压气机转子带凸肩叶片掉块故障分析

针对某压气机转子带凸肩叶片掉块故障,通过外观检查、断口分析、成分分析、组织检查、加工制造质量复查及有限元计 算,明确了叶片断裂的性质,分析了掉块故障的原因。结果表明：故障叶片断口符合高周疲劳断裂特征,叶片波纹度不符合设计要 求,叶片凸肩上、下截面的叶型厚度异常减薄,分析认为该异常改变了叶片的振动特性,降低了共振裕度,在气流激励下可能引发叶 片进气边局部共振,最终导致叶片疲劳失效。     

凸肩结构对叶片的干摩擦减振研究——规律分析

针对带凸肩的平板叶片,对凸肩阻尼结构的减振规律进行了系统的研究。获得了凸肩接触面初始正压力、接触角度、接触刚度、摩擦系数等多种参数对叶片非线性响应的影响规律。此外,研究了某航空发动机带凸肩风扇叶片的振动响应,分析了凸肩结构对其一阶弯曲振型及某高阶振型的减振效果,确定了该叶片发生疲劳断裂的原因。本文工作对带凸肩结构叶片的设计、排故具有指导意义。      

风扇叶片凸肩工作面裂纹起始原因分析

某型风扇叶片工作后在凸肩工作面发现裂纹,断口分析后判断为疲劳裂纹,起始于盆侧凸肩工作面下侧靠近尖部边缘。建立凸肩工作面接触模型,分析了凸肩工作面挤压应力分布和位移变形,并对其压痕和磨痕进行了检查。结果表明:裂纹起始位置存在局部挤压应力集中。由于叶片工作载荷和凸肩初始紧度导致的凸肩变形错位而形成不均匀接触;同时凸肩工作面的初始装配错位和边缘倒角较小进一步加剧了裂纹起始位置的挤压应力集中程度,较大地局部挤压应力导致凸肩工作面耐磨涂层在工作过程中出现微裂纹,进而形成初始裂纹,在振动应力作用下,最终扩展到基体。     

某型发动机二级压气机叶片断裂故障分析研究

某型发动机二级压气机叶片属于事故多发性零部件。最近又发生了叶身断裂故障,该故障是一种新型故障,与二扭共振引起的叶尖掉角故障不同:疲劳源位于叶盆中上部,靠近叶尖断裂飞出,断裂飞出部分约为叶片的1/3,故障件断口部分呈“S”型。本文从叶片断口金相、扫描电镜分析、振动特性计算分析、叶片静频和振型测量、疲劳破坏试验、第10阶相对振动应力测量和叶片疲劳寿命评估等研究工作,分析得出造成叶片疲劳破坏的故障机理是叶片第10阶振型在发动机0.8额定转速发生共振和叶盆表面损伤。      

一种排除带凸肩风扇叶片榫头故障的新方法

探索了一种采取黏弹性橡胶阻尼器抑制带凸肩风扇工作叶片共振的新途径,通过应用于某型机风扇第1级叶片,在叶片结构不变的条件下排除了其榫头断裂故障。在发动机上的验证结果表明:根部橡胶阻尼器减振结构对叶片榫头出现最大振动应力的振型的抑制效果明显,从而拓展了黏弹性材料的应用领域。     

带凸肩风扇叶片振动特性及设计方法研究

针对涡扇发动机带凸肩风扇叶片,考虑凸肩接触带来的刚度和阻尼的非线性影响,采用Newton-Rapson迭代与多次谐波平衡相结合的方法,研究了结构设计参数对约束模态和振动响应的影响。研究结果表明:凸肩位置是影响叶片整体刚性和共振频率的关键参数,凸肩径向相对位置设计在55%~75%为宜,有利于提高叶片刚度和降低振动变形;轴向位置应靠近叶型质心,以提高凸肩的接触刚度和叶片一阶共振频率;啮合角和初始过盈量主要影响共振应力,而对共振频率影响很小。在此基础上,建立了带凸肩叶片的减振设计流程,首先通过优化凸肩径向位置提高叶片整体刚度,其次通过优化凸肩轴向位置提高低阶模态共振裕度,最后通过优化啮合角和初始过盈量抑制振动应力幅值。     

