Phase Detector Response to Noisy and Noisy Fading Signals

Transfer characteristics of sinusoidal, triangular, and sawtooth-type phase detectors in response to noisy and noisy fading signals have been studied in detail. A new analytical model of the swatooth-type phase detector has been suggested. Detailed experimental results have been supplemented in support of the theoretical findings. Both the theoretical findings and the experimental results clearly indicate that the superiority of a sawtooth-type phase detector over the other two varieties is completely lost in noisy and noisy fading environments.     

Phase-Shift-Keyed Signal Detection with Noisy Reference Signals

This paper derives and graphically illustrates the performance characteristics of Phase-Shift-Keyed communication systems where the receiver's phase reference is noisy and derived from the observed waveform by means of a narrow-band tracking filter (a phase-locked loop). In particular, two phase measurement methods are considered. One method requires the transmission of an auxiliary carrier (in practice, this signal is usually referred to as the sync subcarrier). This carrier is tracked at the receiver by means of a phase-locked loop, and the output of this loop is used as a reference signal for performing a coherent detection. The second method is self-synchronizing in that the reference signal is derived from the modulated data signal by means of a squaring-loop. The statistics (and their properties) of the differenced-correlator outputs are derived and graphically illustrated as a function of the signal-to-noise ratio existing in the tracking filter's loop bandwidth and the signal-to-noise ratio in the data channel. Conclusions of these results as well as design trends are presented.     

Quantization of PMT Signals for Meteorological Satellites

Quantization rules are examined for a satellite radiometer in the visual range. Effects of photomultiplier tube (PMT) noise on the detection of cloud brightness levels are of particular interest because the expected radiance levels are high. Effects of area integration are considered to improve the probability of detection at high radiance levels.     

基于短时分数阶傅里叶变换的 含噪信号特征提取

通过对比噪声背景下短时傅里叶变换和短时分数阶傅里叶变换的时频分辨能力,进一步明确了短时分数阶傅里叶变换对频率时变信号的独特优势。研究了短时分数阶傅里叶变换的窗口滑动方式对瞬时频率估计的影响,可以发现:首先,在调频率较大或是变化剧烈时,短时分数阶傅里叶变换具有更好的鲁棒性;其次,在基于短时分数阶傅里叶变换的瞬时频率估计,实际应用中应主要采用以第一采样时刻作为估计值的逐点滑动方式。     

奢华古朴 大隐于市

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一种加速度计小型化V/F电路设计

本文提出了一种惯导系统中加速度计信息采集的V/F方案,其将加速度计输出的电流信号通过采样电阻转化成电压信号,再由高精度V/F芯片进行电压信号到频率信号的转换,然后通过FPGA计数、同步、补偿并最终输出.整个方案的实现过程简单,电路体积小,成本低,非常适用于导弹及鱼雷等捷联惯导系统应用领域.实验证明,该方法提高了加速度计...     

Quantization Requirements in Digital MTI

To minimize hardware complexity, it is desirable to implement a digital moving target indicator (MTI) with the fewest number of quantization levels. The reduction of the clutter cancellation ability of single-and double-canceller MTI's is discussed with binominal weighting as a function of the number of levels and the spacing of the levels. The method of analysis is applicable to more complex MTI's as weil as nonuniform quantizers.     

Suboptimal Control of Satellite Momenta in a Noisy Environment

The body rate dynamics of a spin-stabilized satellite are perturbed by white noise. We consider the optimal control of body rates and fuel consumption. The corresponding deterministic problem is solved using calculus of variation. The stochastic problem is then solved to obtain a suboptimal controller in closed form.     

Noisy Feedback in a Binary Sequential Communication Scheme

The effects of a noisy feedback channel on a communication system with the decision and information feedback proposed as by Mancianti et al. are described. Expressions for the expected transmitted energy per symbol, expected decision time, and receiver's error probability are derived in terms of the error probability Pef over the noisy information channel. Because of the complexity of exact calculations, we have analyzed in detail only the case of two repetitions per symbol. Then, in order to give a general picture of the system performance, the asymptotic behavior has been examined.     

M-ary CPSK Detection with Noisy Reference and Interferences

A general expression of the error probability on an M-ary coherent phase-shift-keyed (MCPSK) signal purturbed by a noisy reference carrier, multiple interferences, and additive Gaussian noise is presented taking into account the frequencey divider in the carrier recovery circuit. First, a new expression for the probability density function (pdf) of the phase of a composite wave of signal, multiple interferences, and additive Gaussian noise is derived. Then this result and a pdf of the phase error modified from the Tikhonov distribution are used to obtain the erro probability of an MCPSK detector. In addition, the comparison between the error probabilities with and without the frequency divider is given, and it is found that the estimation is more pessimistic when the frequency divider is included.     

