Nonlinear adaptive flight control system: Performance enhancement and validation

The problem of decreasing stability margins in L₁ adaptive control systems is discussed and an out-of-loop L₁ adaptive control scheme based on Lyapunov’s stability theorem is proposed. This scheme enhances the effectiveness of the adaptation, which ensures that the system has sufficient stability margins to achieve the desired performance under parametric uncertainty, additional delays, and actuator faults. The stability of the developed control system is demonstrated through a series of simulations. Compared with an existing control scheme, the constant adjustment of the stability margins by the proposed adaptive scheme allows their range to be extended by a factor of 4–5, bringing the stability margin close to that of variable gain PD control with adaptively scheduled gains. The engineered practicability of adaptive technology is verified. A series of flight tests verify the practicability of the designed adaptive technology. The results of these tests demonstrate the enhanced performance of the proposed control scheme with nonlinear parameter estimations under insufficient stability margins and validate its robustness in the event of actuator failures.     

考虑流向曲率和压力梯度的可压缩边界层稳定性分析

以圆弧,平板和尖锥为研究对象,基于线性稳定性理论,重点讨论了曲率和压力梯度对可压缩边界层稳定性的影响。     

高速三维边界层稳定性问题的数值方法

本文把四阶精度紧致差分格式用于求解声速、高超声速三维边界层稳定性问题。提出了适用地求解高速边界层特征值问题的Ｃｈｅｂｙｓｈｅｖ多项式配置点方法,并将各种数值方法进行了比较。数值结果表明上述两种方法是求解高速三维边界层稳定性问题的有效数值方法。     

Adaptive control for feedback-linearized missiles withuncertainties

A robust adaptive control scheme is proposed that can be applied to a practical autopilot design for feedback-linearized skid-to-turn (STT) missiles with aerodynamic uncertainties. The approach is to add a robust adaptive controller to a feedback-linearizing controller in order to reduce the influence of the aerodynamic uncertainties. The proposed robust adaptive control scheme is based on a sliding mode control technique with an adaptive law for estimating the unknown upper bounds of uncertain parameters. A feature of the proposed scheme is that missile systems with aerodynamic uncertainties can be controlled effectively over a wide operating range of flight conditions. It is shown, using Lyapunov stability theory, that the proposed scheme can give sufficient tracking capability and stability for a feedback-linearized STT missile with aerodynamic uncertainties. The six-degree-of-freedom nonlinear simulation results also show that good performance for several uncertainty models and engagement scenarios can be achieved by the proposed scheme in practical night conditions     

A Distributed Coordinated Control Scheme for Morphing Wings with Sampled Communication

To investigate the control of morphing wings by means of interacting effectors, this article proposes a distributed coordinated control scheme with sampled communication on the basis of a simple morphing wing model, established with arrayed agents. The control scheme can change the shape of airfoil into an expected one and keep it smooth during morphing. As the interconnection of communication network and the agents would make the behavior of the morphing wing system complicated, a diagrammatic stability analysis method is put forward to ensure the system stability. Two simulations are carried out on the morphing wing system by using MATLAB. The results stand witness to the feasibility of the distributed coordinated control scheme and the effectiveness of the diagrammatic stability analysis method.     

Anti-disturbance attitude control of combined spacecraft with enhanced control allocation scheme

In this paper, we propose a novel anti-disturbance attitude control law for combined spacecraft with an improved closed-loop control allocation scheme. More specifically, a saturated approach is adopted to guarantee the global asymptotic stability under control input saturation. To enhance the robustness of the system, a nonlinear disturbance observer is constructed to compensate the disturbances caused by inertial parameter uncertainty and unmodeled dynamics. Next, the quadratic programming algorithm is used to obtain an optimal open-loop control allocation scheme, where both energy consumption and actuator saturation have been considered in the allocation of the virtual control command. Then, a modified closed-loop control allocation scheme is proposed to reduce the allocation error under the actuator uncertainty. Finally, stability analysis of the closed-loop system with the proposed allocation scheme is provided. Simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.     