某型发动机第4级压气机叶片振动特性及断裂机理分析

某型发动机第 4级压气机转子叶片断裂是由榫头工作面出现裂纹造成的。为此 ,对榫头断口进行了金相分析 ,对叶片振动特性进行了计算 ,对叶片静频和振动型进行了测量 ,并对叶片进行了疲劳破坏试验 ,结果表明 ,叶片断裂故障是由在慢车状态叶片发生 1扭共振和榫头微动磨损造成的。     

压气机轴向扩压器叶片断裂分析

为了确定航空发动机压气机轴向扩压器叶片断裂故障的断裂性质和产生原因，通过外观检查、断口分析、组织检查、硬 度测试等手段进行初步检验，并从材料、设计、加工以及环境方面进行详细的故障分析。结果表明：轴向扩压器叶片断裂故障为高 周疲劳断裂。在航空发动机工作状态下轴向扩压器发生共振，且在工作温度下轴向扩压器叶尖与后盖为过盈配合，此时叶尖与后盖 发生刮摩，叶尖出现毛刺及划痕，在轴向扩压器叶片从靠近叶尖的共振节线处共振应力最大点的叶盆侧开始产生裂纹，最终发生高 周疲劳断裂。建议增大轴向扩压器叶片厚度与前、后缘圆角和轴向扩压器叶片与后盖之间的配合间隙，以避免类似故障发生。     

大涵道比涡扇发动机风扇叶片振动模态分析

对大涵道比涡扇发动机而言,风扇叶片承受较大的离心负荷和振动负荷,振动故障尤为突出。为了研究风扇叶片自身的振动特性,针对风扇叶片进行有限元建模,计算了凸肩自由和凸肩约束两种工作状态下叶片的固有频率和振型。结果表明发动机转速及凸肩状态对叶片固有频率有显著的影响,对大涵道比涡扇发动机风扇叶片的振动特性研究具有重要的参考价值。     

凸肩径向位置对风扇叶片振动特性的影响

针对带凸肩风扇叶片的动力学设计需求,研究凸肩径向位置对风扇叶片振动特性的影响规律.基于梁理论建立带凸肩风扇叶片的力学模型,采用瑞利法推导了1阶固有频率解析解,并获得了1阶固有频率随凸肩径向位置的变化规律.基于非线性接触有限元法,研究了凸肩径向位置对接触状态和振动特性的影响.研究结果表明:凸肩径向相对位置为0.75时,可使叶片具有最大的刚度值和1阶固有频率值.而综合考虑多阶模态频率时,凸肩径向相对位置为0.55至0.68时,叶片振动特性最优.凸肩接触正压力随凸肩径向位置增加而下降,切向接触刚度随凸肩径向位置的增加先增加后减小.      

有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计难点问题

有翼高超声速再入飞行器是近年来的研究热点,气动设计是飞行器设计的关键。为了更清楚地认识有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计的难点问题,对有翼高超声速再入飞行器的发展、优势及总体任务剖面进行了介绍,从5个方面详细介绍了该类飞行器气动设计的难点问题,包括多约束复杂面对称气动布局设计、高温真实气体效应对气动特性影响、天地差异与天地换算方法、反作用控制系统(RCS)喷流干扰对气动特性的影响以及气动数据不确定度等,简要阐明了这些难点问题对总体设计的重要性以及初步的解决思路,为有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计提供了一些参考。     

Simulation and Analysis of Crashworthiness of Fuel Tank for Helicopters

Crashworthiness requirement of fuel tanks is one of the important requirements in helicopter designs. The relations among the protection frame, textile layer and rubber layer of the fuel tank are introduced. Two appropriate FE models are established, one is for an uncovered helicopter fuel tank without protection frame, and the other is for fuel tank with protection frame. The dynamic responses of the two types of fuel tanks impinging on the ground with velocities of 17.3 m/s are numerically simulated for the purpose of analyzing energy-absorbing capabilities of the textile layer and protection frame. The feasibility of the current crashworthiness design of the fuel tank is examined though comparing the dynamic response behaviors of the two fuel tanks.     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

