基于观测器的传感器故障检测方法对比分析

针对航空发动机传感器故障检测方法的适用范围缺乏量化数据问题，提出以故障检测性能指标为依据，对基于卡尔曼 滤波器和基于自适应滑模观测器的故障检测方法适用性进行对比分析。分别设计了基于卡尔曼滤波器的残差生成和自适应滑模观 测器的故障估计检测方法，根据故障检测策略实现故障检测；以蒙特卡罗法生成随机故障，对比分析在故障和干扰同时存在的情况 下2 种方法的故障检测效果和适用范围；基于DGEN 380 发动机进行仿真，仿真结果表明：基于卡尔曼滤波器的故障检测方法对高 斯噪声的处理能力较强，但故障检测率不足50%，尤其是针对软故障效果较差；而基于滑模观测器的故障检测方法在不考虑测量噪 声的情况下，针对软硬故障检测的效果均较好，但处理传感器测量噪声的能力较差。     

某型舵机平板阀渗漏油故障分析与改进

某型舵机平板阀在外场使用过程中出现了液压油渗漏这一故障现象，通过对该故障进行故障现象确认、故障定位、故障机理分析和故障验证等分析，明确了故障原因，提出了改进方案，并在实际应用中验证了改进措施的有效性。     

基于集员估计的卫星飞轮故障检测与预测方法

为了对卫星飞轮故障进行提前预警，提出了一种基于集员估计的故障检测和预测方法。首先，基于飞轮的动态模型设计了一种基于中心对称多面体的故障检测方法。在检测出飞轮故障后，选取飞轮的电流数据作为故障特征，并采用线性模型或非线性模型来描述其退化规律。然后，提出了一种基于中心对称多面体的集员算法，对退化模型中的未知参数进行估计，并以此为基础预测未来时刻的故障，进而实现对飞轮故障的提前预警。最后，通过数值仿真，将所提出的方法和两种现有的故障预测技术进行了对比。仿真结果表明了所提方法的有效性和优越性。     

电视导引头图像闪烁故障分析

针对电视导引头存在的“图像闪烁”故障，重点分析了故障的常发生部位，如硅靶管、CCD、图像处理电路和电视摄像机光圈等，并从故障部位的结构特点和工作原理入手，详细阐述了故障产生的原因、机理以及排故方法，为同类故障的修理提供参考。     

应急动力系统故障研究与分析

通过研究应急动力系统的故障特点和故障类型，分析了常见的故障原因，提出了相应的故障诊断方法，为应急动力系统的维修提供借鉴和指导。     

航空发动机故障统计与分析数据库的建立

航空发动机故障常导致空难事故，造成生命和财产损失，为了保证发动机安全必须查清发动机故障的原因，而查清一个发动机故障原因并做出结论和报告，要耗费大量人力和物力，收集整理这些宝贵的资料，建立航空发动机故障数据库，对于提高航空发动机设计及维护水平是非常必要的。基于Visual FoxPro平台，开发了航空发动机故障统计与分析数据库系统，该系统以中文Windows风格为界面，按照工程软件开发规范建立数据库。系统收集了国内外各类航空发动机故障统计与分析资料，可实现查询；浏览；编辑等功能。     

波音737NG老龄飞机自动驾驶垂直剖面故障解析

波音737NG机群老龄飞机的增多，导致自动驾驶故障的排除变得困难，尤其是地面测试无代码的故障。本文针对自动驾驶垂直剖面故障进行分析，对此类故障的排除提供建议和参考。     

基于有向图的蜂群无人机故障影响

基于蜂群无人机控制模型，针对虚假数据注入的故障情形，为了分析该故障情形下，蜂群无人机中故障的的影响及传播关系，采用故障传播有向图及一致性理论，开展蜂群无人机故障影响机理研究。首先，通过Dijkstra算法计算故障源到各无人机的最短路径，建立故障传播有向图；然后预测各无人机受故障影响的程度，结合蜂群无人机系统，计算一致性行为偏差的指标，并将其作为实际故障影响程度；最后，通过对预测结果与实际故障影响程度进行仿真比较，验证了所建立的故障影响机理的合理性。     

对特定传感器故障敏感的最优奇偶向量检测与隔离方法

 提出了一种利用对特定传感器故障敏感的最优奇偶向量进行故障检测与隔离的方法。主要思想是设计一个性能指标函数，使得最优奇偶向量对被检测的传感器故障最敏感，而对其余传感器故障和未知输入不敏感。与常用的广义似然比方法相比，该方法明显地提高了故障的检测能力，此外，对故障的隔离效果也更好。     

高低温箱运行及故障分析探讨

通过对高低温箱的运行记录进行整理，分析其运行状况及故障，判断故障产生的原因，有针对性地提出故障排除的方法和设备维护保养措施，以延长设备的使用寿命。     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.     

