燃油喷嘴封严弹簧失效与发动机冒烟的关系

通过流量试验对比分析、燃油喷嘴结构分析以及弹簧失效机理分析对某发动机长期存在的冒烟故障的根本原因进行了探索性研究.对冒烟发动机和无冒烟发动机燃油喷嘴及总管流量试验的实证分析表明:发动机冒烟故障的根本原因在于外场服役期间慢车工况某些燃油喷嘴反压降低导致的总管流量不均.对冒烟发动机14个燃油喷嘴的结构实证分析表明:发动机服役中燃油喷嘴及燃油总管流量特性发生漂移的根本原因在于封严弹簧顶紧机制的丧失,而造成顶紧机制丧失的根本原因是弹簧端过度不平导致螺母旋合过程中弹簧在不平端受力不均以致不规则歪倒塑性变形.      

芳香烃对涡轴发动机排气冒烟影响的试验

为掌握涡轴发动机排气中的冒烟数及芳香烃体积分数对冒烟数的影响,设计了某涡轴发动机冒烟数测量试验方案,通过在RP-3航空煤油中添加甲苯(C6H5CH3)获得不同芳香烃体积分数,开展发动机排气冒烟试验;并根据实测冒烟数(SN)拟合得到了与计算冒烟质量浓度指数(CI)的关系式。试验结果表明:某型涡轴发动机采用基准燃油时各状态冒烟数均小于40,优于设计指标;最大起飞状态下芳香烃体积分数每增加3%可导致冒烟数升高6%。该试验为涡轴发动机排气冒烟数测量和预估提供了一种有效方法,并为通过减少燃油中芳香烃体积分数来抑制发动机冒烟数提供了依据。      

航空发动机气态污染物及冒烟的测量

介绍了新型燃气气态污染物和排气冒烟测量系统的工作过程,对某型航空发动机的气态污染物和排气冒烟进行了测量,分析了样气温度对测量结果精度的影响。     

预燃级对TeLESS Ⅱ燃烧室冒烟排放的影响

对不同预燃级结构的TeLESS Ⅱ燃烧室冒烟排放性能进行了研究。通过燃气分析试验方法分别考察了预膜空气雾化喷嘴和离心喷射空气雾化喷嘴在预燃级单独工作和主预燃级同时工作时的冒烟排放。结果表明在预燃级单独工作时,预燃级结构对冒烟排放性能影响较大,而在主预燃级同时工作时影响较小。通过数值模拟对两种预燃级结构在预燃级单独工作时的冒烟排放差异进行了分析,发现预燃级结构改变了燃油在主燃区内的分布,两种方案在主燃区内生成的碳烟前驱物乙炔质量分数和分布位置存在明显差异,最终导致燃烧室出口冒烟排放不同。      

浅谈CFM56-7B发动机尾部喷火和冒烟问题

通过分析CFM56-7B发动机尾部喷火和冒烟问题产生的根本原因、存在的风险和主要特征等,结合国航CFM56-7B发动机运营过程中出现过的发动机尾部喷火和冒烟问题以及国航机队情况,制定了相应的解决措施     

某涡轴发动机停车冒烟故障分析

介绍了某涡轴发动机停车冒烟故障,通过建立故障树,对停车冒烟原因进行逐层剖析,结合分解检查和试验手段,展开了详细的分析,最终查明故障原因,并采取了相应排故措施.经过试验验证,故障得到排除.     

基于燃气分析法的航空发动机燃烧室性能研究

为深入了解燃烧室性能,用燃气分析法测量了燃烧室在高压状态下的气态污染物排放和排气冒烟,用热电偶法测量了燃烧室出口温度场.混合式取样器安装于摆盘上,随摆盘沿周向匀速旋转采集样气,通过测试仪器分析样气组分,计算得到了燃烧室的油气比、燃烧效率、污染物排放指数及冒烟数.通过比较采用燃气分析法和流量法得到的油气比、燃烧效率的测试结果,分析了慢车状态误差偏高的原因,结果表明:燃气分析法是1种准确、可靠的燃烧室性能测试方法.改进了混合式取样器结构,提高了排气冒烟测试的精度.     

