基于多分类AdaBoost的航空发动机故障诊断

对航空发动机运行数据进行数据挖掘的方法,是发动机故障诊断研究领域的重要研究内容。由于各种算法自身的局限性,通过某种单一算法很难大幅度提升故障分类的准确性。运用组合分类的AdaBoost算法,综合多个分类模型进行诊断,是提升故障识别精度的一种较好的方法。通过AdaBoost算法及其改进算法的结合,建立一种多分类的AdaBoost算法,以支持向量机（SVM）为基础分类器,进行综合诊断模型的建立。通过单位向量法、比值系数法和相关系数法将指印图中统计的故障标识数据进行处理,得到不受故障程度影响的训练数据,再进行建模。实验表明,AdaBoost相关结合算法能够显著提升分类器性能。根据实际故障案例,验证了所建立的诊断模型能够较好地用于发动机的故障诊断。      

M-FSVM在可靠性寿命分布模式识别中的应用CSCD

在产品的可靠性研究中,准确、有效地识别产品所属的寿命分布,是可靠性建模成败的关键。针对传统支持向量机(SVM)在解决多分类问题时存在不可分区域等缺陷,提出了一种基于多分类模糊支持向量机(M-FSVM)的可靠性寿命分布模式识别方法,建立了包括指数分布、正态分布、对数正态分布和威布尔分布四种常用寿命分布模式识别的模糊支持向量机模型,并进行了仿真试验研究。仿真试验结果表明,该模型能够克服传统支持向量机中存在的不足,能够对常用的寿命分布模式进行智能识别,识别率高,便于工程应用。     

Classification of hyperspectral remote-sensing data with primal SVM for small-sized training dataset problem

With recent technological advances in remote sensing, very high-dimensional (hyperspectral) data are available for a better discrimination among different complex land-cover classes having similar spectral signatures. However, this large number of bands makes very complex the task of automatic data analysis. In the real application, it is difficult and expensive for the expert to acquire enough training samples to learn a classifier. This results in a classification problem with small-size training sample set. Recently, a regularization-based algorithm is usually proposed to handle such problem, such as Support Vector Machine (SVM), which usually are implemented in the dual form with Lagrange theory. However, it can be solved directly in primal formulation. In this paper, we introduces an alternative implementation technique for SVM to address the classification problem with small-size training sample set. It has been empirically proven that the effectiveness of the introduced implementation technique which has been evaluated by benchmark datasets.     

基于EMD和SVM的机载燃油泵故障诊断研究

针对机载燃油泵故障数据来源较少、诊断效率较低、维护费用较高、缺乏有效故障特征的问题,利用机载燃油转输系统实验平台收集的振动信号和压力信号,提出了一种基于经验模态分解(EMD)和支持向量机(SVM)的机载燃油泵故障诊断方法。首先,利用EMD提取振动信号不同频段的能量值作为特征参量,并结合压力信号均值构造故障特征向量;其次,分别采用遗传算法(GA)、粒子群优化算法(PSO)、樽海鞘群算法(SSA)、网格搜索算法(GS)对SVM的惩罚参数和径向基函数(RBF)参数进行优化,并对优化后的SVM诊断性能进行了评估;最后,分别采用SVM、极限学习机(ELM)、BP神经网络作为分类器,并对3种分类器的诊断性能进行了评估。结果表明:采用3种群智能优化算法的SVM故障诊断率均能达到100%,寻优过程中均未陷入局部最优解,且寻优时间相当,其中GA的训练时间最短,可以采用GA对SVM参数进行寻优;当采用GA_SVM作为故障分类器时,用时较短,且故障诊断率较高,可以选用GA_SVM分类模型实现机载燃油泵的高效故障诊断。      

Rainfall estimation over a Mediterranean region using a method based on various spectral parameters of SEVIRI-MSG

The ultimate objective of this paper is the estimation of rainfall over an area in Algeria using data from the SEVIRI radiometer (Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager). To achieve this aim, we use a new Convective/Stratiform Rain Area Delineation Technique (CS-RADT). The satellite rainfall retrieval technique is based on various spectral parameters of SEVIRI that express microphysical and optical cloud properties. It uses a multispectral thresholding technique to distinguish between stratiform and convective clouds. This technique (CS-RADT) is applied to the complex situation of the Mediterranean climate of this region. The tests have been conducted during the rainy seasons of 2006/2007 and 2010/2011 where stratiform and convective precipitation is recorded. The developed scheme (CS-RADT) is calibrated by instantaneous meteorological radar data to determine thresholds, and then rain rates are assigned to each cloud type by using radar and rain gauge data. These calibration data are collocated with SEVIRI data in time and space.     

