高超声速三维碳—碳烧浊流场的数值研究

本文针对高超声速再体的烧蚀现象 ,利用简单隐式TVD差分格式和激波捕捉法 ,数值求解三维化学非平衡Navier Stokes方程 ,其中化学模型是碳 碳 (C C)空气化学模型 ,考虑 12个化学组分和 31个化学反应过程 ,研究了C C烧蚀对再入体头部区域的壁面温度和热流分布的影响。为了计算效率和稳定性提出壁面条件显式处理的方法。对再入高度为 6 5km和速度为 8km/s的再入体头部区域烧蚀流场进行了数值模拟 ,用飞行迎角α =0°的计算结果与国外文献进行了比较 ,符合得较好。同时给出了三维小迎角α =5°的计算结果     

带座舱飞船高超声速粘性绕流的分离形态及流场结构分析

通过求解薄层近似的Ｎａｖｉｅｒ－Ｓｔｏｋｅｓ方程，数值模拟了带座舱飞船高超声速粘性绕流，首次系统地给出了攻角为５°、１０°、２０°、３０°和４０°情况下的物面分离形态、横戴面流线形态、纵剖面流线形态以及旋涡沿涡轴的演变形态。分析和比较表明，本文采用数值可视化方法给出的流场拓扑结构与相应的拓扑规律完全吻合。在飞船后体流场横截面流线中，本文发现了稳定的极限环流态，该极限环涡心处沿涡轴方向的速度是超声速     

平衡气体效应对飞行器动态特性的影响研究

通过数值求解N-S方程,模拟升力体外形的强迫振动过程,研究了平衡气体效应对带翼飞行器俯仰阻尼导数的影响。分别在完全气体和平衡气体假定条件下,给出了h=30km,Ma∞=8,α=0°,10°,20°,30°时的俯仰阻尼导数变化的定量分析结果。     

硅基材料烧蚀产物对再入体流场特性影响的数值计算

针对常规再入体低温烧蚀的硅基防热材料,考虑热解效应和硅碳反应,采用24个组分57个化学反应式的空气/烧蚀化学模型,初步建立了数值模拟再入过程非平衡流场的烧蚀计算模型,并对典型简化钝锥再入体的再入绕流流场和弹道靶试验模型绕流流场进行了数值计算,分析了再入体表面温度和流场烧蚀组分等参数变化规律以及硅基材料烧蚀效应对流场特性的影响。     

翼型湿空气非平衡凝结流动的数值研究

 湿空气非平衡凝结会对机翼的气动特性造成显著影响。通过对Fluent软件进行二次开发,发展了一种求解湿空气非平衡凝结流动的数值方法并进行了验证。对NACA0012翼型在迎角为0°和1.5°时的湿空气非平衡凝结流动进行了分析。结果表明：与干空气流动相比,在30％～70％相对湿度范围内,湿空气非平衡凝结流动中升力系数显著降低,而阻力系数则可能增加或减小;0°迎角条件下,压差阻力系数最大增加了68.3％;在迎角为1.5°时,升力系数最大减小39.8％,而压差阻力系数最大减小了34.8％。造成翼型气动特性显著变化的原因在于：湿空气中水蒸气凝结放热对跨声速气流加热,导致翼型表面附近的流速、压力与流场结构发生了显著变化。     

一种跳跃式返回再入的预测—校正制导方法

再入地球大气是探月飞船返回的关键阶段,再入制导是返回再入中的难点问题.飞船跳跃式再入过程复杂,标准轨道制导方法难以满足任务要求,因此具有高精度和强鲁棒性的预测—校正制导方法成为解决问题的首选.以探月飞船跳跃式再入为背景,设计了数值预测—校正制导律,研究了基于嵌套式积分算法的航程快速预报方法和基于有界试位法的倾侧角剖面快速更新算法,提出了一种气动系数误差和大气密度误差的在线参数辨识方法,并基于最大偏差法和蒙特卡洛打靶法进行了仿真分析.结果表明,预测—校正再入制导方法在跳跃式再入问题上具有较高的精度和较好的鲁棒性.5 000 km再入航程时,开伞点误差在2.5 km以内.     

