绳系卫星部署阶段的动力学分析

绳系卫星系统部署阶段末时刻状态决定着其编队飞行的初始状态，为了研究不同因素对绳系卫星系统部署阶段运动的影响，本文建立了一种简单的平面哑铃模型，将系绳视作有阻尼的弹簧，两个卫星视作刚体，考虑重力梯度力矩。通过仿真，发现系绳释放的速度和副星推力是影响绳系卫星系统部署阶段稳定性的主要因素。     

卫星编队飞行动力学仿真及其应用

由若干颗小卫星编队飞行组成一个虚拟卫星,其功能相当或超过一颗大卫星,这将开拓小卫星一个完全崭新的应用领域。文章首先研究轨道动力学,系统地研究编队飞行三种动力学模型,其次进行定位卫星和区域导航系统两个实例数学仿真,分析研究各种数学模型的精度和它们的应用场合。     

Prospects of de-tumbling large space debris using a two-satellite electromagnetic formation

Capturing large space debris with complex rotational motion is extremely challenging. A de-tumbling phase before capturing may be necessary to reduce the risk of collision with debris. This paper proposes a new noncontact de-tumbling method using a two-satellite electromagnetic formation, in which two small electromagnetic satellites, each having a high-temperature superconducting coil, generate control torques to reduce the rotation rate of debris prior to making any physical contact. The electromagnetic interaction of the target-satellite system is analyzed. A relative translational dynamics of the target–satellite system and the attitude dynamics of the target are established. Simulation results show that the proposed method effectively eliminates the rotational motion of the target. It can be safely concluded that the noncontact method for de-tumbling space debris using a two-satellite electromagnetic formation is feasible and potentially applicable to on-orbit capture.     

Orbit-attitude-vibration coupled dynamics of tethered solar power satellite

A new orbit-attitude-vibration coupled dynamic model of the tethered solar power satellite (Tethered SPS) is established based on absolute nodal coordinate formulation. The Hamilton’s equation of the system is derived by introducing generalized momentum through Legendre transformation. The correctness of the proposed model is verified by an example. The dynamic characteristics of the Tethered SPS are studied using the symplectic Runge-Kutta method. Simulation results show that the orbital radius and the total energy of the system are well preserved. The attitude of the system is unstable when the mass of the bus system is small. However, the attitude stability is dependent on some other parameters of the system, which requires further studies. It is also found that the average tether force/deformation can be roughly estimated by simplifying the solar panel as a particle. The proposed model can be used to study the orbit-attitude-vibration coupled dynamics and control problems.     

Orbit determination of BeiDou navigation satellite system maneuvered satellites based on instantaneous velocity pulses parameters

The BeiDou navigation satellite system (BDS) comprises geostationary earth orbit (GEO) satellites as well as inclined geosynchronous orbit (IGSO) and medium earth orbit (MEO) satellites. Owing to their special orbital characteristics, GEO satellites require frequent orbital maneuvers to ensure that they operate in a specific orbital window. The availability of the entire system is affected during the maneuver period because service cannot be provided before the ephemeris is restored. In this study, based on the conventional dynamic orbit determination method for navigation satellites, multiple sets of instantaneous velocity pulses parameters which belong to one of pseudo-stochastic parameters were used to simulate the orbital maneuver process in the orbital maneuver arc and establish the observed and predicted orbits of the maneuvered and non-maneuvered satellites of BeiDou regional navigation satellite system (BDS-2) and BeiDou global navigation satellite system (BDS-3). Finally, the single point positioning (SPP) technology was used to verify the accuracy of the observed and predicted orbits. The orbit determination accuracy of maneuvered satellites can be greatly improved by using the orbit determination method proposed in this paper. The overlapping orbit determination accuracy of maneuvered GEO satellites of BDS-2 and BDS-3 can improve 2–3 orders of magnitude. Among them, the radial orbit determination accuracy of each maneuvered satellite is basically better than 1 m. simultaneously, the combined orbit determination of the maneuvered and non-maneuvered satellites does not have a great impact on the orbit determination accuracy of the non-maneuvered satellites. Compared with the multi GNSS products (indicated by GBM) from the German Research Centre for Geosciences (GFZ), the impact of adding the maneuvered satellites on the orbit determination accuracy of BDS-2 satellites is less than 9 %. Furthermore, the orbital recovery time and the service availability period are significantly improved. When the node of the predicted orbit is traversed approximately 3 h after the maneuver, the accuracy of the predicted orbit of the maneuvered satellite can reach that of the observed orbit. The SPP results for the BDS reached a normal level when the node of the predicted orbit was 2 h after the maneuver.     