Assessment of the impact of dimensionality reduction methods on information classes and classifiers for hyperspectral image classification by multiple classifier system

Identification of the appropriate combination of classifier and dimensionality reduction method has been a recurring task for various hyperspectral image classification scenarios. Image classification by multiple classifier system has been evolving as a promising method for enhancing accuracy and reliability of image classification. Because of the diversity in generalization capabilities of various dimensionality reduction methods, the classifier optimal to the problem and hence the accuracy of image classification varies considerably. The impact of including multiple dimensionality reduction methods in the MCS architecture for the supervised classification of a hyperspectral image for land cover classification has been assessed in this study. Multi-source airborne hyperspectral images acquired over five different sites covering a range of land cover categories have been classified by a multiple classifier system and compared against the classification results obtained from support vector machines (SVM). The MCS offers acceptable classification results across the images or sites when there are multiple dimensionality reduction methods in addition to different classifiers. Apart from offering acceptable classification results, the MCS indicates about 5% increase in the overall accuracy when compared to the SVM classifier across the hyperspectral images and sites. Results indicate the presence of dimensionality reduction method specific empirical preferences by land cover categories for certain classifiers thereby demanding the design of MCS to support adaptive selection of classifiers and dimensionality reduction methods for hyperspectral image classification.     

基于SVM的低空飞行冲突探测改进模型

为保障通航飞行器在低空空域的飞行安全,提出了一种基于支持向量机（SVM）的飞行冲突探测改进模型。首先,建立适应于飞行器的保护区。然后,利用改进型ID3决策树算法将搜索空间降低到局部的方法筛选具有潜在飞行冲突的飞行器,并利用随机森林（RF）选择合适训练集。最后,利用tanh函数优化容易饱和的sigmoid函数对SVM分类结果的概率映射。通过仿真验证和对比分析,结果表明:利用基于密度聚类的DBSACN算法去除异常点,将剔除产生误报和虚报的数据作为训练集优化SVM分类器,改进的飞行冲突探测模型的误报率和虚报率分别降低了0.6%和1.9%,算法执行效率得到提高,而且具有较好的抗干扰能力与稳定性。      

Comparison of Landsat OLI,ASTER, and Sentinel 2A data in lithological mapping : A Case study of Rich area (Central High Atlas,Morocco)

The eastern part of the Rich area consists of the massive Paleozoic and Meso-Cenozoic cover formations that present the geodynamic development of the study area, where is characterized by various carbonate facies of Jurassic age. The geographical characteristic of the study area leaves the zone difficult to map by conventional methods. The objective of this work focuses on the mapping of the constituent lithological units of the study area using multispectral data of Landsat OLI, ASTER, and Sentinel 2A MSI. The processing of these data is based on a precise methodology that distinguishs and highlights the limits of the different lithological units that have an approximate similarity of spectral signature. Three techniques were used to enhance the image including Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Minimum Noise Fraction (MNF), and Independent Component Analysis (ICA). Lithological mapping was performed using two types of supervised classification : Maximum likelihood classifier (MLC) and Support Vector Machine (SVM).The results of processing data show the effectiveness of Sentinel 2A data in mapping of lithological units than the ASTER and Landsat OLI data. The classification evaluation of two methods of the Sentinel 2A MSI image showed that the SVM method give a better classification with an overall accuracy of 93,93% and a Kappa coefficient of 0.93, while the MLC method present an overall accuracy of 82,86% and a Kappa coefficient of 0.80. The results of mapping obtained show a good correlation with the geological map of the study area as well as the efficiency of remote sensing in identification of different lithological units in the Central High Atlas.     

Application of SVM on satellite images to detect hotspots in Jharia coal field region of India

