有机锡化合物催化氰酸树脂的性能

采用有机锡化合物作为氰酸酯树脂的固化反应催化剂,评价了催化剂对固化树脂的力学性能、耐热性、吸水率以及对复合材料力学性能的影响。结果表明加入有机锡催化剂后,氰酸酯固化树脂和复合材料具有优良的性能,其中固化树脂的弯曲强度为124MPa,冲击强度为12 6kJ/m²,玻璃化转变温度为258℃,复合材料的弯曲强度为742 6MPa,层间剪切强度为72 3MPa。这表明在有机锡化合物的催化作用下,氰酸酯充分表现出了高性能树脂基体的特性,同时也说明有机锡是氰酸酯固化反应的有效催化剂。     

无污染的印制板光亮镀锡工艺浅析

概述了与裸铜复阻焊膜(SMOBC)印制板工艺相关的酸性光亮镀锡工艺及其应用效果,讨论了影响镀液稳定性的若干因素和添加剂的有关问题,指出了推广应用本工艺的重要意义。关键词:印制板酸性光亮镀锡锡铈合金     

锡在碳/铜复合材料中的分布规律

在碳纤维/铜复合材料中加入少量锡,一方面能提高复合材料的抗磨性;另一方面能显著地降低复合温度。因碳纤维的表面性能和结构的特殊性,锡与铜的原子结构的差异对碳/钢复合材料中锡原子的迁移和分布有较大影响。锡在碳纤维附近的含量不同,与铜形成的合金具有不同的相组织,特别是当碳纤维/基体界面区的含锡量高达一定值时,产生以     

锡青铜制件的强化

通过对铜合金热处理机理的分析,论述了锡青铜制件通过冷加工强化的机理及其热处理特点,强调了金属内部组织结构是影响金属机械性能的根本因素。     

随机谱中小幅载荷对裂纹扩展寿命的影响

采用7050-T7451铝合金标准中心裂纹拉伸试样进行随机谱载荷下的疲劳裂纹扩展试验,研究在不同低载截除水平、不同裂纹参考长度下,裂纹扩展寿命及其分散性的变化。采用F检验法,对不同载荷谱下的裂纹扩展寿命的方差及相同载荷谱,不同裂纹长度的寿命的方差进行检验。分析表明,第一级和第二级截除水平下的裂纹扩展寿命的分散性没有显著差别,当载荷截除水平提高到最大幅值载荷的21％时,寿命分散性显著变大;相同载荷谱下,不同裂纹长度对应的扩展寿命的分散性没有显著差别。试验结果也表明,本文所考察的3个水平的小幅值载荷对裂纹扩展寿命的均值有显著影响;因此,在损伤容限和可靠性分析中,这些小幅值载荷是不可忽略的。     

纳秒激光构造锡青铜粗糙表面的工艺研究

为了在考虑表面粗糙度条件下,对表面织构影响润滑性能的理论计算结果进行试验验证,提出了一种通过纳秒紫外激光在锡青铜样片表面构造不同粗糙度参数的方法.通过改变激光加工参数制备了不同表面粗糙形貌,并采用白光干涉共聚焦显微镜以及粗糙度仪对表面粗糙形貌进行表征.试验结果表明,表面粗糙度随激光扫描速度的增大而减小;扫描间距等于光斑直径50μm、扫描速度300mm/s时,表面粗糙纹理方向清晰,便于粗糙度方向参数的控制.通过控制粗糙度方向参数以及微织构方向控制,实现了与表面粗糙方向成规定角度的微织构阵列的制备.     

