对全流量补燃循环发动机系统的研究与分析

论述了全流量补燃循环氢氧发动机的工作过程,并给出了基于这种循环方式的发动机的系统简图。根据现有的氢氧发动机的研制现状,针对全流量补燃发动机进行了系统参数的平衡计算。从这种循环方式的工作机理出发,结合参数计算得到的结果对这种循环方式的发动机的先进性进行了讨论。认为这种循环方式的氢氧发动机可以具有更高的可靠性,以及能够获得更高的性能,能够满足人们现在对高可靠性,低成本,可重复使用的液体火箭发动机的要求。      

气流激励下的叶片高周疲劳寿命研究的发展

航空发动机中叶片振动引起的高循环疲劳失效是尤为突出的问题,对近年来国内外关于叶片高周疲劳寿命的基本方法和研究进展进行了较为详细的综述,总结了目前叶片高周疲劳寿命研究的方法和特点.指出开展叶片高周疲劳寿命预估方法研究的重要途径是完善叶片系统在尾流激励下的动力响应分析方法和将概率设计引进叶片高周疲劳寿命评估.而进行叶片系统的振动响应分析,依赖于轮盘-叶片一体的三维实体模型的精确建立和适合于工程应用的流固耦合求解技术的完善.      

高低周复合载荷对TC11钛合金疲劳性能的影响

为了解高周振动应力对TC11钛合金疲劳性能的影响,进行了TC11的低周疲劳、高周疲劳、以及高低周复合疲劳试验.试验结果表明:高低周复合循环降低了TC11钛合金的抗疲劳性能;复合循环载荷中,高周平均应力水平 σ _major和应力比 R _minor对高低周复合寿命有较大的影响.采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)比较分析了不同类型载荷下的断口宏观和微观形貌特征,高低周复合疲劳断口与高周断口有较明显的区别,高低周复合载荷中的低周循环引起的较大滑移是引起疲劳寿命降低的主要原因.      

Simulation of a working process in the pulsejet engine with an aerodynamic valve on the basis of the thermodynamic cycle analysis

A physical and a mathematical model of a working process in the pulsejet engine based on the analysis of the thermodynamic cycle are proposed. The process of self-sustained periodic combustion is connected with special features of elementary processes comprising the cycle, influencing the engine operation and depending on its design parameters. The calculation method is based on the use of fundamental laws of conservation and basic equations of gas dynamics     

多旋翼无人机的电机关键参数确定方法

通过直流电动机模型推导出PWM波的占空比与电机转速的模型,根据功率守恒方程和上述模型得出电机内阻、反电动势、自身力矩系数和螺旋翼的升力系数的计算方法.通过试验的方法测试安装有螺旋翼电动机的输入电流有效值、占空比和转速,并计算电动机的参数,最后带入到占空比与电机转速的关系模型中,验证以上推导出的模型和计算方法的合理性.结果表明模型的相对误差在3％左右.     

Test sequencing problem arising at the design stage for reducing life cycle cost

Previous test sequencing algorithms only consider the execution cost of a test at the application stage. Due to the fact that the placement cost of some tests at the design stage is considerably high compared with the execution cost, the sequential diagnosis strategy obtained by previous methods is actually not optimal from the view of life cycle. In this paper, the test sequencing problem based on life cycle cost is presented. It is formulated as an optimization problem, which is non-deterministic polynomial-time hard (NP-hard). An algorithm and a strategy to improve its computational efficiency are proposed. The formulation and algorithms are tested on various simulated systems and comparisons are made with the extant test sequencing methods. Application on a pump rotational speed control (PRSC) system of a spacecraft is studied in detail. Both the simulation results and the real-world case application results suggest that the solution proposed in this paper can significantly reduce the life cycle cost of a sequential fault diagnosis strategy.     

Damage localization effects of the regeneratively-cooled thrust chamber wall in LOX/methane rocket engines

To investigate the damage localization effects of the thrust chamber wall caused by combustions in LOX/methane rocket engines, a fluid-structural coupling computational methodology with a multi-channel model is developed to obtain 3-demensioanl thermal and structural responses. Heat and mechanical loads are calculated by a validated finite volume fluid-thermal coupling numerical method considering non-premixed combustion processes of propellants. The methodology is subsequently performed on an LOX/methane thrust chamber under cyclic operation. Results show that the heat loads of the thrust chamber wall are apparently non-uniform in the circumferential direction. There are noticeable disparities between different cooling channels in terms of temperature and strain distributions at the end of the hot run phase, which in turn leads to different temperature ranges, strain ranges, and residual strains during one cycle. With the work cycle proceeding, the circumferential localization effect of the residual strain would be significantly enhanced. A post-processing damage analysis reveals that the low-cycle fatigue damage accumulated in each cycle is almost unchanged, while the quasi static damage accumulated in a considered cycle declines until stabilized after several cycles. The maximum discrepancy of the predicted lives between different cooling channels is about 30%.     

