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对18Cr2Ni4WA钢表面渗碳层内的残余应力在接触疲劳过程的变化进行了跟踪。钢经930℃ 4h渗碳,850℃二次淬火,170℃ 2h回火,磨削加工后,表面硬度HRC 55~57,直径60mm的滚子试样转速1470r/min,滑差-5%,30号机油润滑,油温35~45℃,最大接触应力2668MPa,不同循环周次后用x射线应力分析仪测定残余应力沿表面层的分布,用x射线衍射仪测定残余奥氏体。结果表明,渗碳硬化处理后,在表面层所形成的残余压力在整个接触疲劳过程中变化不大,残余奥氏体转变、马氏体分解也很少。高的组织稳定性是残余应力稳定的主要原因。 相似文献
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通过金相显微镜、X射线衍射分析、热膨胀性能测试和软磁性能测试等方法,研究了850 ℃均匀化退火后炉冷(FC)、空冷(AC)、水冷淬火(WQ)和液氮淬火(LNQ)四种冷却方式对FeNi32Co5合金的显微组织、热膨胀和软磁性能的影响,同时进一步分析了回火处理对合金综合性能的影响。结果表明,OS,FC,AC和WQ试样主要为面心立方(fcc)奥氏体相,同时含有少量的体心立方(bcc)相,LNQ试样出现大量bcc马氏体相,退火后各试样晶粒均发生粗化;WQ试样在20~100℃的平均线膨胀系数α(20~100 ℃)仅为0.38×10-6·K-1,较原始OS试样降低了56.32%,并且最大磁导率μm提升至1.908 k,矫顽力Hc降低至91.32 A/m;对WQ试样进行315 ℃回火处理(WQ-TP)后有效改善了由热应力导致的软磁性能损伤,WQ-TP试样的最大磁导率μm进一步提升至2.993 k,矫顽力Hc降低至57.8 A/m,同时保持了优异的低膨胀性能(α(20~100 ℃) = 0.54×10-6·K-1)。综合考虑下,对均匀化退火后的合金进行水冷淬火和回火处理可获得兼具优异的软磁性能和低膨胀性能的FeNi32Co5合金。 相似文献
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采用电解充氢和三点慢弯曲试验方法研究了23NiCo钢的淬火态以及200℃、450℃、482℃和600℃回火处理的试样的氢脆敏感性。结果表明,23NiCo钢的氢脆抗力与组织中奥氏体的形态、分布有关。482℃回火,在马氏体板条边界形成薄膜状的逆转奥氏体,钢的氢脆抗力有大幅度的提高。此时,延长充氢时间(4~10h)对断裂行为没有影响。 相似文献
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超高强度钢的精细组织与强韧性 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对300M钢的不同淬火状态的组织进行了观察分析。结果表明,钢的组织主要由马氏体和贝氏体组成。一般来说,在一个奥氏体晶粒内存在四个马氏体领域。母相奥氏体和不同马氏体板条之间的取向可分别满足不同的等效的K-S关系。钢中的下贝氏体组织改变了显微组织特征和马氏体束中板条的相对取向,使有效晶粒或板条尺寸减小,从而使钢的强度和韧性获得改进。 相似文献
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45号钢脉冲电子束熔凝处理及微结构研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用多极板赝火花放电装置产生的高功率脉冲电子束对45号钢进行轰击,通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电镜(TEM)的观察,研究了电子束在金属表面和纵向深度上引起的组织结构的变化。结果表明轰击区表面瞬态骤熔急冷,形成了微晶或无序层;剖面组织区域分为熔凝区,马氏体区,热影响区和基体。熔凝区在极高的温度梯度下,具有自淬火效应。马氏体区和热影响区在多脉冲的作用下,相当于经历了多次退火和回火过程,材料组织明显细化。轰击后样品表面的显微硬度与耐腐蚀性测试结果表明,显微组织的细化,改善了金属材料表面的物化性能。采用适当的脉冲数对金属材料表面改性作用效果明显。 相似文献
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通过搭建局部热处理试验装置,对镀锌钢压印接头部位进行火焰淬火处理。然后对试件进行力学性能测试,制备金相试样观察分析经过局部热处理后接头显微组织,并对比热处理前后组织的显微硬度。结果表明:火焰淬火使接头失效时颈部撕裂程度变大;拉剪强度提高16.7%;经过火焰淬火处理接头部位材料组织呈现为板条状马氏体,该组织较未经过热处理的组织显微硬度提升了12.1%。 相似文献
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低合金超高强度钢的淬火组织一般为马氏体和贝氏体组成的复合组织。钢中加硅元素加剧了贝氏体转变的不完全性,使组织更复杂。40CrMnSiMoVA钢是新型航空用超高强度钢,可采用多种热处理工艺达到不同的强度级别。为配合钢的连续冷却曲线的测定,我们用透射电镜研究了不同淬火速度下转变产物的特征及变化规律,可为改进钢的性能,合理制定热处理工艺提供理论依据。 相似文献
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有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计难点问题 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
有翼高超声速再入飞行器是近年来的研究热点,气动设计是飞行器设计的关键。为了更清楚地认识有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计的难点问题,对有翼高超声速再入飞行器的发展、优势及总体任务剖面进行了介绍,从5个方面详细介绍了该类飞行器气动设计的难点问题,包括多约束复杂面对称气动布局设计、高温真实气体效应对气动特性影响、天地差异与天地换算方法、反作用控制系统(RCS)喷流干扰对气动特性的影响以及气动数据不确定度等,简要阐明了这些难点问题对总体设计的重要性以及初步的解决思路,为有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计提供了一些参考。 相似文献
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LUO Cheng LIU Hua YANG Jia-ling LIU Kai-xin 《中国航空学报》2007,20(3):230-235
Crashworthiness requirement of fuel tanks is one of the important requirements in helicopter designs. The relations among the protection frame, textile layer and rubber layer of the fuel tank are introduced. Two appropriate FE models are established, one is for an uncovered helicopter fuel tank without protection frame, and the other is for fuel tank with protection frame. The dynamic responses of the two types of fuel tanks impinging on the ground with velocities of 17.3 m/s are numerically simulated for the purpose of analyzing energy-absorbing capabilities of the textile layer and protection frame. The feasibility of the current crashworthiness design of the fuel tank is examined though comparing the dynamic response behaviors of the two fuel tanks. 相似文献
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The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation. 相似文献
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波音公司面临着来自空客公司的巨大挑战,企业战略性创新才是公司成功的关键。为此波音公司的全部战略性研究集中在扩大产品的差异性上,体现在3个方面:电子化(e-Enabled)运营环境、整体复合材料机身部件的制造技术和支持波音787客机的全球协同环境(GCE)。 相似文献