高压燃烧室的冒烟测量

在单头部主室件上进行的高温高压试验研究中，冒烟是研究发动机排放特性的一个参数。为了避免直接加热器所产生的燃气中的冒烟对主燃烧室冒烟测量带来的误差，该冒烟测量是在主燃烧室常温下进行的。最后根据试验数据校验与之类似燃烧室冒烟经验模型。经验模型根据GE公司的F101发动机燃烧室的冒烟经验模型得出SN8＝2．62＋0．853[ln(Ss）]。在压力范围为2．0－3．2MPa之内，试验数据与经验模型的计算结果吻合较好。但是试验研究发现，燃烧室进口空气压力增高，冒烟显增加。因而，该模型不能应用到3．8MPa以上的高压力范围。     

某型起动机冒烟故障研究与改进

为了排除某型起动机的冒烟故障，查找出故障原因是压气机机匣漏油，采用涂胶方式防止漏油，并确定了起动机不发生冒烟的渗油量标准。     

厨房烧水器L13471-27预防性维修方法分析

飞机上安装的厨房烧水器接头和线束经常出现严重烧蚀、焦糊味甚至冒烟等情况,对此问题的原因进行了分析,并提出了预防性维修方法。     

有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计难点问题

有翼高超声速再入飞行器是近年来的研究热点,气动设计是飞行器设计的关键。为了更清楚地认识有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计的难点问题,对有翼高超声速再入飞行器的发展、优势及总体任务剖面进行了介绍,从5个方面详细介绍了该类飞行器气动设计的难点问题,包括多约束复杂面对称气动布局设计、高温真实气体效应对气动特性影响、天地差异与天地换算方法、反作用控制系统(RCS)喷流干扰对气动特性的影响以及气动数据不确定度等,简要阐明了这些难点问题对总体设计的重要性以及初步的解决思路,为有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计提供了一些参考。     

Simulation and Analysis of Crashworthiness of Fuel Tank for Helicopters

Crashworthiness requirement of fuel tanks is one of the important requirements in helicopter designs. The relations among the protection frame, textile layer and rubber layer of the fuel tank are introduced. Two appropriate FE models are established, one is for an uncovered helicopter fuel tank without protection frame, and the other is for fuel tank with protection frame. The dynamic responses of the two types of fuel tanks impinging on the ground with velocities of 17.3 m/s are numerically simulated for the purpose of analyzing energy-absorbing capabilities of the textile layer and protection frame. The feasibility of the current crashworthiness design of the fuel tank is examined though comparing the dynamic response behaviors of the two fuel tanks.     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

突破技术趋同，波音再现竞争优势

 波音公司面临着来自空客公司的巨大挑战,企业战略性创新才是公司成功的关键。为此波音公司的全部战略性研究集中在扩大产品的差异性上,体现在3个方面：电子化（e-Enabled）运营环境、整体复合材料机身部件的制造技术和支持波音787客机的全球协同环境（GCE）。     

ν-gap度量及其在飞行控制律评估中的应用

 传统控制律评估方法主要用于单输入单输出（SISO）系统，且对模型参数摄动考虑不够全面,针对这些不足，研究了ν-gap度量方法。在介绍系统广义稳定裕度相关概念的基础上，给出了ν-gap度量的定义、特点和性质以及近似摄动模型的计算，提出ν-gap度量评估控制律的步骤。实例结果表明，该方法不仅克服了上述传统评估方法的缺陷，而且还有根据所求的各摄动影响情况忽略影响小的元素，以减少计算量及可以找到最坏情况下的参数摄动组合等优点。     

临近空间飞行器测控与信息传输系统频段选择

 临近空间飞行器是高性能信息化武器平台,测控（TT&;C）与信息传输系统是其信息保障的核心,而选择合理、可行的频段是展开系统设计的前提和基础。频段选择影响到整个技术方案的制定,是一个需综合考虑、影响深远并具有战略意义的关键问题,从国际电联（ITU）国际标准、高速数传、接收信噪比（SNR）、“三抗”、超视距中继、黑障、雨衰以及设备研制成熟度8个方面全面、细致论证了近空间平台测控系统的频段选择问题,最终得出在视距链路中以Ka频段为宜,在超视距链路中以Ku/Ka双频段为宜的结论。     

