双星定姿的建模与仿真

提出一种新的双星定姿方法,即利用２颗地球同步卫星载波信号测定运动载体的姿态,文中就双星定姿原理及精度进行了深入探讨。计算机仿真试验表明,当载波相位单差观测值均方差为０．０２周,天线阵列为１ｍ×１ｍ时,双星定姿均方差可达偏航０．２３°,俯仰０．１８°。     

基于双GPS接收机的精密定向研究

GPS定位系统除了可以进行定位、测速和授时外 ,还可以利用两个或多个GPS测量值进行方位测量和三轴姿态测量。文章对利用两块GPSOEM板同步接收的载波相位观测量来精密测定方位进行了深入研究。首先利用载波相位的双差观测方程 ;再根据两个天线间距离已知这个条件 ,对方位和俯仰进行二维搜索 ,并采用了模糊度函数作为搜索的判断依据 ;最后根据最小二乘计算出两个天线的基线矢量 ,从而最终计算出精密的方位值和俯仰角。经过大量的试验表明 ,该算法是切实可行的 ,在 5m基线下 ,方位精度达到 0 0 8°,而且定向时间一般只需 1min左右     

联合CDGPS技术和星间相对测量进行编队星座状态确定

以空间圆3星编队星座为对象,建立了联合GPS载波相位差分(Carrier phase Differential GPS,CDGPS)和星间相对测量进行编队星座状态确定的数学模型;利用高精度的星间相对测量信息给星间公里级基线提供厘米级约束,极大地缩小了星间单差模糊度的搜索空间,进而在卫星无需机动的情况下采用Bayes最小二乘法快速解算出星间GPS载波相位单差整周模糊度;最后数学仿真证明了方法的有效性,结果表明卫星间相对位詈确定精度达10^-2m．卫星姿态确定精度达10^-3rad．     

双星定向试验研究

在前期的模糊度求解方法探讨及精度仿真分析的基础上,集成了一套双天线的北斗定向系统,并进行了大量的静基座及车载试验,对实际定向结果进行了精度分析．试验结果证实,静基座旋转基线及作者所提出的车载等效转动基线解模糊方法是可行的,系统的静态重复精度(1σ)优于方位角0．016 27°、俯仰角0．012 97°, 静态方位绝对精度优于0．358 95°,动态方位稳定度达0．08602°．双星定向可在实际应用中以短时间提供较高精度方位信息．该项技术将进一步拓展当前北斗卫星系统功能．     

基于载波相位三差的航天器GPS/INS组合定姿算法

研究了一种利用GPS载波相位三差观测信息的多天线GPS/INS组合定姿算法,其中包含一个基于惯性测量信息的GPS载波相位周跳检测算法。最后,通过仿真分析验证了该组合算法可以有效提高定姿精度,同时具有较好的稳定性。     

星载GPS低轨卫星几何法精密定轨研究

本文讨论了星载ＧＰＳ接收机为单频情形的代轨卫星几何法定轨,包括载波一相对定轨法和动态网定轨法,并利用Ｔｏｐｅｘ／Ｐｏｓｅｉｄｏｎ卫星星载ＧＰＳ实测数据中Ｌ１载波相位观测值进行验证,结果表明,载波相位相对定轨精度与地面基准站的观测质量有关,其三轨道位置精度为分米级;载波相位动态风定轨精度介于各基准站皮相位相对定轨之间,它相当于在各基准站相对定轨之间加权均衡,而且提高了定轨的可靠性。     

GPS和类GPS测距技术在双星编队星座状态确定中的联合应用

为提高状态确定的精度,借鉴AFF技术引入一种辅助手段——类似GPS的伪距和载波相位测距技术(简称类GPS测距技术)．它的伪码码元和载波相位波长比GPS的更短,因而可获得更高精度的相对测量信息．针对对地观测的双星编队星座的状态确定任务,建立了联合GPS和类GPS测距技术进行编队星座状态整体确定的数学模型,并快速同时解算出GPS星间单差模糊度和类GPS星内单差模糊度,最后进行了数学仿真．仿真结果表明,编队状态的精度有明显提高,其中相对位置精度为10~(-3)m,姿态角精度为10~(-4)rad．仿真证明该方法有效．     