卫星姿态大角度机动的轨迹规划和模型预测与反演控制

空间科学观测、态势感知、对地遥感、操控服务等应用对卫星提出了高精度、高稳定度、平稳柔顺大角度姿态机动的需求。采用欧拉角形式,对时变、非线性卫星姿态动力学系统进行了分析与建模,将每一个测控周期视为一个姿态机动过程。基于动力学系统受控运动的规律,在每一个姿态跟踪机动过程中,预测姿态偏差,通过卫星姿态演化的反演得到控制指令。以三角函数为基础,设计了一种卫星姿态大角度机动的运动轨迹规划方法。本文所述的轨迹规划及控制方法具有轨迹跟踪精度高、稳定性好,跟踪和机动过程平稳柔顺的特点。数学仿真验证了该方法的可行性和有效性。 关键词：轨迹规划; 模型预测与反演控制; 卫星姿态; 大角度机动     

The YORP effect on the GOES 8 and GOES 10 satellites: A case study

The Yarkovsky-O’Keefe-Radzievskii-Paddack (YORP) effect is a proposed explanation for the observed rotation behavior of inactive satellites in Earth orbit. This paper further explores the YORP effect for highly asymmetric inactive satellites. Satellite models are developed to represent the GOES 8 and GOES 10 satellites, both of which are currently inactive in geosynchronous Earth orbit (GEO). A simple satellite model for the GOES 8 satellite is used to analyze the short period variations of the angular velocity and obliquity as a result of the YORP effect. A more complex model for the rotational dynamics of the GOES 8 and GOES 10 satellites are developed to probe their sensitivity and to match observed spin periods and states of these satellites. The simulated rotation periods are compared to observations for both satellites. The comparison between YORP theory and observed rotation rates for both satellites show that the YORP effect could be the cause for the observed rotational behavior. The YORP model also predicts a novel state for the GOES 8 satellite, namely that it could periodically fall into a tumbling rotation state. Recent observations of this satellite are consistent with this prediction.     

返回式卫星回收系统的控制问题

从一假想的卫星的返回轨道分析出发,论述了返回式卫星回收系统的“过载一时间”控制方案,说明了该方案是无人卫星回收的一种简便的、可行的控制方案。建议对某些卫星采用长的抛罩后的滑行段,以降低开伞马赫数及速压。     

同步轨道通信卫星占频保轨现象分析与实测

为了应对国际电信联盟对卫星频轨资源的相关规定,卫星运营商可能会选择将卫星送至另一个不同的轨位并连续保持90天来启用该位置的频率指配.这种变轨行为称作"占频保轨",是一些同步通信卫星的常规操作.本文以国际通信组织的INTELSAT系列卫星为研究对象,基于双行根数(TLE)和SGP4/SDP4模型计算了 67个INTELS...     

一种适于LEO卫星网络的动态源路由算法

针对低轨(LEO)卫星网络拓扑变化有规律、可预知的特点,提出了一种适于LEO卫星网络的动态源路由算法,即自适应路由选择(ARS)算法.它引入逻辑位置的思想屏蔽了卫星移动性对路由选择的影响,使得源卫星只需自身和目的卫星的逻辑位置信息便可以进行路由计算获得最小传播时延路径,避免了收集路由信息所带来的交换开销;同时,根据最小传播时延路径的分布特点提出了一种高效的路径表示方法,用于在IP数据报头中存储所获得的最小传播时延路径,中转卫星可以根据该路径信息转发数据报直至目的卫星,和其他各类源路由算法相比大大降低了路由开销;另外,该算法还针对可能发生的链路拥塞和卫星失效情况提供了保证数据报正常传输的处理方法.最后,将所提出的算法与最小传播时延数据报路由算法(DRA)和Bellman最短路径(SP)算法进行了仿真比较.仿真结果表明,ARS算法在降低路由计算开销和交换开销的同时,保证了数据报的端到端传输时延要求.      

二体绳系卫星系统冲击效应动力学与试验研究

为了研究冲击效应对二体绳系卫星系统动力学特性的影响，开展了基于绝对节点坐标法的柔性绳索模型及绳系卫星系统运动特性分析研究。首先介绍了绝对节点坐标法柔索模型的建立过程，并进行了动力学仿真实验，在仿真时充分考虑了柔索的轴向刚度矩阵、弯曲刚度矩阵以及质量矩阵，可在不增加计算量的同时保留系绳真实特性。最后，搭建了三自由度的二体绳系卫星地面模拟试验系统，在规格为20 m×30 m的大型气浮平台上开展了试验验证，对末尾释放阶段和初始回收阶段系绳的张力以及子星的运动状态进行了分析。验证结果表明：地面模拟试验与仿真实验相比，系绳张力误差均在5%以内，验证了该建模方法的有效性和所搭建的试验系统的可靠性，同时为绳系卫星的未来发展和地面试验的进一步展开奠定了基础。     

小卫星动平衡研究--质心不对中对姿态的影响

首先定性分析质心不对中对星体动力学特性的影响，然后由拉格朗日第二类方程导出引力场下星体运动方程的矩阵表达式，最后以50kg级长方体3轴稳定小卫星为例，分析不同初角速度和不同时间历程情况下质心不对中对星体运动姿态的影响，并分析其对星体运动稳定性的影响．本文研究为同类品种小卫星的构型设计、姿态控制系统设计以及制定卫星动平衡精度提供依据。     