突破技术趋同，波音再现竞争优势

 波音公司面临着来自空客公司的巨大挑战,企业战略性创新才是公司成功的关键。为此波音公司的全部战略性研究集中在扩大产品的差异性上,体现在3个方面：电子化（e-Enabled）运营环境、整体复合材料机身部件的制造技术和支持波音787客机的全球协同环境（GCE）。     

临近空间飞行器测控与信息传输系统频段选择

 临近空间飞行器是高性能信息化武器平台,测控（TT&;C）与信息传输系统是其信息保障的核心,而选择合理、可行的频段是展开系统设计的前提和基础。频段选择影响到整个技术方案的制定,是一个需综合考虑、影响深远并具有战略意义的关键问题,从国际电联（ITU）国际标准、高速数传、接收信噪比（SNR）、“三抗”、超视距中继、黑障、雨衰以及设备研制成熟度8个方面全面、细致论证了近空间平台测控系统的频段选择问题,最终得出在视距链路中以Ka频段为宜,在超视距链路中以Ku/Ka双频段为宜的结论。     

基于弯曲激波压缩系统的高超声速进气道反设计研究进展

总结了近十年来弯曲激波压缩研究的主要成果。提出了弯曲激波压缩系统的新概念,即利用特殊设计的楔形弯曲压缩面或空间弯曲压缩面,产生一系列与前缘弱激波相互交汇或叠加的压缩波系,从而使前缘激波弯曲,形成特殊的弯曲激波,它与波后的等熵压缩波来共同完成对气流的压缩。在此基础上,实现了由给定出口气动参数的超声速内流道反设计,实现了由给定压缩面压力分布和给定压缩面马赫数分布要求的型面反设计,实现了由给定激波波面的压缩型面反设计。研究证明,弯曲压缩面-弯曲激波压缩系统具有良好的综合气动性能,为高性能高超声速进气系统的气动设计提供了一种全新的设计方法。     

Experimental Study on Effects of Fuel Injection on Scramjet Combustor Performance

In order to investigate the effects of fuel injection distribution on the scramjet combustor performance, there are conducted three sets of test on a hydrocarbon fueled direct-connect scramjet test facility. The results of Test A, whose fuel injection is carried out with injectors located on the top-wall and the bottom-wall, show that the fuel injection with an appropriate close-front and centralized distribution would be of much help to optimize combustor performances. The results of Test B, whose fuel injection is performed at the optimal injection locations found in Test A, with a given equivalence ratio and different injection proportions for each injector, show that this injection mode is of little benefit to improve combustor performances. The results of Test C with a circumferential fuel injection distribution displaies the possibility of ameliorating combustor performance. By analyzing the effects of injection location parameters on combustor performances on the base of the data of Test C, it is clear that the injector location has strong coupled influences on combus- tor performances. In addition, an inner-force synthesis specific impulse is used to reduce the errors caused by the disturbance of fuel supply and working state of air heater while assessing combustor performances.     

(高)超声速流动试验技术及研究进展

近年来,与高速飞行器相关的(高)超声速流动受到了极大的关注。这类流动所具有的非定常性、强梯度和可压缩性对试验方法和风洞设计技术提出了挑战。超声速纳米示踪平面激光散射(NPLS)技术是由作者所在团队研发的非接触光学测试技术。它能够以较高的空间分辨率来揭示超声速三维流场的一个瞬态剖面的时间解析的流动结构。介绍了NPLS技术以及基于NPLS开发的密度场测量、雷诺应力测量和气动光学波前测量等方法,并回顾了这些技术在超声速边界层、超声速混合层、超声速压缩拐角、激波/边界层相互作用和光学头罩绕流等流动中的应用,清晰地再现了边界层、混合层、激波等典型流场结构及其时空演化特性。另外,为了模拟和研究高空大气条件下边界层自然转捩和超声速混合层的转捩特性,介绍了高超声速静风洞、超-超混合层风洞的设计技术以及层流化喷管的设计方法。     

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.