机翼带外挂系统极限环颤振的区间分析

针对带有初偏间隙型非线性刚度的二元翼带外挂系统的极限环颤振,应用当量线化方法得出了颤振边界曲线,并根据颤振边界曲线用4阶Runge-Kutta法得到极限环相图,可明显看出极限环振动与普通周期振动的区别。然后引入了几个不确定量,通过区间分析方法给出了这些不确定量对机翼带外挂系统颤振边界曲线的影响,并用随机有限元法(FEM)验证区间分析方法的可靠性。进而可以得到一定来流速度下,具有不确定机翼外挂系统幅值的上下界,以及不确定参数对极限环相图的影响。知道机翼外挂幅值的上下界后,可以对外挂幅值进行适当控制。     

基于整机试车的涡轮叶片高低循环复合疲劳试验技术

针对航空发动机涡轮叶片同时承受高循环载荷和低循环载荷的特征,以小推力涡喷发动机为研究对象,搭建了基于引电器的涡轮叶片动应力测量系统,利用数值模拟和试验测试结合的方法,实现了高度为30mm的涡轮叶片在40000r/min转速、950℃环境温度条件下的动应力测量,并以此为基础发展了整机高低循环复合疲劳试验方法,开展了高压涡轮叶片高低复合疲劳整机试验。研究结果表明,该型发动机转速在34920r/min时,叶片高循环振动应力达到112.7MPa,带来了涡轮叶片的高循环疲劳损伤且是引起涡轮叶片产生裂纹的主要因素,低循环疲劳载荷是导致裂纹扩展的主要因素,两者综合作用会显著影响涡轮叶片寿命。      

The Influence of the 11-year Solar Cycle on the Stratosphere Below 30 km: a Review

The NCEP/NCAR re-analyses of the global data as high as 10hPa have made it possible to examine the influence of the 11-year sunspot cycle on the lower stratosphere over the entire globe. Previously, the signal of the solar cycle had been detected in the temperatures and heights of the stratosphere at 30hPa and below on the Northern Hemisphere by means of a data set from the Freie Universität Berlin. The global re-analyses show that the signal exists on the Southern Hemisphere too, and that it is almost a mirror image of that on the Northern Hemisphere. The largest temperature correlations with the solar cycle move from one summer hemisphere to the other, and the largest height correlations move poleward within each hemisphere from winter to summer.The correlations are weakest over the whole globe in the northern winter. If, however, one divides the data into the winters when the equatorial Quasi-Biennial Oscillation was easterly or westerly, the arctic correlations become positive and large in the west years, but insignificantly small over the rest of the earth. The correlations in the east years are negative in the Arctic but positive in the subtropics and tropics on both hemispheres.The difference between the east and west years in January-February can be ascribed to the fact that the dominant stratospheric teleconnection and the solar influence work in the same direction in the east years but oppose each other in the west years.NCAR is sponsored by the National Science Foundation.     

航空发动机全生命周期碳排放计量方法研究

航空是碳排放八大重点行业之一,航空产业的碳排放主要受航空发动机碳排放的影响,因此亟需开展航空发动机碳排放计量方法研究。以生命周期评价作为航空发动机碳足迹的量化方法,将航空发动机全生命周期碳排放分为燃料周期碳排放与材料周期碳排放,并分别进行统计;将航空发动机系统边界进行划分,提出各个阶段应进行的数据收集,并对数据做出要求,得到一套相对完整的航空发动机碳排放计量方法。本文得到的方法可以从生命周期的角度全面评估航空发动机碳排放,可为航空发动机全生命周期碳排放计量提供指引,从燃料角度与材料角度为减排提供理论基础。     

Space Weather and the Ground-Level Solar Proton Events of the 23rd Solar Cycle

Solar proton events can adversely affect space and ground-based systems. Ground-level events are a subset of solar proton events that have a harder spectrum than average solar proton events and are detectable on Earth’s surface by cosmic radiation ionization chambers, muon detectors, and neutron monitors. This paper summarizes the space weather effects associated with ground-level solar proton events during the 23rd solar cycle. These effects include communication and navigation systems, spacecraft electronics and operations, space power systems, manned space missions, and commercial aircraft operations. The major effect of ground-level events that affect manned spacecraft operations is increased radiation exposure. The primary effect on commercial aircraft operations is the loss of high frequency communication and, at extreme polar latitudes, an increase in the radiation exposure above that experienced from the background galactic cosmic radiation. Calculations of the maximum potential aircraft polar route exposure for each ground-level event of the 23rd solar cycle are presented. The space weather effects in October and November 2003 are highlighted together with on-going efforts to utilize cosmic ray neutron monitors to predict high energy solar proton events, thus providing an alert so that system operators can possibly make adjustments to vulnerable spacecraft operations and polar aircraft routes.     

