超低轨卫星气动力辅助轨道控制研究

针对超低轨卫星所受气动力显著的特点,提出一种利用气动舵的气动力辅助轨道控制方法。通过分析大气旋转、卫星所处空间位置以及气动舵偏转角度对气动力的影响,对提出的轨道控制方法进行了优化。该方法通过调整气动舵产生连续微小的气动力对卫星轨道进行控制,使各轨道要素均保持在误差容限范围内。将其应用于太阳同步轨道上的对地观测卫星,仿真结果表明,该方法可以在卫星姿态保持三轴对地稳定的前提下,实现轨道保持控制,保证任意纬度下卫星实际位置与标称轨道位置偏差在给定范围内。     

FY-2C星电源分系统及其在轨性能

介绍了风云二号(FY-2)C气象卫星电源分系统的组成、技术指标和工作原理,以及太阳电池阵、Cd-Ni蓄电池组和电源控制设备等主要部件的设计和改进.遥测数据分析结果显示,C星太阳电池阵功率裕度优于设计要求,采用BSFR太阳电池对方阵工作温度影响不明显,地影轨道72 min地影蓄电池最大放电深度减小,涓流态第三极电性能信号与A,B星-致.在轨运行结果表明,C星电源分系统各部件状态良好,能满足任务要求.国内首次用于地球静止轨道空间电源工程的BSFR太阳电池方阵性能稳定,蓄电池组容量增大,简化了地影期卫星地面管理,改善卫星地影期环境工作温度;解决了A,B星进出影电源分系统自主转电时全调节母线电压的负冲.     

载人航天器的精细化软件研制技术管理方法

载人航天器软件研制具有技术新、难度大、新研配置项多等特点,必须研究一种新型的软件技术管理方法,以确保软件产品质量受控。文章介绍的精细化管理方法是在现有软件研制规范的基础上,通过软件研制工作的阶段化以及软件管理工作的划分,实现了软件的精细化管理。“天宫一号”目标飞行器软件研制工作的实践证明:该方法符合载人航天器型号研制的实际,可保证软件产品质量满足飞行任务要求。     

Control and primary processing of data from the portable spectrometric system ISOCH-111

The basic moduli and software configuration are examined for the spectrometric system ISOCH-111. Brief summary is made on definition of the basic problems to be resolved in the field of remote sensing. The main principles of operation are discussed for the optoelectron conversion bloc (OEC). Its simplified macromodels are examined in brief as well as the procedures for the solution of the reverse problems in the automatic control of sensitivity and dark current, calibration and data correction. The general configuration of ISOCH-111 is given, its main program moduli are described. In conclusion, the experience of the authors is summarised in the provision of mathematical and system software for the device. The possibility for system expansion is also discussed.     

Phantom—dosimeter for estimating effective dose onboard International Space Station

The dose values in body's critical organs are necessary for estimating the effective dose. The tissue-equivalent phantom is used for such assessment as a rule. The spherical phantom is best fit for this goal. Therefore, the method developed on the basis of such phantom application becomes a good mean of effective dose estimating onboard the International Space Station. The main problems connected with developing a method of assessing an effective dose in the human's body organs with usage of a spherical phantom are presented in the paper. Proposed method can be used for monitoring the daily effective dose of crewmembers exposure for undisturbed radiation conditions of the flight.     

基于DVB-S2系统APSK信号的分析与干扰仿真

针对DVB-S2系统采用的幅度相位键控(APSK)等高阶调制方式,分析了APSK信号的调制与解调原理,推导了16APSK信号的误比特率(BER)。仿真讨论了基于DVB-S2系统APSK信号在受不同噪声调制干扰和数字调制信号干扰时的误比特率及干扰效果。结果表明:在低干信比(J/s)时数字调制干扰信号干扰效果更好。研究结果可为APSK信号的抗干扰性能研究提供参考。     

卫星遥感影像外方位元素的误差传播研究

高分辨率卫星遥感影像的几何定位精度与影像外方位元素精度密切相关.文章针对单景影像直接对地定位和立体影像前方交会定位两种典型情况,对影像各外方位元素在目标几何定位中的误差传播规律进行分析比较,相关结论可供卫星姿控及相机载荷设计方参考.     

