大规模CFD流场可视化分析系统的应用

设计了大规模计算流体动力学（CFD）流场可视化分析系统（FVAS）,系统具有完善而实用的大规模三维定常和非定常流场数据预处理与特征提取、体绘制、几何图形（流线、等值面等）绘制、纹理绘制等功能,并提供多种数据分析手段和良好的交互方法.通过8种展示方式、3种显示模式以及5种视图类型展示流场数据内外流结构特征及其复杂的物理现象.同时系统针对时变数据提供动画展示功能并支持单机多核并行.案例分析表明该系统简单实用,通用性高,多种混合绘制技术能够有效展现燃烧室、进气道等流场数据内部反应情况,切面、剖分等交互方式多视图显示局部细节特征,并通过图表、曲线图等分析工具统计分析具体网格单元的信息.完成测试案例300例,与传统CFD软件相比提升70%以上的绘制效率,系统故障率为0.6%,功能事务成功率100%,有效加速对流场数据的分析统计过程.      

三维仿真动画的开发技巧

以柱塞泵三维仿真动画的开发过程为例,分析了三维仿真动画的特点及其在教学、科研中的应用价值;探讨了三维仿真动画在三维建模、动作设置、动画渲染等方面的技巧。     

The Cassini Magnetic Field Investigation

The dual technique magnetometer system onboard the Cassini orbiter is described. This instrument consists of vector helium and fluxgate magnetometers with the capability to operate the helium device in a scalar mode. This special mode is used near the planet in order to determine with very high accuracy the interior field of the planet. The orbital mission will lead to a detailed understanding of the Saturn/Titan system including measurements of the planetary magnetosphere, and the interactions of Saturn with the solar wind, of Titan with its environments, and of the icy satellites within the magnetosphere.This revised version was published online in July 2005 with a corrected cover date.     

A satellite interference location system using differential timeand phase measurement techniques

The design and development of a system for inferring the position of terrestrial satellite uplink stations using existing domestic satellites with minimal disruption to normal satellite operation are described. Two methods are presented by which a quantity measured at a terrestrial receiving site is mapped into a curve of possible uplink locations on the Earth's surface. One method involves measuring differential time delays of a single uplink signal observed through two adjacent spacecraft. The other uses a short baseline interferometer composed of the two cross-polarized and spatially separated antenna feeds aboard an affected satellite. A unique location is obtained by using an appropriate combination of the two methods. A system for measurement of the required differential delays and phases and experimental work performed to demonstrate the feasibility of the location methods are described     

基于傅里叶展开的电动力绳系卫星最优控制

电动力绳系卫星的推力幅值较小且方向固定,完成轨道机动任务的周期长,其最优控制问题的求解比较困难.采用在傅里叶空间描述的轨道动力学模型,将控制量电流表示为傅里叶级数的形式,并推导了用傅里叶系数作为参量的椭圆轨道运动的平均轨道根数方程.在此基础上构造了电动力绳系卫星轨道机动的最优控制模型,通过直接配置法将其转化为非线性规划...     

A systematic approach to nonlinear rotorcraft model identification

The development of a powerful parameter estimation routine and its integration into the simulation environment HOST is described. With this tool approaches are being made towards new strategies of mathematical modeling, aimed at providing highly accurate and nevertheless run-time efficient simulation models. The identification routine is capable of optimizing parameterized models in both dynamic time domain simulation and static (e.g. trim state variation) conditions. Examples of both cases are presented to emphasize the improvement in the system response prediction and to demonstrate the abilities of the identification techniques in combination with the nonlinear simulation platform. This article reviews the activities and achievements accomplished by the DLR Institute of Flight Research and the ONERA Systems Control and Flight Dynamics Department during the last few years in the research on rotorcraft flight dynamics modeling and model identification. Future activities that require extensive high fidelity modeling are in the scope of the current and coming modeling activities that include the use of the presented methods and software technologies.     