高性能铝基复合材料的颗粒分布及界面结合

采用常规粉末冶金和高能球磨粉末冶金法制备了B4Cp/Al复合材料，研究了B4C颗粒分布与界面结合特点、形成机制以及对材料性能的影响。结果表明，17％（体积分数）B4Cp/6061Al复合材料的屈服和抗拉强度分别为415MPa和470MPa，比常规粉末冶金复合材料分别提高了69％和70％。微观分析表明，高能球磨粉末冶金复合材料中B4C颗粒均匀分布、颗粒与基体之间存在近百纳米厚度的界面层，界面层由呈带状且有序分布的微细铝晶粒和弥散分布的纳米颗粒组成。高能球磨过程中，铝粉末在钢球表面形成冷焊层，B4C不断被挤入而均匀化是实现颗粒均匀分布的主要机制；球磨过程中铝粉末表面氧化层破碎暴露出新鲜铝表面且与镶嵌与铝粉末中的B4C颗粒形成界面结合是获得良好界面结合复合材料的重要条件     

轴流风扇内部气固两相流动高速摄影实验研究

利用高速摄影技术对轴流风扇内部粒子的运动特性进行了测量。实验测量了3个圆周面内跨叶片间粒子的运动规律。所用粒子为1mm直径的泡沫球。对拍摄图像进行处理之后发现:(1)在叶轮通道内压力面一侧粒子浓度比较大, 吸力面一侧则比较小, 并且在吸力面有无粒子区存在。(2)粒子和压力面发生碰撞和反弹, 而不会和吸力面发生碰撞。(3)在压力面一侧粒子的运动速度比较低, 而在吸力面一侧粒子的运动速度比较高。      

Astrobiology and habitability of Titan

Largest satellite of Saturn and the only in the solar system having a dense atmosphere, Titan is one of the key planetary bodies for astrobiological studies, due to several aspects. (i) Its analogies with planet Earth, in spite of much lower temperatures, with, in particular, a methane cycle on Titan analogous to the water cycle on Earth. (ii) The presence of an active organic chemistry, involving several of the key compounds of prebiotic chemistry. The recent data obtained from the Huygens instruments show that the complex organic matter in Titan’s low atmosphere is mainly concentrated in the aerosol particles. The formation of biologically interesting compounds may also occur in the deep water ocean, from the hydrolysis of complex organic material included in the chrondritic matter accreted during the formation of Titan. (iii) The possible emergence and persistence of Life on Titan. All ingredients which seem necessary for Life to appear and even develop – liquid water, organic matter and energy – are present on Titan. Consequently, it cannot be excluded that life may have emerged on or in Titan. In spite of the extreme conditions in this environment life may have been able to adapt and to persist. Many data are still expected from the Cassini-Huygens mission and future astrobiological exploration mission of Titan are now under consideration. Nevertheless, Titan already looks like another world, with an active organic chemistry, in the absence of permanent liquid water, on the surface: a natural laboratory for prebiotic-like chemistry.     

固体火箭发动机喷管气固两相流动的数值模拟

对颗粒相采用颗粒轨道模型,气相求解可压缩N-S方程组,计算方法采用显式Runge-Kutta时间推进法与有总变差衰减(TVD)性质的高精度MUSCL-Roe格式;自主开发了曲线坐标系下二维轴对称可压缩N-S方程组的解算器Solve2D,研究了固体火箭发动机喷管中颗粒相对流场的影响以及不同尺寸颗粒运动规律.结果表明:颗粒相对流场的影响主要表现在喷管喉部以及扩张段,和单相流场相比,沿轴线马赫数减小,且颗粒尺寸越小减少得越多;沿轴线气相温度升高,且颗粒尺寸越小温度升高越多;颗粒尺寸越小,无粒子区越小;颗粒越大与收缩段壁面碰撞越剧烈,无粒子区越大.      

Preparation and Photoluminescence of ZnO Nanostructures

Porous anodic alumina (PAA) hosts with ZnO nanoparticles loaded in were prepared by immersing PAA films in an aqueous solu-tion of zinc acetate and then annealing at high temperatures. Highly ordered ZnO nanodot arrays were produced using the method in combination of PAA template with RF magnetron sputtering deposition. The photoluminescence of the ZnO/PAA composite and the highly ordered ZnO nanodot arrays were investigated by means of a fluorescent spectrometer. The ZnO/PAA composite exhibits intense and broad photoluminescence spectra with the peak position at around 485 nm. The ZnO nanodot arrays have a strong UV light emissive peak at about 380 nm and a wide light emissive peak at 460 nm-610 nm at the room temperature.     