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临近空间飞行器测控与信息传输系统频段选择 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
临近空间飞行器是高性能信息化武器平台,测控(TT&;C)与信息传输系统是其信息保障的核心,而选择合理、可行的频段是展开系统设计的前提和基础。频段选择影响到整个技术方案的制定,是一个需综合考虑、影响深远并具有战略意义的关键问题,从国际电联(ITU)国际标准、高速数传、接收信噪比(SNR)、“三抗”、超视距中继、黑障、雨衰以及设备研制成熟度8个方面全面、细致论证了近空间平台测控系统的频段选择问题,最终得出在视距链路中以Ka频段为宜,在超视距链路中以Ku/Ka双频段为宜的结论。 相似文献
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基于弯曲激波压缩系统的高超声速进气道反设计研究进展 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
总结了近十年来弯曲激波压缩研究的主要成果。提出了弯曲激波压缩系统的新概念,即利用特殊设计的楔形弯曲压缩面或空间弯曲压缩面,产生一系列与前缘弱激波相互交汇或叠加的压缩波系,从而使前缘激波弯曲,形成特殊的弯曲激波,它与波后的等熵压缩波来共同完成对气流的压缩。在此基础上,实现了由给定出口气动参数的超声速内流道反设计,实现了由给定压缩面压力分布和给定压缩面马赫数分布要求的型面反设计,实现了由给定激波波面的压缩型面反设计。研究证明,弯曲压缩面-弯曲激波压缩系统具有良好的综合气动性能,为高性能高超声速进气系统的气动设计提供了一种全新的设计方法。 相似文献
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Integrated Entry Guidance for Reusable Launch Vehicle 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
NING Guo-dong ZHANG Shu-guang FANG Zhen-ping 《中国航空学报》2007,20(1):1-8
A method for the implementation of integrated three-degree-of-freedom constrained entry guidance for reusable launch vehicle is presented. Given any feasible entry conditions, terminal area energy management interface conditions, and the reference trajectory generated onboard then, the method can generate a longitudinal guidance profile rapidly, featuring linear quadratic regular method and a proportional-integral-derivative tracking law with time-varying gains, which satisfies all the entry corridor constraints and meets the requirements with high precision. Afterwards, by utilizing special features of crossrange parameter, establishing bank-reversal corridor, and determining bank-reversals according to dynamically adjusted method, the algorithm enables the lateral entry guidance system to fly a wide range of missions and provides reliable and good performance in the presence of significant aerodynamic modeling uncertainty. Fast trajectory guidance profiles and simulations with a reusable launch vehicle model for various missions and aerodynamic uncertain-ties are presented to demonstrate the capacity and reliability of this method. 相似文献
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Wu Xianyu Li Xiaoshan Ding Meng Liu Weidong Wang Zhenguo 《中国航空学报》2007,20(6):488-494
In order to investigate the effects of fuel injection distribution on the scramjet combustor performance, there are conducted three sets of test on a hydrocarbon fueled direct-connect scramjet test facility. The results of Test A, whose fuel injection is carried out with injectors located on the top-wall and the bottom-wall, show that the fuel injection with an appropriate close-front and centralized distribution would be of much help to optimize combustor performances. The results of Test B, whose fuel injection is performed at the optimal injection locations found in Test A, with a given equivalence ratio and different injection proportions for each injector, show that this injection mode is of little benefit to improve combustor performances. The results of Test C with a circumferential fuel injection distribution displaies the possibility of ameliorating combustor performance. By analyzing the effects of injection location parameters on combustor performances on the base of the data of Test C, it is clear that the injector location has strong coupled influences on combus- tor performances. In addition, an inner-force synthesis specific impulse is used to reduce the errors caused by the disturbance of fuel supply and working state of air heater while assessing combustor performances. 相似文献
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(高)超声速流动试验技术及研究进展 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
近年来,与高速飞行器相关的(高)超声速流动受到了极大的关注。这类流动所具有的非定常性、强梯度和可压缩性对试验方法和风洞设计技术提出了挑战。超声速纳米示踪平面激光散射(NPLS)技术是由作者所在团队研发的非接触光学测试技术。它能够以较高的空间分辨率来揭示超声速三维流场的一个瞬态剖面的时间解析的流动结构。介绍了NPLS技术以及基于NPLS开发的密度场测量、雷诺应力测量和气动光学波前测量等方法,并回顾了这些技术在超声速边界层、超声速混合层、超声速压缩拐角、激波/边界层相互作用和光学头罩绕流等流动中的应用,清晰地再现了边界层、混合层、激波等典型流场结构及其时空演化特性。另外,为了模拟和研究高空大气条件下边界层自然转捩和超声速混合层的转捩特性,介绍了高超声速静风洞、超-超混合层风洞的设计技术以及层流化喷管的设计方法。 相似文献