行了法向调姿自由度分析,分析结果表明该机构符合法向调姿时Z向进给,A、B角转动3个自由度的设计要求。     

自动钻铆连接件疲劳性能分析

自动钻铆技术是目前飞机先进装配连接技术的发展趋势,国内在这方面的工艺积累不足。本文以两种自动钻铆设备及手工钻铆生产的铆接构件分别做疲劳试验。结果表明:在合适的工艺参数下,采用自动钻铆的铆接构件疲劳寿命较传统的手工钻铆有显著的提高;工艺参数的不同组合,对连接的疲劳寿命将产生较大影响;自动钻铆对各工艺参数的控制精度明显优于手工钻铆。因此,对于镦头高度等质量检验标准可以提高精度要求。     

飞机装配工装组件库与快速装配设计技术

结合航空企业数字化应用的现状,基于飞机装配工装设计中的应用需求,研究工装组件的参数化设计、参数化组件库的构建以及组件的快速装配设计技术。应用CAA在CATIA平台上进行二次开发,实现了飞机装配工装组件库和快速装配设计功能,可提高装配工装设计的效率和质量。     

飞机装配铣削制孔和钻孔技术对比分析

分析对比了飞机装配铣削与钻削制孔技术,提出对于5mm以上的孔螺旋铣孔技术比钻孔技术有很多重要优势,指出螺旋铣孔工艺在飞机部件装配中的实用价值。同时通过试验验证了微量润滑(Minimum quantity lu-bricant,MQL)技术在制孔过程中的效果。     

飞机总装自动化制孔预装配紧固件安装位置优化

首先针对某型号飞机机身段对接处典型位置建立了有限元分析模型,分析了不同单向压紧力下各钻孔部位每层贴合面间隙的变化。然后研究在同一单向压紧力作用下,3种不同预装配紧固件安装位置情况对各钻孔部位贴合面间隙的影响,得到了最优的预装配紧固件安装位置。     

飞机大部件对接自动化制孔单向压紧力分析

飞机装配制孔过程中施加一定的压紧力可以有效控制贴合面间隙,而飞机大部件对接自动化制孔,只能采用单向压紧的方法。本文首先分析了单向压紧力对毛刺的影响,并讨论了压紧力分析的3种分析方法,然后以某飞机中机身和中后机身对接处的典型位置为实例,应用有限元方法分析了贴合面间隙随压紧力变化情况,最后给出合理的压紧力推荐值。     

自动钻铆数控托架系统的研制

为了充分发挥现有的RMS335自动钻铆机的功能,使其能够加工装配所需的飞机零部件,设计并开发研制了与之配套使用的数控托架系统,实现与自动钻铆机的通信。经工厂试验验证,该设备达到设计要求,能够满足企业的生产需求。     

基于多传感融合的自动钻铆孔位在线测量方法

为了获得飞机壁板自动钻铆中孔位的实际位置和法向信息,提出了一种基于视觉和激光测距多传感器融合的孔位在线测量方法,该方法可以实时获得钻铆任务的孔位偏差修正量,从而保证壁板钻铆质量。首先,通过建立视觉和激光测距传感器与钻铆机参考坐标系间的映射关系,获得了钻铆孔位在线测量的多传感器融合模型,给出了孔位位置和法向的在线测量原理。然后,为了简化标定过程和提高标定精度,设计了一种同时适用于视觉和激光测传感器的标定板,给出了位置和法向测量的标定方法。最后,测量试验表明,多传感融合的在线测量方法孔位测量位置误差≤0.2 mm,法向误差≤0.3°,能够满足飞机钻铆孔位测量精度要求。     

自动钻铆装备的激光测量系统法向误差研究

飞机装配中铆接部位的孔垂直度直接影响铆钉的连接质量和疲劳寿命,进而影响飞机的力学性能。为了保证飞机铆接垂直度要求,必须分析自动钻铆系统法向误差的影响因素。首先,确定了倾角误差、数学模型的线性误差与法向误差的关系。其次,给出了激光位移传感器安装参数的选取规律,并研究了其对位姿标定的影响。最后,实验验证了安装参数优化后的实际效果。研究结果可为法向测量装置的设计与分析提供理论指导,对于提升自动钻铆系统的法向精度,进而保证孔垂直度要求具有重要意义。     

Optimization Algorithm of UWB Positioning for Aircraft Assembly Workshop

Due to the complexity of strong metal interference and multiple occlusions in aircraft assembly workshop,the random "drift"phenomenon often happens in the ultra wide band (UWB)based positioning system.To solve this,a fusion positioning optimization algorithm is proposed based on median filtering,hidden Markov model (HMM)a nd Kalman filtering.Firstly,based on the three-dimensional (3D) median filtering,aqueue optimization method with weights is introduced to smooth the measurement data and eliminate the abnormal value.Secondly,taking Singer model as a reference,a single-dimension acceleration distribution model is designed.In order to further consider the spatial motion characteristics of objects in workshop,the distribution is extended from 1D to 3D,and discretized into the state quantity of HMM.Subsequently,the data obtained by the two methods are fused by taking Kalman filter as an iterator,and then the optimized location solution is obtained based on dynamic weights.Finally,an experiment is conducted in an aircraft assembly workshop.Results show that 99.3% of dynamic positioning errors are less than 15 cm after using the proposed algorithm.Even in the situation with large signal-fluctuation,there are 71.6% of positioning data whose errors are reduced.The random "drift"is greatly decreased.     