一种基于图形化建模的遥测参数配置工具

设计了一种基于图形化建模的适用于多星遥测参数配置的软件工具,将实际存在的物理对象作为独立的模块、使用相关图元和界面建立其逻辑模型,并可将遥测参数配置信息和图形模型绑定其中。同时根据遥测参数配置模型的特点,制定适用于遥测参数配置信息的描述规范,根据此规范对逻辑模型进行描述,最终模型以XML（可扩展标记语言）文件形式存储。该工具可在不同卫星之间复用。实践应用表明,该工具可以将配置过程非专业化和可视化,减少重复工作,降低了配置过程中的出错概率,提高配置工作的效率和质量,实现多星遥测参数配置图形化显示和配置工作的批量化。     

飞机大迎角非定常气动力建模研究进展

准确建立非定常气动力数学模型,是飞机大迎角飞行控制律设计、飞行动力学分析和飞行仿真的基础与前提。鉴于此,对大迎角非定常气动力建模研究进展,包括数学建模方法和人工智能建模方法两类进行了系统综述。其中：数学类建模方法是以对非定常流动现象和机理认识为基础的,主要有气动导数模型、非线性阶跃响应模型、状态空间模型、微分方程模型、非线性阶跃响应与状态空间混合模型以及迎角速率模型等;人工智能方法回避了复杂流动机理,属于黑箱非线性系统建模,主要有神经网络模型、模糊逻辑模型和支持向量机模型等。对于每种气动力模型,阐述了其建模思路和方法,给出了典型应用情况,并对其特点和局限性作了简要评述。最后,指出了当前大迎角非定常气动力建模研究工作存在的问题和未来研究方向。     

Kalman Estimation and Control of Dual-Spin Satellites

lt is necessary to maintain the spin axis of dual-spin geostationary communications satellites with nontracking ground antennas to within 0.1 degree of the orbit normal by periodic attitude corrections. Normally, the data for attitude estimation are determined from the analog sensor waveforms telemetered to the ground station. This information is supplied to the attitude determination program, which processes the data and outputs the right ascension and declination of the spin axis. An application of the extended Kalman/ filter in estimating the attitude of dual-spin geostationary satellites is presented. The precession of the angular momentum vector by the solar radia-tion torque is considered to be the only natural attitude perturbation. The orbital dynamics are considered to be known and are decoupled from the attitude dynamics. A periodic attitude control policy is then derived.     

HOI延迟对LEO卫星简化动力学POD的影响

通常使用无电离层(IF)线性组合(LC)消除低地球轨道(LEO)卫星简化动力学精密定轨(POD)一阶电离层延迟误差,忽略了高阶电离层(HOI)延迟误差。随着LEO卫星POD技术的发展,计算不同轨道高度的HOI延迟并探索其变化已成为进一步提高POD精度的重要手段。首先,使用国际参考电离层-2016(IRI-2016)和国际地磁参考场第13代(IGRF-13)模型,计算电离层穿刺点(IPP)位置和地磁场强度。其次,使用平滑星载GNSS数据计算电离层斜路径总电子含量(STEC)。然后,分别计算GOCE、GRACE-A和SWARM-A/B卫星的二阶和三阶电离层延迟。最后,评估了HOI延迟对LEO卫星重叠轨道分析、卫星激光测距(SLR)检核和精密科学轨道(PSO)比较结果的影响。实验结果表明：HOI延迟对LEO卫星简化动力学POD的影响大约在毫米至厘米的数量级上;HOI延迟对LEO卫星简化动力学POD外符合精度的影响分别达到0.92,0.22,0.21和0.18 mm;随着LEO卫星轨道高度的增加,HOI延迟对LEO卫星简化动力学POD的影响减小。     

Minimum Number of Satellites for Three-Dimensional Continuous Worldwide Coverage

Global positioning by means of satellites requires simultaneous observation by at least four satellites. The problem is to determine the minimum number of satellites and the corresponding orbital geometry necessary to satisfy this requirement on a continuous basis. To model the problem, a fixed number of users are assumed uniformly distributed in a known manner over the surface of the earth, and the satellites are restricted to exist in either three or four orbital planes. However, the orbit radius and inclination angle are left as variables. Under these assumptions, and starting with a small number of satellites which will be increased afterwards, an algorithm is developed to determine the visibility of satellites at each surface location. In this way it is possible to specify the minimum number of satellites needed by any desired orbital geometry. It is found that the number of satellites required for three-dimensional continuous worldwide coverage decreases as the orbit radius is increased. There appears to be no general trend regarding the effect of the inclination angle on the minimum number of satellites.     