基于弯曲激波压缩系统的高超声速进气道反设计研究进展

总结了近十年来弯曲激波压缩研究的主要成果。提出了弯曲激波压缩系统的新概念,即利用特殊设计的楔形弯曲压缩面或空间弯曲压缩面,产生一系列与前缘弱激波相互交汇或叠加的压缩波系,从而使前缘激波弯曲,形成特殊的弯曲激波,它与波后的等熵压缩波来共同完成对气流的压缩。在此基础上,实现了由给定出口气动参数的超声速内流道反设计,实现了由给定压缩面压力分布和给定压缩面马赫数分布要求的型面反设计,实现了由给定激波波面的压缩型面反设计。研究证明,弯曲压缩面-弯曲激波压缩系统具有良好的综合气动性能,为高性能高超声速进气系统的气动设计提供了一种全新的设计方法。     

Integrated Entry Guidance for Reusable Launch Vehicle

A method for the implementation of integrated three-degree-of-freedom constrained entry guidance for reusable launch vehicle is presented. Given any feasible entry conditions, terminal area energy management interface conditions, and the reference trajectory generated onboard then, the method can generate a longitudinal guidance profile rapidly, featuring linear quadratic regular method and a proportional-integral-derivative tracking law with time-varying gains, which satisfies all the entry corridor constraints and meets the requirements with high precision. Afterwards, by utilizing special features of crossrange parameter, establishing bank-reversal corridor, and determining bank-reversals according to dynamically adjusted method, the algorithm enables the lateral entry guidance system to fly a wide range of missions and provides reliable and good performance in the presence of significant aerodynamic modeling uncertainty. Fast trajectory guidance profiles and simulations with a reusable launch vehicle model for various missions and aerodynamic uncertain-ties are presented to demonstrate the capacity and reliability of this method.     

Experimental Study on Effects of Fuel Injection on Scramjet Combustor Performance

In order to investigate the effects of fuel injection distribution on the scramjet combustor performance, there are conducted three sets of test on a hydrocarbon fueled direct-connect scramjet test facility. The results of Test A, whose fuel injection is carried out with injectors located on the top-wall and the bottom-wall, show that the fuel injection with an appropriate close-front and centralized distribution would be of much help to optimize combustor performances. The results of Test B, whose fuel injection is performed at the optimal injection locations found in Test A, with a given equivalence ratio and different injection proportions for each injector, show that this injection mode is of little benefit to improve combustor performances. The results of Test C with a circumferential fuel injection distribution displaies the possibility of ameliorating combustor performance. By analyzing the effects of injection location parameters on combustor performances on the base of the data of Test C, it is clear that the injector location has strong coupled influences on combus- tor performances. In addition, an inner-force synthesis specific impulse is used to reduce the errors caused by the disturbance of fuel supply and working state of air heater while assessing combustor performances.     

(高)超声速流动试验技术及研究进展

近年来,与高速飞行器相关的(高)超声速流动受到了极大的关注。这类流动所具有的非定常性、强梯度和可压缩性对试验方法和风洞设计技术提出了挑战。超声速纳米示踪平面激光散射(NPLS)技术是由作者所在团队研发的非接触光学测试技术。它能够以较高的空间分辨率来揭示超声速三维流场的一个瞬态剖面的时间解析的流动结构。介绍了NPLS技术以及基于NPLS开发的密度场测量、雷诺应力测量和气动光学波前测量等方法,并回顾了这些技术在超声速边界层、超声速混合层、超声速压缩拐角、激波/边界层相互作用和光学头罩绕流等流动中的应用,清晰地再现了边界层、混合层、激波等典型流场结构及其时空演化特性。另外,为了模拟和研究高空大气条件下边界层自然转捩和超声速混合层的转捩特性,介绍了高超声速静风洞、超-超混合层风洞的设计技术以及层流化喷管的设计方法。