美国轰炸机现状及未来轰炸机发展计划

文章简述了美国现役战略轰炸机的情况，介绍了美国现役轰炸机的改进计划及未来轰炸机发展的一些方向。     

美国轰炸机线路图

美国空军于1999年3月公布的新的轰炸机线路图制定了一套详细的现役轰炸机群升级计划，并对轰炸机在整个国家战略以及空军新的远征力量构成中的作用做了理论上的阐述。但线路图中缺少新型轰炸机的预算部分。不过，美空军已拥有的未来攻击机（FSA）方案将考虑诸如无人战斗飞行器、高超音速导弹以及其它技术的发展，确定可能成为未来10～15年远程先进打击替换系统技术基础的技术。文章对轰炸机线路图的内容、不足以及各方反应作了阐述。     

战略轰炸机关键技术分析

国外现役战略轰炸机都具备远程、隐身、高速、大载弹量、低空突防、电子对抗、超视距精确攻击、高度信息融合等战技特点，充分体现本国战略需求和较高的技术水平。为了实现这些设计目标，战略轰炸机研制必须突破一系列关键技术。     

提高我国现役战斗机机载设备寿命的方法

结合某机型机载设备延寿实例，论述提高我国现役战斗机机载设备寿命的方法。     

战略轰炸机

简述了轰炸机的发展现状；分析了战略轰炸机在现代战争中的地位和作用；通过对典型轰炸机技术状况的分析，总结了现代轰炸机应采用的先进技术和发展方向。     

微型监视攻击巡航导弹

美在提升战略轰炸航空能力方面的主要做法是：改装B-52H、B-1B和扩大B-2A的生产规模，对B-52H和B-1B飞机进行现代化改进；扩大采用“隐身”技术工艺制造的B-2A新型轰炸机的生产规模；为所有型号的轰炸机装备高精度非核杀伤武器，拓宽战略轰炸机使用常规精确武器弹药的能力和赋予其“双重用途”兵器的地位，是美国战略轰炸机现代化改进的主导方向，上述飞机应首先视为航空战略核力量的基础。     

美国空军的下一代远程打击系统

美空军近年来制定了轰炸机3步走发展规划。第一步是开展对现役轰炸机的升级改进计划;第二步是同时开展一种"过渡性"轰炸机研究计划,在2018年形成战斗力;第三步才是开展具有革命性意义的新一代远程轰炸机研究计划,并使之在2037年投入服役。本文根据美军轰炸机机队的装备现状、发展新动向以及美军对未来远程打击系统的整体发展思路,侧重介绍了美军对于过渡。陛轰炸机的作战、战技以及关键技术的需求。     

美国空军重新规划现役战略轰炸机

由于预算紧缩,美国空军决定通过现代化改进延长现役战略轰炸机机队的使用寿命,以坚持到新一代轰炸机系统投入使用.这些飞机包括资格最老的93架B-52H轰炸机、92架变后掠的B-1B轰炸机和20架B-2隐身轰炸机,大规模的现代化改进涉及雷达、指挥和控制工具,对B-52和B-2还要进行软件升级,提升它们的核打击能力.     

未来新一代轰炸机隐身特性需求分析

远程战略轰炸机的自身隐身性能提升和隐身航迹策略规划越来越受到重视。通过对比分析美俄下一 代隐身轰炸机的隐身性能和所面对的威胁,指出了未来新一代隐身轰炸机更高的隐身性能需求—全频谱、全 方位隐身技术,例如雷达隐身、红外隐身以及射频综合隐身等;并归纳了未来高隐身战略轰炸机的主要突防措 施,例如更先进的隐身技术、体系支持、高空突防、加装自卫武器等措施。     

战略轰炸机的发展趋势分析

论述了战略轰炸机在武器装备中的地位和作用，分析了国外战略轰炸机的装备现状及发展趋势，并简要介绍了美、俄对未来战略轰炸机的设计构想。对未来战略轰炸机的性能特点和发展途径进行了论证分析。     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.     

Preparation of Highly Dispersed Antimony-doped Tin Oxide Nano-powder via Ion-exchange Hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 and Azeotropic Drying

Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates have been synthesized by hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 using: (1) an ion-exchange hydrolysis to remove chlorine ions, and (2) isoamyl acetate as an azeotropic solvent to obviate water. The obtained dried powder is of high dispersivity without any need for further grinding. The size and dispersivity of the final particles are investigated with the aid of TG-DTA, BET, XRD and TEM. After having calcined, the antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowder possesses a tetragonal rutile structure with high dispersivity, uniform particles and low hard agglomeration.     