基于相位条纹的高精度GPS码相位测量方法

GPS接收机在测量卫星到接收机的传播距离时,通常能得到码相位和载波相位2个基本测量值。虽然载波相位测量值比码相位测量值精度高,但存在整周模糊度的问题,在实际应用中比采用码相位的技术付出的代价高很多。因此,基于相位条纹技术,提出了一种高精度的码相位测量方法。在传统码跟踪环的基础上,通过提取互功率谱相位条纹的频率,得到高精度的码相位测量值,从而组装出高精度的码伪距。仿真实验结果表明:在信噪比为-15 dB的情况下,码相位测量误差均方差约0.37 m,优于传统延迟锁定环在相同条件下约1.82 m的跟踪精度。得到了比传统码跟踪环更高的码相位测量精度的同时,不需要解算载波相位的整周模糊度,对提高GPS定位精度具有研究意义和应用价值。      

载波相位/捷联惯导组合对高轨飞行器的导航

高轨飞行器可用卫星数目较少,信号空间链路损耗大,使用伪距进行测量的精度较低.提出基于GNSS(Global Navigation Satellite System)卫星载波相位与捷联惯导紧组合方法对高轨机动飞行器进行自主导航.该方法将连续跟踪的卫星初次可用时的整周模糊度的浮点解作为状态变量,通过平方根UKF建立了组合导航非线性滤波模型,提出了基于整周浮点解交集的滤波器故障检测方法.研究表明,提出的组合导航方法充分利用了载波相位高测量精度和系统性误差缓变的特点,提高了系统的可靠性和精度.     

单星定向技术研究

提出了一种仅利用一颗地球静止轨道卫星完成定向的新方法,并利用北斗双星定位系统进行了定向试验.试验结果表明,对于0.827 m长基线,单星定向精度可达0.07°,从而说明利用一颗地球静止轨道卫星进行定向在原理上是正确的,方法是可行的.      

Learning in an immersive digital theater

The Houston Museum of Natural Science, in collaboration with Rice University has an outreach program taking portable digital theaters to schools and community sites for over five years and has conducted research on student learning in this immersive environment. By using an external independent evaluator, the effectiveness of NASA-funded Education and Public Outreach (EPO) projects can be assessed. This paper documents interactive techniques and learning strategies in full-dome digital theaters. The presentation is divided into Evaluation Strategies and Results and Interactivity Strategies and Results. All learners from grades 3–12 showed statistically significant short-term increase in knowledge of basic Earth science concepts after a single 22-min show. Improvements were more significant on items that were taught using more than one modality of instruction: hearing, seeing, discussion, and immersion. Thus immersive theater can be an effective as well as engaging teaching method for Earth and Space science concepts, particularly those that are intrinsically three-dimensional and thus most effectively taught in an immersive environment. The portable system allows taking the educational experience to rural and tribal sites where the underserved students could not afford the time or expense to travel to museums.     

Scaling analysis and model estimation of solar corona index

A monthly average solar green coronal index time series for the period from January 1939 to December 2008 collected from NOAA (The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) has been analysed in this paper in perspective of scaling analysis and modelling. Smoothed and de-noising have been done using suitable mother wavelet as a pre-requisite. The Finite Variance Scaling Method (FVSM), Higuchi method, rescaled range (R/S) and a generalized method have been applied to calculate the scaling exponents and fractal dimensions of the time series. Autocorrelation function (ACF) is used to find autoregressive (AR) process and Partial autocorrelation function (PACF) has been used to get the order of AR model. Finally a best fit model has been proposed using Yule-Walker Method with supporting results of goodness of fit and wavelet spectrum. The results reveal an anti-persistent, Short Range Dependent (SRD), self-similar property with signatures of non-causality, non-stationarity and nonlinearity in the data series. The model shows the best fit to the data under observation.     

Stochastic particle acceleration by the forced interaction of relativistic current sheets

We address the problem of interacting relativistic current sheets in self-consistent kinetic plasma simulations within the framework of the Particle-In-Cell model. The interaction is enforced in head-on collisions of up to 10 current sheets at relativistic bulk speeds. The simulations are motivated by the general problem of Poynting flux dissipation in ‘striped wind’ configurations presumably governing the relativistic outflows pervasive in pulsar winds and gamma-ray bursts. We identify the generation of non-thermal particles and formation of a stable power-law shape in the particle energy distributions f(γ) dγ ∝ γ^−s dγ. In 1D, a spectral index s ∼ 2 is observed and attributed to a stochastic Fermi-type acceleration mechanism. In 2D, the generic index of s ∼ 3–4 is retained as in previous simulations of individual current sheets. Whereas in 2D the high energy cut-off is constrained by the limited dissipation of magnetic energy, in 1D the process converts the bulk motion of current sheets towards directed particle momentum of an exclusive class of non-thermal particles.     