不同热化学非平衡模型对高超声速喷管流场影响的数值分析

采用轴对称NS方程,数值研究不同热化学非平衡模型对高超声速喷管流场的影响,包括:(1)不同组元数的高温空气模型(5组元、7组元1、1组元)的比较;(2)热力非平衡(双温度)的化学动力过程与热力平衡(单温度)的化学动力过程的比较。计算结果表明,高焓风洞实验条件下喷管流场处于热力和化学都是非平衡的状态。在计算条件下,数值模拟以采用7组元或11组元的热化学非平衡模型为宜。     

低温烧蚀材料的烧蚀实验研究

本文给出了低温烧蚀材料的高超声速风洞烧蚀实验研究的结果。模型外形是半锥角为9°的球锥体,头部半径为15毫米和25毫米,材料为蜂蜡和樟脑,实验条件是M_∞=6,α=0°、2°、6°和8°,Re_∞为(1.90～4.42)×10~7米~(-1)。实验结果表明:随着Re_∞的增加,可以获得层流、转捩和湍流烧蚀表面形态和端头烧蚀外形;证实了在实验过程的后期出现平衡外形,在平衡外形中存在角点;融熔型材料和升华型材料的烧蚀表面形态差别较大;有攻角和零攻角的烧蚀外形有较大差异。     

跨流域空气动力学模拟方法与返回舱再入气动研究

针对回收类航天器(返回舱)再入过程所遇跨流域多尺度非平衡绕流问题,综述基于Boltzmann方程碰撞积分物理分析与可计算建模,构造考虑完全气体、转动非平衡、含振动能激发热力学非平衡效应各流域统一Boltzmann模型方程,及由此建立返回舱再入气动力热绕流问题气体动理论统一算法研究进展与算法检验。作为方法间验证结合,进一步简述了融合再入热化学稀薄气体电离非平衡流动DSMC方法、近连续过渡流区N-S/DSMC耦合算法、经滑移边界修正的N-S方程解算器、低密度风洞实验测试等多种空气动力学模拟手段,建立求解Boltzmann模型方程气体动理论统一算法(GKUA)、DSMC、N-S/DSMC、滑移N-S解算器、低密度风洞实验验证补充,适于返回舱再入从外层空间自由分子流到近地面连续流跨流域空气动力学一体化模拟平台。将此平台用于再入H=110～30km各流域球体、高超声速尖前缘中空柱裙、返回式卫星球锥体、飞船返回舱稀薄过渡流以至近连续流区气动力/热与姿态配平绕流问题计算与实验分析比较,证实统一算法在高稀薄流区,与DSMC吻合很好;在连续流区,与(滑移)N-S解算器相一致;在中间过渡带,与N-S/DSMC耦合算法相容;具有全飞行流域很好的计算一致收敛性。简述了跨流域空气动力学几种模拟手段的适应性特点与展望,揭示了返回舱再入跨流域复杂高超声速流动变化规律。     

粘性流场三维NS方程有限体积法数值解

提出了有限体积法中的隐式ＮＮＤ格式数值求解三维全ＮＳ方程的薄层三维ＮＳ方程的方法，对绕带座舱的再入飞行器高超声速粘性流动进行数值模拟。     

有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计难点问题

有翼高超声速再入飞行器是近年来的研究热点,气动设计是飞行器设计的关键。为了更清楚地认识有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计的难点问题,对有翼高超声速再入飞行器的发展、优势及总体任务剖面进行了介绍,从5个方面详细介绍了该类飞行器气动设计的难点问题,包括多约束复杂面对称气动布局设计、高温真实气体效应对气动特性影响、天地差异与天地换算方法、反作用控制系统(RCS)喷流干扰对气动特性的影响以及气动数据不确定度等,简要阐明了这些难点问题对总体设计的重要性以及初步的解决思路,为有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计提供了一些参考。     

Simulation and Analysis of Crashworthiness of Fuel Tank for Helicopters

Crashworthiness requirement of fuel tanks is one of the important requirements in helicopter designs. The relations among the protection frame, textile layer and rubber layer of the fuel tank are introduced. Two appropriate FE models are established, one is for an uncovered helicopter fuel tank without protection frame, and the other is for fuel tank with protection frame. The dynamic responses of the two types of fuel tanks impinging on the ground with velocities of 17.3 m/s are numerically simulated for the purpose of analyzing energy-absorbing capabilities of the textile layer and protection frame. The feasibility of the current crashworthiness design of the fuel tank is examined though comparing the dynamic response behaviors of the two fuel tanks.     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