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

超声速燃烧数值模拟中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型

高精度数值模拟有助于理解超声速湍流燃烧中湍流与化学反应的相互作用,可为发动机燃烧室等工程应用设计提供可靠的预测模型。除直接数值模拟外,目前在湍流燃烧应用中使用的大涡模拟和雷诺平均Navier-Stokes模拟均需要借助模型模化发生在湍流小尺度上的流动与化学反应过程对湍流大尺度运动的影响。现有的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型大致可分为:火焰面类模型和概率密度函数类模型,2类模型在不同的应用中各自具有优势和局限性。此外,现有模型大都基于低马赫数燃烧,而超声速燃烧中通常会伴随快速混合、局部熄火和再着火以及激波等复杂过程,这为发展其中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型提出了更多的挑战。     

适于低轨卫星IP网络的单核共享树组播算法(英文)

为了解决低轨卫星IP网络中现有典型源组播算法的信道资源浪费问题,本文提出了一套单核共享树组播算法,即核心群合并共享树(CCST)和加权核心群合并共享树(w-CCST)算法。CCST 算法包括动态近似中心(DAC)选核方法和核心群合并组播路径构建方法。DAC方法专为周期、规律运动的低轨卫星网络提出,不需要复杂的星上计算。在核心群合并方法中,以核节点作为初始核心群,通过核心群和剩余组成员的最短路径方法逐步扩展直至整棵组播树构建完成,从而使得组播树的树代价最小,大大提高了网络的带宽利用率和组播传输效率。w-CCST 算法中所提出的加权因子可以调整树代价和端到端传播时延之间的折衷程度,因此,可以通过调整加权因子来适度增大树代价、降低端到端传播时延以支持某些端到端时延要求苛刻的实时组播业务。最后,与低轨卫星 IP 网络中典型算法进行了性能比较,仿真结果说明,CCST 算法的平均树代价比其它算法显著降低,w-CCST 算法的平均端到端传播时延小于 CCST 算法。     

Jet Vectoring Control Using a Novel Synthetic Jet Actuator

A primary air jet vectoring control system with a novel synthetic jet actuator (SJA) is presented and simulated numerically. The results show that, in comparison with an existing traditional synthetic jet actuator, which is able to perform the duty of either “push” or “pull”, one novel synthetic jet actuator can fulfill both “push” and “pull” functions to vector the primary jet by shifting a slide block inside it. Therefore, because the new actuator possesses greater efficiency, it has potentiality to replace the existing one in various appli- cations, such as thrust vectoring and the reduction of thermal signature. Moreover, as the novel actuator can fulfill those functions that the existing one can not, it may well be expected to popularize it into more flow control systems.     

Nonlinear Adaptive Slewing Motion Control of Spacecraft Truss Driven by Synchronous V-gimbaled CMG Precession

The slewing motion control of a truss arm driven by a V-gimbaled control-moment-gyro (CMG) is a nonlinear control problem. The V-gimbaled CMG consists of a pair of gyros that must precess synchronously. The moment of inertia of the system, the angular momentum of the gyros and the external disturbances are not exactly known. With the help of feedback linearization and recursive Lyapunov design method, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed to deal with the unknown items. Performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation.     

An SOR Implicit Time-accurate Scheme in Calculating Unsteady Flows

A new time-accurate marching scheme for unsteady flow calculations is proposed in the present work. This method is the combination of classical Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration method and Jacobian matrix diagonally dominant splitting method of LUSGS. One advantage of this algorithm is the second-order accuracy because of no factorization error. Another advantage is the low computational cost because the Jacobian matrices and fluxes are only calculated once in each physical time step. And, the SOR algorithm has better convergence property than Gauss-Seidel. To investigate its accuracy and convergency, several unsteady flow computa- tional tests are carried out by using the proposed SOR algorithm. Roe’s FDS scheme is used to discritize the inviscid flux terms. Un- steady computational results of SOR are compared with the experiment results and those of Gauss-Seidel. Results reveal that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data and the second-order accuracy can be obtained as the Gauss-Seidel for unsteady flow computations. The impact of SOR factor is investigated for unsteady computations by using different SOR factors in this algorithm to simulate each computational test. Different numbers of inner iterations are needed to converge to the same criterion for different SOR factors and optimal choice of SOR factor can improve the computational efficiency greatly.