Data Quantization for Narrowband Signal Detection

In automatic radar detection, digital integration of the envelope detector outputs is often used as a good approximation to the optimum. This requires quantizing the envelope detector outputs. In this paper, quantizer structures for narrowband signal detection are considered. Quantizer characteristics are derived to optimize performance as measured by the detector efficacy?an asymptotic performance measure. Asymptotic and finite sample performance results are presented. The results obtained are not limited in their application to Gaussian noise only, although this important case is given specific consideration.     

Quantization Noise in Adaptive Weighting Networks

Adaptive weighting networks can be implemented using in-phase and quadrature, phase-phase, or phase-amplitude modulators. The statistical properties of the quantization error are derived for each modulator and the quantization noise power produced by the modulators are compared at the output of an adaptive antenna. Other relevant characteristics of the three types of modulators are also discussed.     

Phase Locked Loop Acquisition for a Noisy FM Signal

A method based upon the quasi-linearization technique of evaluating the pull-in characteristics of a phase locked loop for an angle modulated signal corrupted with Gaussian noise is presented. Experimental results along with formulas for calculating the locking range and locking time are also presented and they are in good agreement with the theoretical results. Some new findings regarding the dependence of the locking range and locking time on the modulating frequency are also incorporated.     

Modified Grid Algorithm for Noisy All-Sky Autonomous Star Identification

Grid algorithm is a classical algorithm for all-sky autonomous star identification. However its recognition rate decreases rapidly when the position and magnitude noise increases in the star image. In order to overcome this problem, a modified grid algorithm called the "elastic gray grid algorithm" is proposed. Gray pattern and elastic template matching are introduced into the grid algorithm to enhance its ability to tolerate the position and magnitude noise. Experimental results show that the modified grid algorithm performs better compared with the original one. The elastic gray grid algorithm reached up to a 100% recognition rate under random positional noise in our test bed. Furthermore it increases the original recognition rate from 69.86% to 97%, under the same condition, for both the position and the magnitude noise.     

UQS独特码设计

UQS独特码要求它被自然界偶然产生的概率尽可能小,根据UQS码的8条数学标准设计出标准判别的编码生成算法,编程得到了20个UQS码的精简码集,生成的UQS码均符合UQS标准,能够作为要害系统的解保密码。     

Detectability of Spread-Spectrum Signals

Methods of detecting spread-sprectrum signals without knowledge of the pseudorandom code used to generate the signal are described. Exact and approximate methods of calculating relationships among detection probability, false alarm rate, and signal-to-noise ratio are given for radiometers and for channelized pulse-detection systems. The detection performance of the radiometer is compared graphically with that of pulse-detection systems, for two different kinds of pulse detection decision rules. Detection performance as a function of certain signal parameters is shown to be very different for a pulse-detection system than for a radiometer, and this difference in behavior provides a basis for selecting signal parameters that minimize the probability of detection. The reasoning that underlies the selection process is explained, and the process is outlined for each of several signal parameters.     

Sampling Bandpass Signals

In a recent paper [1], Brown examined the sampling of a real finiteenergy bandpass signal having an (angular) bandwidth ? (in radians per second) at the theoretically minimum (average) rate of ?/? samples per second. Following Grace and Pitt's [2] quadrature sampling, a particular case of Kohlenberg's second-order sampling [3, 4], Brown has proved the feasibility of a separate interpolation of the in-phase and quadrature components of the signal when ?o = k?/2 (Brown's condition), where ?o is the center (angular) frequency of the signal and k is an arbitrary positive integer. Here the problem is reconsidered from a general point of view, introducing, under Brown's condition, an interpolation formula which includes that of Grace and Pitt and which extends a theorem of Populis [5-7]. We indicate the necessary and sufficient conditions to obtain a separate interpolation, offering closed formulas to obtain the interpolation functions. We also discuss the minimum oversampling rate needed whenBrown's condition is not verified.     

矢量量化图像压缩方法

实现并讨论一种数字图像压缩编码方法.该方法按照LBG算法以均方误差法计算两向量之间的距离,以分裂法产生初始码书(以4×4块图像组成的256码书),以100个图像为训练样本,通过全搜索算法进行码字搜索,对64×64的灰度图像进行压缩.计算还原结果表明,该方法可以得到较高的数字图像压缩比.文章具体研究了训练样本个数与运算时...     

Staggered Costas Signals

A radar signal, based on coherent processing of a train of staggered Costas bursts, is suggested and investigated. The selection of sequences of each burst is based on a minimum number of collocation of their individual ambiguity function sidelobe peaks. The resulting ambiguity function combines qualities of both "thumbtack" and "bed of nails" signals. Comparison with linear-FM, V-FM, and complementary phase coded (CPC) signals is given, as well as comparison with hybrid signals consisting of both phase and frequency coding.     

小波变换的原理及其在噪声材料超声评价中的应用

从信号自理的角度给出了小波变换的工程理解。小波变换可以看作从原始信号中不断抽取细节,最终只留下信号主干的过程。用小波变换对噪声材料粗晶奥氏体不锈钢中人工缺陷的超声Ａ型信号处理的结果表明,在对小波系数合理解释的情况下,小波换能有效地提高信噪比。