关于北斗卫星导航系统的被动式定位算法比较研究

我国北斗卫星导航系统空间卫星共有2或3颗,无法单独满足被动导航定位的要求．针对这种卫星稀少的情况提出了3种被动式定位算法: 2星定位算法、 3星3参数定位算法和3星4参数定位算法, 这些算法分别采用气压测高方法增加观测数据和采用数学模型描述接收机钟差的方法减少定位方程求解的未知数;探讨了北斗卫星导航系统备份星的可用性和对导航定位精度的贡献;还提出了准差分修正技术,提高了定位精度．实验证明, 3种算法都取得了100m以内的定位结果,可以满足一般用户定位需求．     

Low-altitude,near-polar and near-circular orbits around Europa

The dynamics of orbits around planetary satellites, taking into account the gravitational attraction of a third-body and the non-uniform distribution of mass of the planetary satellite, is studied. The Hamiltonian considered is explicitly time-dependent. Conditions for frozen orbits are presented. Low-altitude, near-polar orbits, very desirable for scientific missions to study planetary satellites such as the Jupiter’s moon Europa, are analyzed. Lifetimes for these orbits are computed through the single and double averaged method. Comparison between the results obtained by the single and double averaged method is presented. The single-averaged model is more realistic, since it does not eliminate the term due to the equatorial ellipticity of the planetary satellite as done by the double-averaged problem. Considering the single-averaged method, we found unstable frozen orbits where the satellite does not impact with the surface of Europa for at least 200 days. We present an approach using the unaveraged disturbing potential to analyze the effects of these terms in the amplitude of the eccentricity.     

生物智能型算法在信道分配策略中的应用

由于同步轨道卫星通信的传输时延较长,因此该类卫星对动态信道分配算法的延时性能非常敏感。针对宽带多媒体通信卫星的动态信道分配问题建立数学模型,并且使用生物智能型算法进行求解。仿真结果表明,与传统的分支定界法相比,采用生物智能型算法求解动态信道分配问题,其延时性能提高47%,并能得到更为高效的信道分配方案。     

小卫星编队飞行及其轨道构成

由若干颗小卫星编队飞行组成一个分布式卫星 ,其功能相当或超过一颗大卫星 ,也称为虚拟卫星 ,这将开拓小卫星一个完全崭新的应用领域。文章首先论述编队飞行概念和轨道构成 ;其次讨论虚拟卫星可能的应用实例。     

全方向长期伴飞卫星集群轨道设计与仿真

主要研究在J2摄动的影响下,在中心卫星周围全方向上部署长期相对有界伴飞卫星的轨道设计方法。首先,利用J2不变的条件,由已知中心卫星轨道根数建立伴飞卫星的半长轴、偏心率及轨道倾角之间关系。然后,通过对伴飞卫星和中心卫星之间初始相对位置及轨道根数之间关系的分析,得到伴飞卫星的全部初始轨道根数,使其能够部署到中心卫星周围的任意方向上,从而能实现卫星集群在中心卫星的周围全方向长期有界伴飞。最后,通过轨道仿真验证了该方法的有效性。     

基于认知无线电的GEO与LEO卫星频谱共存

随着新的宽带多媒体业务的发展,宽带无线频谱的需求日益增长.同时,低轨道(LEO)卫星由于其传输损耗低、传播时延小而被大规模部署.为了更好地利用频谱资源,卫星通信系统普遍采用高轨道(GEO)卫星与LEO卫星频谱共存的方案来提高频谱利用率.在频谱共存的过程中,提出了一种基于动态阈值的能量检测与波束跳跃相结合的算法,以减小L...     

“风云一号” B 卫星姿态控制系统

“风云一号”气象卫星姿态控制系统采用了三轴稳定对地定向的主动控制方案。已发射了两颗（Ａ、Ｂ）卫星,其中Ｂ星是在Ａ星主控系统的基础上,增加了一个完整的备份系统,采取一系列冗余措施并设计全方位姿态重新捕获的故障对策。经飞行试验及在轨故障应急处理证明,系统设计是完善和成功的,其中反作用飞轮控制、偏置动量控制、磁章动进动和飞轮卸载控制、全方位姿态重新捕获方案在中国是首次采用,均取得了较好的飞行效果,为长寿命卫星姿态控制系统的设计积累了宝贵经验。     

小卫星的自适应姿态控制

分析了小卫星的姿态动力学及运动学方程；利用姿态动力学方程为一动力学参数矢量的线性函数这一事实，考虑存在参数不确定性，提出了一种自适应控制方法；证明了这种方法可以保证控制系统全局渐近稳定。仿真结果验证了该方法的有效性。