高超声速数值激波失稳的网格依赖性

高超声速强激波的稳定捕捉仍极具挑战性。目前工程计算中普遍应用的数值格式在模拟多维强激波时通常会遭遇明显的激波不稳定现象,且数值格式的激波稳定性对计算网格表现出严重的依赖性。基于矩阵稳定性分析法,对比了具有不同耗散性质的数值格式稳定捕捉激波的能力,分析了空间二阶精度格式的激波稳定性及限制器对激波稳定性的影响。在此基础上,重点探究了计算网格对激波稳定性的影响规律,研究了网格长宽比和畸变角度对激波稳定性的影响。结果显示,在激波附近通过增大网格长宽比或改变网格畸变角度可有效改善激波捕捉的稳定性;相比于增大网格长宽比,改变网格畸变角度提升激波捕捉稳定性的效果更加明显。在此基础上,结合数值耗散分析对高马赫数下数值激波失稳现象的网格依赖性机制进行了探讨。     

Godunov型显式大时间步长格式研究进展

综述了Godunov型显式大时间步长格式的研究进展。首先介绍了显式大时间步长格式的概念、分类和优势。然后重点阐述了Godunov型显式大时间步长格式的构造方法、高阶精度推广方法、多维问题推广方法和收敛特性、分辨率及计算效率等性能，展示了其在典型问题中的应用和验证。最后给出了Godunov型显式大时间步长格式研究进一步可能的发展方向。     

亚、超音喷管中声传播的数值模拟

采用计算气动声学方法研究了管道近音速区的声传播和声波与激波的相互作用问题。空间离散采用高阶DRP格式,时间离散采用低耗散低频散的龙格库塔方法,边界条件采用Giles的特征变量一维非定常无反射边界条件。计算结果和解析解的精确吻合表明,计算中应用的这种高阶的DRP格式有很高的分辨率和很好的稳定性,适合声传播的计算。      

皮托管式轴对称进气道跨音速内,外流场的AF—2方法计算

本文构造了轴向大扰动,径向小扰动轴对称速势方程的AF-2分解格式,计算了IC型皮托管式进气道的跨音速内外流场,并对这种分解格式进行了线化的稳定性分析。分析表明:AF-2方法的稳定性优于SLOR方法,其收敛速度至少比SLOR方法快10倍。     

积分滑模控制在飞艇舵面故障中的应用

针对飞艇运动姿态的小扰动模型,利用极点配置方法设计了积分滑模控制器。对飞艇"×"型舵面出现的故障,给出了期望的特征根,并选择合适的特征向量来构造积分滑模面。给出了一种快速的趋近律形式,并证明了其稳定性。仿真结果表明,与PD控制器相比,积分滑模控制器能使飞艇的运动姿态保持良好。     

低速流数值模拟的低耗散预处理格式

在预处理Roe格式中加入可调参数,给出了一种低耗散预处理Roe格式,并分析了可调参数的取值规律.在极低速区,低耗散预处理Roe格式反应了流动的实际耗散;在与来流速度相近的区域,低耗散预处理R0e格式可以保证流场的稳定性.对低马赫数、低雷诺数定常圆柱绕流和低马赫数、高雷诺数NACA0012翼型绕流所做的数值实验,得到了比...     

强迫耗散非线性发展方程与完全平方守恒格式

从描述大气和海洋运动的强迫耗散非线性发展方程出发，对强迫耗散非线性大气和海洋方程组显式差分格式的计算稳定性进行了分析，构造了一类强迫耗散非线性发展方程的显式准安全平方守恒差分格式。理论分析和数值试验证明，这类显式准完全平方守恒差分格式是计算稳定的，值得推广应用。     

小扰动在二维超声速边界层中的弱非线性传播

采用非线性抛物化稳定性方程(PSE)研究了非平行边界层的弱非线性稳定性。通过在流向采用一阶向后差分,法向采用四阶中心差分,并用预估 校正迭代来耦合非线性项,发展出了求解非线性PSE的数值方法。研究了不同幅值扰动及其高倍谐波的演化情况,发现随着基频扰动幅值的增大,高倍谐波可能失稳,而且失稳的位置会随着基频扰动的增大而向上游移动。通过观察涡量的发展可以发现涡破碎现象。算例与Navier-Stokes方程的直接数值模拟（DNS）结果作了比较,初步检验了其正确性。     

Model reference adaptive control with smooth switching scheme for piecewise linear systems and its application in turbofan engine control