The use of model-based test requirements throughout the productlife cycle

Test requirements, which are generally collected in multiple disparate formats throughout the life cycle of an electronic product, could be used in various applications that reduce test and development cycle times and increase the confidence in the final test program. Unfortunately, test requirements are seldom captured in a consistent format that may be processed by a computer, thus eliminating the possibility of using such requirements in an engineering application. Additionally, such an approach disallows test requirements captured in one segment of the product life cycle to be reused in subsequent life cycle stages. This paper describes a model-based methodology, specifically the Test Requirements Model (TeRM), which can be shown to facilitate the transfer of test-related product information between various stages of the life cycle. This transportability, in conjunction with an exchange format that can be processed by a computer, permits test requirement information to support value-added applications in the engineering process throughout the life cycle of a product     

离散RCS的PWPF调制方式改进及混合控制逻辑设计

可重复使用飞行器(RLV)再入控制常涉及离散的反推力控制系统(RCS)和连续的气动舵面的混合控制,其中避免离散RCS出现极限环振荡和混合控制的逻辑是设计的关键问题。为此,对应用脉宽脉频(PWPF)调制的离散RCS进行极限环振荡行为的离散描述函数法预测,推导极限环出现条件,设计了一种前置非对称死区环节规避极限环而不损失性能,在此基础上提出便于工程应用的RCS与气动舵面混合控制逻辑。通过对典型飞行器的控制仿真验证表明,改进的离散RCS的PWPF调制方式及设计的混合控制逻辑能够获得良好的控制效果,满足控制要求。     

间冷循环热力学特征及参数化分析研究

间冷循环技术是大幅提升燃气轮机性能的有效手段。采用图解法分析了间冷热力循环的技术特征,并运用数学推导论证了间冷循环技术可以提高燃气轮机输出功率和热效率的本质。通过搭建数学模型,编制了计算程序,进行了燃气轮机简单循环与间冷循环参数化计算分析,重点进行了总体方案设计中压比分配原则的研究,并结合实际工程案例的参数分析予以佐证。结果表明:在低压和高压压比为0.3左右时,间冷燃气轮机的综合性能最佳。     

用残余应力确定涡轮盘应变循环研究

提出了一种避开瞬态温度场测试而通过残余应力计算得到最大应力应变循环的方法。应用以应力释放位移为几何边界条件的残余应力确定法对某型发动机高压涡轮盘进行了残余应力分析,得到了涡轮盘中心孔与径向销钉孔交界处的残余应力,并计算了该危险点最大应力应变循环,预测了低循环疲劳寿命。研究结果表明,该方法可以较准确地确定影响零部件寿命主要因素的最大应力应变循环。      

全流量补燃循环发动机系统的响应特性

以全流量补燃循环氢氧发动机系统为研究对象,对其的动态响应特性进行了研究。建立了描述全流量补燃循环发动机动态特性的非线性数学模型,将免疫策略算法同龙格-库塔法结合起来,提出了求解含有隐式项的常微分方程组的变步长龙格-库塔方法,并应用该方法对全流量补燃循环发动机系统的动态响应特性进行了仿真计算。计算结果表明,当发动机在某一个稳定工况工作时,发动机入口推进剂压强的变化对发动机性能参数的影响不大,发动机的参数都能比较平稳的过渡到一个新的稳定工况;当发动机在短时间内进行小范围的推力调节时,发动机参数的过渡过程的曲线也比较平稳,但是当在短时间内进行大范围推力调节时,参数的过渡过程的曲线振动比较剧烈,因此应当在进行大范围推力调节时,应当对调节时间进行适当延长,或者分级进行推力调节。      

实际闭式燃气轮机回热循环热力参数数值分析

用有限时间热力学方法分析实际循环性能，计入工质与高、低温热源间换热器和回热器的热阻损失和压气机、涡轮机中的不可逆压缩、膨胀损失，导出变温热源不可逆闭式燃气轮机回热循环的功率输出和热效率与循环压比间的解析式，给出了详细的数值算例说明各项损失对循环参数的影响特点。计算与分析表明，回热对循环功率输出有影响，高、低温侧换热器和回热器的有效度之间存在最佳匹配。     

超临界二氧化碳再压缩布雷顿循环性能分析及优化设计方法研究

为发展工程适用的超临界二氧化碳布雷顿循环优化设计方法,研究了关键参数对超临界二氧化碳再压缩循环性能的影响规律,阐述了循环优化设计的必要性,并基于粒子群算法发展了一种再压缩循环优化设计方法.该方法以最低循环压力、循环增压比和分流因子为优化变量,以循环热效率为目标,以合流三通进口温差为约束条件.参数影响规律分析结果表明:循...     

具有操纵面间隙非线性二维翼段的气动弹性分析

 基于Theodorsen 理论和Wagner 函数,提出了不可压缩流作用下三自由度二维翼段任意运动非定常气动力表达式。对操纵面自由度具有的间隙非线性,建立了二维翼段气动弹性系统无量纲分段线性运动方程。数值仿真预示了系统极限环振动的相轨迹、无量纲振动幅值和频率,表明操纵面铰链处存在的间隙非线性将导致整个系统的极限环振动;随着来流速度的增加,系统极限环振动的幅值和频率都存在跳跃现象。