飞机数字化装配柔性工装的低成本化

数字化柔性工装是现代飞机装配中工装的主要形式。柔性工装通过其硬件系统和软件系统,实现了工装的自动柔性重构功能。但柔性工装的功能特点使得其制造成本相对较高。基于现代飞机精益制造要求,通过研究柔性工装的构成和特点,从工装硬件系统入手,提出降低柔性工装成本的方法。在此基础上,进一步研究基于零件关键特征不用工装直接装配的方法,阐述关键特征设计需考虑的因素及其关系。通过开展柔性工装的低成本化研究,为国内深入研究应用柔性工装提供技术支持。     

几种起落架主要构件设计与制造的简要对比分析

本文认为国外新型起落架设计和制造的先进性主要表现在两个方面:首先从选材上采用真空熔炼成的整体模锻件,其次采用耐久性设计方法:高强度钢构件的攻丝孔基本凸台高度大于螺纹深度;高强度钢构件上注油咀基体螺纹设计成有一定凸台高度;对管状结构件最小过渡半径的限制;U形接头的防腐蚀措施;整体锻件的表面加工;喷丸强化和滚压螺纹的采用;以及真空热处理和多种表面处理的采用。 通过分析可以得出结论:国外新型起落架是长寿命、高可靠性的,其先进的设计和制造方法值得我们借鉴。     

一种适用于飞机壁板自动化制孔的法向修正技术

在飞机装配中制孔的位置和法向精度将直接影响飞机最终的装配质量.自动化制孔以飞机数模为基准,但在实际装配过程中,由于受多源耦合装配误差影响,壁板等大型柔性结构件的实际外形不可避免地会与理论数模出现偏差,因此需要对制孔位置和法向进行修正.为了减少制孔法向偏差和提高制孔效率,本文结合大型飞机机翼壁板的结构特点,提出一种基于基...     

高强度碳纤维增强复合材料层合板的钻削制孔过程及其缺陷形成分析

单向层合结构的高强度碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料已逐渐发展成为航空承力结构件的主要材料,相关的切削加工需求也越来越多。由于显著的各向异性,单向层合结构的碳纤维复合材料易在切削加工中形成缺陷,难切削加工性明显。针对T800级高强度CFRP单向层合材料开展直角自由切削试验,研究其在切削过程中的切削力和切削热随纤维方向角的变化产生的各向异性行为。针对制孔刀具三尖钻和八面钻开展CFRP层合板的钻削制孔试验,研究了三尖钻和八面钻的具体钻削过程中切削力、扭矩和切削温度的变化规律及其对钻削缺陷形成的影响。此外,对钻削制孔形成的孔壁加工表面进行分析,得到了典型孔壁缺陷的形貌照片并分析其形成原因。     

飞机部件调姿测量点激光检测可视化定位程序设计

为了使用激光跟踪仪进行飞机机身段数字化自动高精度测量,必须将激光引向目标点,而传统的引光方法都存在各种不便和缺陷。本文将机器视觉技术运用于激光引光,利用CMOS工业摄像头,基于OpenCV开发了一套激光自动跟踪目标点的程序。首先利用专门的图像采集开发包采集图像;然后根据激光光斑的特征,提出了相应的光斑检测与分割方法,并提取出光斑的质心坐标;最后通过对每一帧图像的迭代操作,使激光不断向目标点靠近,完成对目标的实时跟踪。除此之外,为了实验的方便和节约成本,设计了一套模拟激光跟踪仪的激光发生实验台,用以在实验室内进行模拟操作。本文设计的程序实现了自动化引光,不仅解决了引光的不便,而且提高了整个飞机机身段数字化自动高精度测量系统的自动化程度和精度。     

动力吸振器抑制某型飞机平尾振动的设计与试验研究

某型机在加速到一定速度时,振动剧烈.根据飞行空测数据分析结果看,左右平尾的振动量值较大,且在飞行员感觉振动强烈的速度时段,分析空测数据,平尾的主要振动能量集中在68 Hz附近.这就要求设计一种能够在该频点下的减振装置.实际中采用翼尖加装动力吸振器,达到减振目的.通过地面试验对吸振器的参数进行选优,最终通过实际空测结果对比,来确定减振方案.