Al/高氯酸铵复合粒子的制备及其性能表征

用溶剂-非溶剂法制备了Al/高氯酸铵(AP)复合粒子，并用TEM，SEM，XRD和ICP对其进行了表征。首先对复合粒子的热分析进行了DTA测定，并用相同比例的简单混合物来作对比；然后选用三组推进剂样品进行DTA测定，在每组样品中分别选用添加有Al/AP复合粒子和纯Al粉来作对比。结果表明，将Al粉与AP进行复合处理后，Al粉对AP的热分解有了一定的催化作用，而相同比例的Al粉和AP简单混合物中，Al粉对AP的热分解无明显催化作用；与加有纯Al粉的推进剂样品相比较，添加有Al/AP复合粒子的推进剂样品高温分解峰温降低，总放热量大大提高。这表明Al粉与AP的复合处理能显著提高AP与推进剂的热分解性能。     

挤压成型对LC4CS铝合金棒材阳极氧化膜结构的影响

研究了挤压成型对LC4CS铝合金棒材表面阳极氧化膜微观结构的影响。采用金相显微（OM）技术、扫描电镜（SEM）和能谱分析（EDS）等方法分析了铝合金基体中合金相的种类和分布、组织结构的变化规律以及阳极氧化膜的表面及断面形貌。研究发现,试样表面阳极氧化膜的结构特征与基体组织特征具有一致性。基体中的阳极相和阴极相颗粒分别导致了氧化膜中孔洞和夹杂缺陷的产生,在挤压变形中形成的析出相带以及不完全再结晶组织是造成氧化膜中凹坑结构和复杂网纹结构的主要原因。     

RPC-ICA: The Ion Composition Analyzer of the Rosetta Plasma Consortium

The Ion Composition Analyzer (ICA) is part of the Rosetta Plasma Consortium (RPC). ICA is designed to measure the three-dimensional distribution function of positive ions in order to study the interaction between the solar wind and cometary particles. The instrument has a mass resolution high enough to resolve the major species such as protons, helium, oxygen, molecular ions, and heavy ions characteristic of dusty plasma regions. ICA consists of an electrostatic acceptance angle filter, an electrostatic energy filter, and a magnetic momentum filter. Particles are detected using large diameter (100 mm) microchannel plates and a two-dimensional anode system. ICA has its own processor for data reduction/compression and formatting. The energy range of the instrument is from 25 eV to 40 keV and an angular field-of-view of 360° × 90° is achieved through electrostatic deflection of incoming particles.     

等离子喷涂纳米陶瓷热障涂层组织与性能

采用纳米陶瓷粒子团聚体粉末等离子喷涂制备纳米陶瓷热障涂层,研究了纳米陶瓷热障涂层的组织和性能.试验表明,采用纳米结构的陶瓷涂层有利于增加热障涂层的高温使用寿命.     

高过载条件下绝热层烧蚀实验方法研究 (Ⅱ)收缩管聚集法

发展了一种能开展高过载条件下绝热层烧蚀研究的模拟实验方法——收缩管聚集法，研制了收缩管聚集高过载模拟烧蚀实验装置。对实验装置及固体火箭发动机过载条件下的三维两相内流场开展了对比数值模拟，结果表明这种实验装置产生的高浓度粒子流与40g纵横向过载条件下发动机内形成的高浓度粒子流状态很接近，说明这种实验方法是可以模拟高过载条件下绝热层烧蚀环境的。利用这套实验装置开展了高浓度粒子流冲刷条件下绝热层烧蚀实验，对6种绝热材料开展的烧蚀实验表明：所有试件表面均被冲蚀出一个凹坑，说明粒子冲刷对绝热层烧蚀影响很大。凹坑最大烧蚀部位与数值模拟得到的粒子浓度最大部位基本吻合。     

The Cusp as a Source of Magnetospheric Energetic Particles, Currents, and Electric Fields: A New Paradigm