Development of a gas chromatography compatible Sample Processing System (SPS) for the in-situ analysis of refractory organic matter in martian soil: preliminary results

In the frame of the 2009 Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) mission a new sample preparation system (SPS) compatible with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) has been developed for the in situ analysis of complex organic molecules in the Martian soil. The goal is to detect, if they exist, some of the key compounds that play an important role in life on Earth including carboxylic acids, amino acids and nucleobases.     

基于LuGre模型的电液加载系统摩擦补偿

为了提高电液加载系统控制精度,针对摩擦问题提出了基于LuGre摩擦模型的前馈补偿方法.建立了用于摩擦仿真分析和补偿器设计的电液加载系统数学模型;通过实验获取并分析了相关的摩擦数据;基于实验数据进行LuGre模型参数辨识,把LuGre模型和辨识结果引入电液加载系统数学模型,并进行仿真结果与实际摩擦数据的对照,证明了LuGre摩擦模型的准确性.设计前馈补偿器,进行了实验对比,实验结果表明前馈补偿器可将摩擦产生的控制误差有效地降至未补偿时的30%左右.      

Concept options for the aerial survey of Titan

Various aerial platforms intended for long endurance survey of the Titan surface are presented. A few novel concepts are introduced, including a heated methane balloon and a balloon with a tethered wind turbine. All the concept options are predicted to have lower scientific payload fractions than the Huygens probe. It is concluded that the selection of the best aerial platform option depends on more accurate mass estimates and a clear decision on whether, or not, in situ surface composition measurements are required in conjunction with aerial remote sensing.     

Heterogeneous solid/gas chemistry of organic compounds related to comets,meteorites, Titan,and Mars: Laboratory and in lower Earth orbit experiments

To understand the evolution of organic molecules involved in extraterrestrial environments and with exobiological implications, many experimental programs in the laboratory are devoted to photochemical studies in the gaseous phase as well as in the solid state. The validity of such studies and their applications to extraterrestrial environments can be questioned as long as experiments conducted in space conditions, with the full solar spectrum, especially in the short wavelength domain, have not been implemented. The experiments that are described here will be carried out on a FOTON capsule, using the BIOPAN facility, and on the International Space Station, using the EXPOSE facility. Vented and sealed exposition cells will be used, which will allow us to study the chemical evolution in the gaseous phase as well as heterogeneous processes, such as the degradation of solid compounds and the release of gaseous fragments.     

CoRoT and Kepler results: Solar-like oscillators

The space-borne observatories CoRoT (Convection Rotation and planetary Transits) and Kepler have provided photometric time series data of unprecedented precision for large numbers of stars. These data have revolutionized the fields of transiting exoplanets and asteroseismology. In this review some important asteroseismic results obtained using data from the CoRoT and Kepler space missions concerning stars that show solar-like oscillations are discussed. These results comprise, among others, measurements of the location of the base of the convection zone and helium second-ionization zone in main-sequence stars, the presence (or not) of core-helium burning in red-giant stars, as well as differential rotation in these stars.     

Return to Europa: Overview of the Jupiter Europa orbiter mission

Missions to explore Europa have been imagined ever since the Voyager mission first suggested that Europa was geologically very young. Subsequently, the Galileo spacecraft supplied fascinating new insights into this satellite of Jupiter. Now, an international team is proposing a return to the Jupiter system and Europa with the Europa Jupiter System Mission (EJSM). Currently, NASA and ESA are designing two orbiters that would explore the Jovian system and then each would settle into orbit around one of Jupiter’s icy satellites, Europa and Ganymede. In addition, the Japanese Aerospace eXploration Agency (JAXA) is considering a Jupiter magnetospheric orbiter and the Russian Space Agency is investigating a Europa lander.     

HELIO: The Heliophysics Integrated Observatory

Heliophysics is a new research field that explores the Sun–Solar System Connection; it requires the joint exploitation of solar, heliospheric, magnetospheric and ionospheric observations.