突破技术趋同，波音再现竞争优势

 波音公司面临着来自空客公司的巨大挑战,企业战略性创新才是公司成功的关键。为此波音公司的全部战略性研究集中在扩大产品的差异性上,体现在3个方面：电子化（e-Enabled）运营环境、整体复合材料机身部件的制造技术和支持波音787客机的全球协同环境（GCE）。     

临近空间飞行器测控与信息传输系统频段选择

 临近空间飞行器是高性能信息化武器平台,测控（TT&;C）与信息传输系统是其信息保障的核心,而选择合理、可行的频段是展开系统设计的前提和基础。频段选择影响到整个技术方案的制定,是一个需综合考虑、影响深远并具有战略意义的关键问题,从国际电联（ITU）国际标准、高速数传、接收信噪比（SNR）、“三抗”、超视距中继、黑障、雨衰以及设备研制成熟度8个方面全面、细致论证了近空间平台测控系统的频段选择问题,最终得出在视距链路中以Ka频段为宜,在超视距链路中以Ku/Ka双频段为宜的结论。     

基于弯曲激波压缩系统的高超声速进气道反设计研究进展

总结了近十年来弯曲激波压缩研究的主要成果。提出了弯曲激波压缩系统的新概念,即利用特殊设计的楔形弯曲压缩面或空间弯曲压缩面,产生一系列与前缘弱激波相互交汇或叠加的压缩波系,从而使前缘激波弯曲,形成特殊的弯曲激波,它与波后的等熵压缩波来共同完成对气流的压缩。在此基础上,实现了由给定出口气动参数的超声速内流道反设计,实现了由给定压缩面压力分布和给定压缩面马赫数分布要求的型面反设计,实现了由给定激波波面的压缩型面反设计。研究证明,弯曲压缩面-弯曲激波压缩系统具有良好的综合气动性能,为高性能高超声速进气系统的气动设计提供了一种全新的设计方法。     

Experimental Study on Effects of Fuel Injection on Scramjet Combustor Performance

In order to investigate the effects of fuel injection distribution on the scramjet combustor performance, there are conducted three sets of test on a hydrocarbon fueled direct-connect scramjet test facility. The results of Test A, whose fuel injection is carried out with injectors located on the top-wall and the bottom-wall, show that the fuel injection with an appropriate close-front and centralized distribution would be of much help to optimize combustor performances. The results of Test B, whose fuel injection is performed at the optimal injection locations found in Test A, with a given equivalence ratio and different injection proportions for each injector, show that this injection mode is of little benefit to improve combustor performances. The results of Test C with a circumferential fuel injection distribution displaies the possibility of ameliorating combustor performance. By analyzing the effects of injection location parameters on combustor performances on the base of the data of Test C, it is clear that the injector location has strong coupled influences on combus- tor performances. In addition, an inner-force synthesis specific impulse is used to reduce the errors caused by the disturbance of fuel supply and working state of air heater while assessing combustor performances.     

(高)超声速流动试验技术及研究进展

近年来,与高速飞行器相关的(高)超声速流动受到了极大的关注。这类流动所具有的非定常性、强梯度和可压缩性对试验方法和风洞设计技术提出了挑战。超声速纳米示踪平面激光散射(NPLS)技术是由作者所在团队研发的非接触光学测试技术。它能够以较高的空间分辨率来揭示超声速三维流场的一个瞬态剖面的时间解析的流动结构。介绍了NPLS技术以及基于NPLS开发的密度场测量、雷诺应力测量和气动光学波前测量等方法,并回顾了这些技术在超声速边界层、超声速混合层、超声速压缩拐角、激波/边界层相互作用和光学头罩绕流等流动中的应用,清晰地再现了边界层、混合层、激波等典型流场结构及其时空演化特性。另外,为了模拟和研究高空大气条件下边界层自然转捩和超声速混合层的转捩特性,介绍了高超声速静风洞、超-超混合层风洞的设计技术以及层流化喷管的设计方法。     

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.