The present paper deals with the application of Support Vector Machine (SVM) and image analysis techniques on NOAA/AVHRR satellite image to detect hotspots on the Jharia coal field region of India. One of the major advantages of using these satellite data is that the data are free with very good temporal resolution; while, one drawback is that these have low spatial resolution (i.e., approximately 1.1 km at nadir). Therefore, it is important to do research by applying some efficient optimization techniques along with the image analysis techniques to rectify these drawbacks and use satellite images for efficient hotspot detection and monitoring. For this purpose, SVM and multi-threshold techniques are explored for hotspot detection. The multi-threshold algorithm is developed to remove the cloud coverage from the land coverage. This algorithm also highlights the hotspots or fire spots in the suspected regions. SVM has the advantage over multi-thresholding technique that it can learn patterns from the examples and therefore is used to optimize the performance by removing the false points which are highlighted in the threshold technique. Both approaches can be used separately or in combination depending on the size of the image. The RBF (Radial Basis Function) kernel is used in training of three sets of inputs: brightness temperature of channel 3, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Global Environment Monitoring Index (GEMI), respectively. This makes a classified image in the output that highlights the hotspot and non-hotspot pixels. The performance of the SVM is also compared with the performance obtained from the neural networks and SVM appears to detect hotspots more accurately (greater than 91% classification accuracy) with lesser false alarm rate. The results obtained are found to be in good agreement with the ground based observations of the hotspots. This type of work will be quite helpful in the near future to develop a hotspots monitoring system using these operational satellites data.     

一种基于自动特征学习的陨石坑区域检测算法

基于陨石坑的视觉导航技术成为一种新颖的高精度空间探测自主导航方式,如何从导航图像中精确地提取陨石坑区域是实现基于陨石坑视觉导航的首要条件。针对这一问题,根据陨石坑导航图像特点,提出了一种基于自动特征学习的陨石坑区域检测算法。首先,基于最大稳定极值区域检测算法提取陨石坑候选区域;其次,利用卷积神经网络（CNN）自动学习提取候选区域的特征;最后,通过支持向量机（SVM）实现候选区域的精确分类,得到真实的陨石坑区域。大量的仿真实验表明:与传统的基于人工特征的陨石坑区域检测算法相比,提出的基于自动特征学习的陨石坑区域检测算法具有更高的检测精度和更好的鲁棒性,在通用火星表面陨石坑数据集上,所提算法的F₁度量指标较于传统算法高出8%,可以广泛地应用于基于陨石坑的视觉导航算法中的陨石坑区域提取,为基于陨石坑视觉导航算法提供精确的导航路标输入。      

基于SVM的浮动车行驶模式判断模型

浮动车在低速情况下存在两种行驶模式,如不能对上述模式进行准确区分,将严重影响浮动车实时路况计算的精度和效率.研究和设计了一个基于支持向量机(SVM,Support Vector Machine)的浮动车行驶模式判断模型,并针对性地提出了一种简单的基于隶属度矩阵的特征评价和选择方法.实验表明通过上述方法选择的特征子集所训练的分类器在测试样本集上具有92.6%的分类准确性;经过行驶模式分析后,浮动车系统的准确性有显著提升.      

Built-up land mapping capabilities of the ASTER and Landsat ETM+ sensors in coastal areas of southeastern China

Worldwide urbanization has accelerated expansion of urban built-up lands and resulted in substantial negative impacts on the global environments. Precisely measuring the urban sprawl is becoming an increasing need. Among the satellite-based earth observation systems, the Landsat and ASTER data are most suitable for mesoscale measurements of urban changes. Nevertheless, to date the difference in the capability of mapping built-up land between the two sensors is not clear. Therefore, this study compared the performances of the Landsat-7 ETM+ and ASTER sensors for built-up land mapping in the coastal areas of southeastern China. The comparison was implemented on three date-coincident image pairs and achieved by using three approaches, including per-band-based, index-based, and classification-based comparisons. The index used is the Index-based Built-up Index (IBI), while the classification algorithm employed is the Support Vector Machine (SVM). Results show that in the study areas, ETM+ and ASTER have an overall similar performance in built-up land mapping but also differ in several aspects. The IBI values determined from ASTER were consistently higher than from ETM+ by up to 45.54% according to percentage difference. The ASTER also estimates more built-up land area than ETM+ by 5.9–6.3% estimated with the IBI-based approach or 3.9–6.1% with the SVM classification. The differences in the spectral response functions and spatial resolution between relative spectral bands of the two sensors are attributed to these different performances.     

基于样本类别确定度的半监督分类

在对遥感图像进行分类时,全监督算法往往需要足够的标记样本进行训练,然而标记的过程是耗时和昂贵的,相反收集大量的无标记样本是很容易的。为了在学习过程中能够有效利用未标记样本的信息,本文提出了基于样本类别确定度（CCS）的半监督分类算法。首先,利用多分类支持向量机（SVM）得到未标记样本属于各类别的确定度,有效地衡量了未标记样本类别可靠性;其次,对样本类别确定度进行预处理,提升利用未标记样本的安全性;最后,基于样本类别确定度设计了半监督线性判别分析（LDA）降维算法并对其进行核化,使得样本在降维后的子空间更具有可分性,并根据降维后的数据特点,采用最近邻分类器对新样本进行分类。利用真实的合成孔径雷达（SAR）图像进行测试,验证了在标记样本较少的情况下,本文算法在性能上优于全监督和其他半监督算法,并能够快速收敛。      