Energetic particle instrumentation on the Polar satellite has discovered that significant fluxes of energetic particles are continuously present in the region of the dayside magnetosphere where they cannot be stably trapped. This region is associated with either open magnetic field lines or a magnetic topology associated with pseudo-trapping. Two distinct features [Time-Energy Dispersion (TED) signatures and Cusp Energetic Particle (CEP) events] are observed in these energetic particle fluxes that strongly suggest a local acceleration of mostly shocked solar wind particles. As the solar wind particles ram themselves into the cusp geometry, they form diamagnetic cavities with strong turbulence that are capable of accelerating particles to energies of 100s and 1000s of kiloelectronvolts. This process forms a layer of energetic particles on the magnetopause as well as permits such particles to enter via drift the equatorial nightside magnetosphere to distances as close as six Earth radii under the influence of gradient and curvature effects in the local magnetic field. The fluxes of these particles have all of the properties associated with the ring current and can supply the magnitude of the cross tail current required. ISEE-1 energetic particle data and their pitch angle distributions [PAD] are examined at the magnetic equatorial plane on the night side to investigate and possibly validate the insights gains from the Polar data and energetic particle trajectory tracing in a realistic magnetic field. The existence and properties of butterfly-type PADs strongly supports the concept of a dayside high latitude source of energetic particle fluxes. Because the CEP process is impulsive and time variable the charge separation produced by the drifting electrons (eastward) and ions (westward) on the magnetospheric nightside may be responsible for the cross tail electric field that has been ascribed to the reconnection/convection process.     

固体火箭发动机Al_2O_3凝结及颗粒破碎的数值模拟

Al2O3凝结对固体火箭发动机Al颗粒的燃烧效率及燃气流动有很大影响。结合拉格朗日方法,建立Al2O3凝结模型,分析了在Al2O3烟雾凝结及颗粒自身破碎作用下,不同初始直径Al颗粒的燃烧效率及燃烧室流场的变化规律。计算结果与同条件下的测试数据有较好的吻合,颗粒分布符合相关实验现象。结果表明,小颗粒燃烧后,流场温度及Al2O3烟雾分布均匀;随颗粒初始直径的增加,径向出现明显分层现象;在发动机出口,小颗粒燃烧效率较高,颗粒中Al2O3质量分数较大,但破碎程度较小;随初始直径增加,颗粒燃烧效率逐渐降低,颗粒中仍含有大量未燃烧的Al,破碎程度提高,颗粒数目急剧增加。     

纳米NiO/CNTs复合粒子的制备及其对AP和AP/HTPB热分解的影响

以碳纳米管(CNTs)为载体,采用化学沉淀法制备了不同摩尔比的NiO/CNTs复合粒子,采用透射电子显微镜、X-ray衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、X射线能谱、比表面积分析仪等表征手段对产物的结构进行了表征,并用差示扫描量热仪研究了NiO/CNTs复合粒子对AP及AP/HTPB推进剂热分解的催化作用。结果表明:NiO/CNTs复合粒子结晶好、包覆均匀、比表面积大。NiO/CNTs(nNiO:nCNTs=1:4)复合粒子可使AP和AP/HTPB推进剂的高温分解峰温分别降低了92.24℃和42.2℃,使总表观分解热分别增加了1 086 J/g和730 J/g,表现出显著的催化性能,其催化性能明显优于纯纳米NiO和纯CNTs。碳纳米管的独特结构和载体支撑作用是NiO/CNTs复合粒子的催化性能强于纳米NiO的主要原因。     

纳米氧化镧对黑索今热分解的催化作用

用室温湿固相反应制备了纳米氧化镧，并进行了表征，用DSC研究了纳米氧化镧对环三次甲基三硝胺（黑索今，RDX）热分解反应的催化作用，并提出了该催化反应机理，实验结果表明，纳米氧化镧能有效地催化RDX的热分解，使RDX的二次分解肩峰消失，使RDX分解放热峰的后半峰变得陡直，并极大地增大了RD的表观分解热。