A model reference adaptive control (MRAC) with smooth switching scheme was proposed for piecewise linear systems, and the method was utilized in turbofan engine control to avoid the discontinuity of control input. In this scheme, each sub-region of the operating envelope had its own MRAC controller, and smooth indicator function based smooth switching scheme was introduced to switch multiple controllers smoothly at the boundary of adjacent sub-regions. The Lyapunov stability analysis indicated that the proposed smooth switching scheme can guarantee the convergence of the closed-loop system during the controllers switching. The tracking error system was converted into a switched system to analyze the global stability of the closed-loop system. The advantage of the method was that the chattering of system output and instability caused by asynchronous switching can be eliminated. The simulation illustrates the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme in comparison with the existing MRAC controller with gain scheduling for turbofan engine.      

MPPT of photovoltaic systems using extremum - seeking control

A stability analysis for a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) scheme based on extremum-seeking control is developed for a photovoltaic (PV) array supplying a dc-to-dc switching converter. The global stability of the extremum-seeking algorithm is demonstrated by means of Lyapunov's approach. Subsequently, the algorithm is applied to an MPPT system based on the "perturb and observe" method. The steady-state behavior of the PV system with MPPT control is characterized by a stable oscillation around the maximum power point. The tracking algorithm leads the array coordinates to the maximum power point by increasing or decreasing linearly with time the array voltage. Off-line measurements are not required by the control law, which is implemented by means of an analog multiplier, standard operational amplifiers, a flip-flop circuit and a pulsewidth modulator. The effectiveness of the proposed MPPT scheme is demonstrated experimentally under different operating conditions.     

求解守恒律及对流扩散方程的中心迎风方法

提出了一种新的求解双曲守恒律方程(组)的四阶半离散中心迎风差分方法。空间导数项的离散采用四阶CWENO的构造方法,使所得到的新方法在提高精度的同时,具有更高的分辨率。使用该方法产生的数值粘性同阶要比交错的中心格式小,而且由于数值粘性与时间步长无关,从而时间步长可根据稳定性需要尽可能的小。     

递推阻尼最小二乘法及其在火控系统中的应用

由于火控系统误差模型未知且稳定性较差,采用Kalman滤波实现滤波时,其滤波特性较差;而此时最小二乘法是实际工程应用中的常用方法,但是容易产生参数爆发现象。文中提出了一种基于多输入-多输出(MI-MO)系统的递推阻尼最小二乘法,将其应用到火控滤波系统中。仿真结果表明,利用递推阻尼最小二乘法能达到递推最小二乘法同样的精度,且能明显抑制参数爆发现象,达到良好的滤波效果。     

进气加温模拟装置对涡扇发动机进气流场稳定性影响试验

为分析新设计的进气加温模拟装置对涡扇发动机进气流场稳定性的影响,对试验设备、测试方案、进气流场的稳定性评 估方法和试验方案进行设计研究。通过开展气源供气温度、供气流量和发动机状态多因素匹配工况下涡扇发动机与进气加温模 拟装置的联合试验,确定发动机进口气流稳定性指标的最高值。对不同试验工况数据进行计算分析,结果表明：进气加温模拟的 稳压进气道对发动机进口压力场影响较小,发动机状态稳定时进口温度场只有1个高温区,T 1 升高以及发动机状态提高,温度场及 压力场不稳定性增大,多工况下发动机温场周向不均匀度最大为0.6907%,压力场周向畸变指数最大为0.0187%。进气加温模拟 装置条件下,发动机压力场和温度场稳定性情况满足发动机试验要求,可为后续开展发动机进气加温试验提供参考。     

Robust and adaptive actuator failure compensation designs for a rocket fairing structural-acoustic model

The actuator failure compensation problem is formulated for active vibration control of a rocket fairing structural-acoustic model with unknown actuator failures. Performance of a nominal optimal control scheme in the presence of actuator failures is studied to show the need of effective failure compensation. A robust control scheme and two adaptive control schemes are developed, which are able to ensure the closed-loop system signal boundedness in the presence of actuator failures whose failure pattern and values are unknown. The adaptive scheme for parameterizable failures ensures asymptotic stability despite failure uncertainties. Simulation results verified their failure compensation effectiveness.