双星预警系统弹道参数估计及一些问题分析

主要讨论由2颗地球同步轨道卫星组成的卫星预警系统(简称双星预警系统)中弹道导弹参数的估计问题。阐述了主动段运动的建模问题和弹道数据处理方法,考虑到微分求速的重要性,采用了带光滑约束的样条拟合方法。结合预警系统对弹道导弹预警的具体情况,分别讨论了预警系统下的发射原点估计、射向估计、关机时刻估计、关机点弹道参数估计、落点估计等问题。还讨论了系统中存在的两个问题的分析与解决。模型及分析方法均经过理论和仿真的验证,可应用于双星预警系统下的实际预警的研究。     

A nickel/hydrogen battery for PV systems

The nickel-hydrogen battery, developed in the early nineteen-seventies as an energy-storage subsystem for commercial communication satellites, is discussed. The advantages offered by nickel-hydrogen batteries, including long life, low maintenance and high reliability, make it very attractive for terrestrial applications such as stand-alone photovoltaic systems. The major drawback to the wider use of the nickel-hydrogen battery is its high initial cost. A 7-kWh battery has been on test since January 1988 using a flat-plate photovoltaic array for charging. The cell, battery design and test methods are briefly described, and the results of cycling and solar tests are presented. It is concluded that the battery is well suited for remote solar applications     

飞轮被动减振卫星动力学建模及稳定性研究

为提高卫星的指向精度和稳定度,通常在飞轮系统中设计了被动减振器。而对于有敏捷机动要求的卫星,被动减振器的低刚度设计可能会破坏姿态控制系统的动态性能和稳定性。因此,针对飞轮减振情况,建立了卫星刚柔姿态动力学方程,用来准确分析卫星敏捷机动时的动态性能、稳定性问题以及飞轮扰动对卫星稳定度的影响。仿真结果表明,不合适的隔振器刚度设计将会影响指向的动态性能和稳定性,甚至诱发姿控系统失稳。     

月球探测卫星的轨道支持

主要讨论采用月球卫星的探测方式时，月球探测器对测控系统的轨道支持要求和实现手段。重点对月球卫星转移轨道段的轨道测量和确定方法进行研究，利用仿真的地面站的测距和测角资料进行了定轨误差分析。     

基于拉格朗日力学的伞-弹系统动力学模型

为了回避牛顿力学体系在多体动力学建模过程中存在的复杂约束力求解问题,以拉格朗日力学体系为基础,从分析力学的角度出发,建立了铅垂平面内降落伞-弹系统五自由度动力学模型。详细介绍了拉格朗日力学体系动力学建模过程,推导了铅垂平面内伞-弹系统动能公式,解决了伞-弹系统广义力求解问题,给出了伞-弹所受空气动力的广义力表示。算例将建立的伞-弹系统模型和牛顿力学体系下简化的伞-弹模型进行对比,两种模型计算结果吻合,验证了本文模型的正确性。降落伞-弹系统动力学模型验证了拉格朗日力学在常规飞行器动力学建模中的可行性,为使用ADAMS等基于拉格朗日力学思想建模的商业软件进行伞-弹系统动力学求解提供理论依据,可以用于指导伞-弹系统的分析和设计。     

Geolocation of frequency-hopping transmitters via satellite

An analysis of satellite-communications terminal geolocation performed by means of interception of ground terminal uplink transmissions in which a number of spaceborne interceptors transpond the frequency band of interest to terrestrial location for processing is presented. Interception regions for prototypical terminals and satellites are calculated and the results are presented parametrically as a function of uplink signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The optimum angular separation of the interceptor satellites is found, and the effect of nonoptimal separation is discussed, as are the practical limitations involved in implementing this geolocation system     

天/地基多平台空间目标光电观测时效性分析

针对如何部署光学探测设备才能更好实现对空间目标的高精度高频度监视问题,考虑光照条件、相对关系及探测性能,构建了天/地基空间目标探测与成像仿真模型;按照轨道特征选取了94颗LEO（Low Earth Orbit,低地球轨道）卫星、63颗GEO（Geosynchronous Earth Orbit,地球同步轨道）卫星和18颗大椭圆轨道卫星,选用春夏秋冬典型季节的特定时间长度,仿真分析了国内地基、南北极科考站、LEO卫星、准GEO卫星等多平台光电手段的位置探测和成像观测能力;比对分析地基平台纬度和季节、天基平台轨道高度和倾角对探测能力的影响得出：南北极科考站相比于国内站点可提高重点季节的探测时效性,98°倾角LEO平台对低轨目标成像时效性方面更具优势,等.在此基础上,提出了我国空间目标光电观测设备天地一体的布局构想.     

Geostationary tether satellite system and its application tocommunication systems

The geostationary tether satellite system expands the geostationary orbit resource from a one-dimensional arc into a two-dimensional disk. The tethered satellites, each several thousand kilometers apart and aligned along the local vertical, are stabilized at the altitude of the geosynchronous orbital speed. When this system is applied to communications systems, it is estimated that the number of satellites can be increased as much as thirteenfold and the communication capacity can be increased more than seventeenfold, compared with a conventional geostationary satellite orbit system