一种基于SVM的低空飞行冲突探测算法

随着低空飞行密度不断增加,低空航行安全已引起广泛关注,由于低空环境复杂,低空飞行受地面障碍物和天气影响比商用航空显著,传统的空中交通警戒与防撞系统（TCAS）和其他冲突探测方法并不适用于低空密集飞行环境。针对传统探测方法计算量大、适用性差的不足,引入支持向量机（SVM）的二元分类方法,通过对本机和周边飞机航迹归一化处理,采用智能优化算法对关键参数进行优化,利用模拟数据对分类器进行预先训练,实现了适用于低空飞行的高效冲突探测。以大量的仿造数据对算法有效性进行了测试验证,结果表明漏警率和误警率分别控制在约0.1%和6%,克服了传统确定型方法与概率型方法难以兼顾效率与适用性的缺陷。      

结合颅骨形态特征与神经网络的民族判别

针对颅骨民族判别问题，提出结合颅骨形态特征与神经网络的判别方法，可以推进法医人类学的发展，加快探索民族发展历程。首先，根据颅骨形态学相关研究，提取36个维吾尔族和汉族颅骨数据的几何特征；其次，采用反向传播神经网络（BPNN）对特征向量进行民族判别，并通过Adam算法对网络进行优化，避免陷入局部最优值，添加正则化项保证算法稳定性；最后，分别采用2种网络结构进行对比实验，输入层、隐藏层和输出层的神经元个数分别为36、6、2和36、12、2，并设置不同初始学习率进行对比实验。结果表明:隐藏层神经元个数为12、学习率为0.000 1时，分类精度最高，测试阶段平均准确率最高为97.5%。为了验证所提方法的普适性，生成116例国外颅骨数据进行实验，测试阶段平均准确率为90.96%。相比较于支持向量机（SVM）、决策树、KNN、Fisher等机器学习方法，所提方法学习能力更强且分类精度有明显提升。      

An approach to multi-temporal MODIS image analysis using image classification and segmentation

This paper discusses an approach for river mapping and flood evaluation based on multi-temporal time series analysis of satellite images utilizing pixel spectral information for image classification and region-based segmentation for extracting water-covered regions. Analysis of MODIS satellite images is applied in three stages: before flood, during flood and after flood. Water regions are extracted from the MODIS images using image classification (based on spectral information) and image segmentation (based on spatial information). Multi-temporal MODIS images from “normal” (non-flood) and flood time-periods are processed in two steps. In the first step, image classifiers such as Support Vector Machines (SVM) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) separate the image pixels into water and non-water groups based on their spectral features. The classified image is then segmented using spatial features of the water pixels to remove the misclassified water. From the results obtained, we evaluate the performance of the method and conclude that the use of image classification (SVM and ANN) and region-based image segmentation is an accurate and reliable approach for the extraction of water-covered regions.     

基于串行支持向量分类器的模拟电路故障诊断

介绍了支持向量机的基本原理,提出一种新型支持向量多类分类器,其中多个二类分类器组成串行结构,每个二类分类器均带有非线性主元素分析特征提取器.描述了其训练与分类算法,并将其应用于非线性电路的部件级诊断.和传统BP网和RBF网分类器相比,支持向量方法在分类准确率上表现出明显的优势,其中串行支持向量多类分类器无论在训练和分类速度方面,还是在诊断准确率方面,都要优于传统并行结构的多类分类器.      

CME引起的地磁暴穿越时间

日冕物质抛射(CME)从发生至引起地磁暴最大值的时间间隔称为穿越时间.本文选取1997-2015年89个CME-Dst事件,分析CME速度、能量、耀斑类型等对穿越时间的影响;采用非线性拟合以及支持向量机(SVM)非线性回归技术,建立基于1997-2009年62个CME-Dst事件的CF模型和SVM模型,并利用其余27个CME-Dst事件对模型预报效果分别进行检验.结果表明,CF模型和SVM模型的预报准确率均达到85.2%,其中CF模型的平均绝对值误差为13.77 h,而SVM模型为13.88 h.与ECA模型结果(准确率为77.8%,平均绝对值误差为14.55 h)进行对比发现,CF模型和SVM模型的准确率更高而误差更小.CF模型和SVM模型能够提前1~5天较好地预报地磁暴爆发时间.