Preparation of Highly Dispersed Antimony-doped Tin Oxide Nano-powder via Ion-exchange Hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 and Azeotropic Drying

Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates have been synthesized by hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 using: (1) an ion-exchange hydrolysis to remove chlorine ions, and (2) isoamyl acetate as an azeotropic solvent to obviate water. The obtained dried powder is of high dispersivity without any need for further grinding. The size and dispersivity of the final particles are investigated with the aid of TG-DTA, BET, XRD and TEM. After having calcined, the antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowder possesses a tetragonal rutile structure with high dispersivity, uniform particles and low hard agglomeration.     

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

超声速燃烧数值模拟中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型

高精度数值模拟有助于理解超声速湍流燃烧中湍流与化学反应的相互作用,可为发动机燃烧室等工程应用设计提供可靠的预测模型。除直接数值模拟外,目前在湍流燃烧应用中使用的大涡模拟和雷诺平均Navier-Stokes模拟均需要借助模型模化发生在湍流小尺度上的流动与化学反应过程对湍流大尺度运动的影响。现有的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型大致可分为:火焰面类模型和概率密度函数类模型,2类模型在不同的应用中各自具有优势和局限性。此外,现有模型大都基于低马赫数燃烧,而超声速燃烧中通常会伴随快速混合、局部熄火和再着火以及激波等复杂过程,这为发展其中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型提出了更多的挑战。     

适于低轨卫星IP网络的单核共享树组播算法(英文)

为了解决低轨卫星IP网络中现有典型源组播算法的信道资源浪费问题,本文提出了一套单核共享树组播算法,即核心群合并共享树(CCST)和加权核心群合并共享树(w-CCST)算法。CCST 算法包括动态近似中心(DAC)选核方法和核心群合并组播路径构建方法。DAC方法专为周期、规律运动的低轨卫星网络提出,不需要复杂的星上计算。在核心群合并方法中,以核节点作为初始核心群,通过核心群和剩余组成员的最短路径方法逐步扩展直至整棵组播树构建完成,从而使得组播树的树代价最小,大大提高了网络的带宽利用率和组播传输效率。w-CCST 算法中所提出的加权因子可以调整树代价和端到端传播时延之间的折衷程度,因此,可以通过调整加权因子来适度增大树代价、降低端到端传播时延以支持某些端到端时延要求苛刻的实时组播业务。最后,与低轨卫星 IP 网络中典型算法进行了性能比较,仿真结果说明,CCST 算法的平均树代价比其它算法显著降低,w-CCST 算法的平均端到端传播时延小于 CCST 算法。     

Jet Vectoring Control Using a Novel Synthetic Jet Actuator

A primary air jet vectoring control system with a novel synthetic jet actuator (SJA) is presented and simulated numerically. The results show that, in comparison with an existing traditional synthetic jet actuator, which is able to perform the duty of either “push” or “pull”, one novel synthetic jet actuator can fulfill both “push” and “pull” functions to vector the primary jet by shifting a slide block inside it. Therefore, because the new actuator possesses greater efficiency, it has potentiality to replace the existing one in various appli- cations, such as thrust vectoring and the reduction of thermal signature. Moreover, as the novel actuator can fulfill those functions that the existing one can not, it may well be expected to popularize it into more flow control systems.     

Nonlinear Adaptive Slewing Motion Control of Spacecraft Truss Driven by Synchronous V-gimbaled CMG Precession

The slewing motion control of a truss arm driven by a V-gimbaled control-moment-gyro (CMG) is a nonlinear control problem. The V-gimbaled CMG consists of a pair of gyros that must precess synchronously. The moment of inertia of the system, the angular momentum of the gyros and the external disturbances are not exactly known. With the help of feedback linearization and recursive Lyapunov design method, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed to deal with the unknown items. Performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation.     

An SOR Implicit Time-accurate Scheme in Calculating Unsteady Flows

A new time-accurate marching scheme for unsteady flow calculations is proposed in the present work. This method is the combination of classical Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration method and Jacobian matrix diagonally dominant splitting method of LUSGS. One advantage of this algorithm is the second-order accuracy because of no factorization error. Another advantage is the low computational cost because the Jacobian matrices and fluxes are only calculated once in each physical time step. And, the SOR algorithm has better convergence property than Gauss-Seidel. To investigate its accuracy and convergency, several unsteady flow computa- tional tests are carried out by using the proposed SOR algorithm. Roe’s FDS scheme is used to discritize the inviscid flux terms. Un- steady computational results of SOR are compared with the experiment results and those of Gauss-Seidel. Results reveal that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data and the second-order accuracy can be obtained as the Gauss-Seidel for unsteady flow computations. The impact of SOR factor is investigated for unsteady computations by using different SOR factors in this algorithm to simulate each computational test. Different numbers of inner iterations are needed to converge to the same criterion for different SOR factors and optimal choice of SOR factor can improve the computational efficiency greatly.