The dynamics of the space shuttle orbiter with a flexible payload

The Space Shuttle Orbiter will be used as an orbital base for near-term space operations. Its payloads will range from compact satellites to large, flexible antennas. This paper addresses the problem of the dynamics and control of the Orbiter with a flexible payload. Two different cases are presented as examples. The first is a long, slender beam which might be used as an element in a large orbiting structure. The second is a compact satellite mounted on a spin table in the Orbiter payload bay. The closed loop limit cycles are determined for the first payload and the open loop eigenvalues are calculated for the second. Models of both payloads are mechanized in a simulation with the Shuttle on-orbit autopilot. The vehicle is put through a series of representative maneuvers and its behavior analyzed. The degree of interaction for each payload is determined and strategies are discussed for its reduction.     

卫星多体回收技术综述

文章介绍了多体回收技术在长期在轨运行的侦察卫星中的作用 ,以及国际上对这项技术的研究和应用情况 ,说明了这项技术在目前中国实施卫星照相详查任务中的现实意义。最后还对应该采取的研制方案作了简单叙述。     

空间推进器制造中的可破坏性工装

由于航天研究的特殊性,其预研型号零件一般批量很小,并且有许多零件不易装夹。选用一种不同于传统专用工装的可破坏性工装,其材料可以是金属的,也可以是非金属的。为保证进度,必须建立预先性的可破坏性工装的数据库。采用可破坏性工装缩短了研制周期,降低了研制成本。     

基于CAN总线的全自主移动车辆信息网络设计

面向全自主轮式移动车辆设计了基于CAN总线的控制-感知-导航通信系统。提出了CAN总线带宽分配原则及通信协议,并针对典型导航传感器系统进行了通信负载-可靠性试验,给出了多自主移动车辆的信息网络的建立方法。实验结果表明:基于CAN总线实现车体导航-控制可满足自主控制的实时性和可靠性要求。     

Scintillation model of laser beam propagation in satellite-to-ground bidirectional atmospheric channels

This paper discusses a scintillation model of laser beam propagation in satellite-to-ground bidirectional atmospheric channels. The frequency characteristics of the downlink were theoretically derived on the basis of measurements in low Earth orbit satellite-to-ground laser communication experiments. The speckle patterns were averaged and the frequency response of the received optical signal was filtered by a telescope aperture. The model parameters were obtained by fitting the results to the model. This paper introduces scaling factors for the uplink and extends the theory for the downlink to that for the uplink. The proposed model can generate time-varying optical signals based on the von Kármán spectrum for space-to-ground laser links. The scintillation index was estimated using the modified Hufnagel–Valley model, which was obtained from real measurements. The probability density function was fitted by the estimated scintillation index and compared to the gamma–gamma distribution under strong turbulence conditions. The scaling factor for the root mean square wind speed was newly introduced to fit the frequency spectra for the uplink. The simulation results are presented in this paper. The proposed scintillation model can contribute to improving the fading simulation of satellite-to-ground communication links as well as add to the future discussion of standards, like those proposed by the Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems.     

Magnetic trapping in orbit

A toroidal solenoid in orbit can represent a magnetic trap for bodies carrying dipole moment. We find the dependence of the trap dimensions on the electrical parameters and the orbit height. There is no trap if the solenoid radius exceeds a certain value. Various trap dimensions are calculated for a non-spinning space station in Earth or Sun orbit. The trap dimension is nearly independent of the solenoid orientation so that the solenoid may be fastened to the station rigidly. If the solenoid radius is in the range of some meters, the trap dimension is one order of magnitude greater for a distant Earth orbit and two orders of magnitude for an orbit around the Sun at distances of the order of one AU. The calculations are performed for a non-superconducting solenoid. The trap can be used for simplifying the docking on of maintenance vehicles or building modules, as safety mechanism for crewmembers working in outer space, and for the collection of paramagnetic or ferromagnetic dust stopped by mechanical means.     

超短波信道多频互控方式DTMF信令接续与控制

提出一种便捷的用于超短波信道的随路信令解决方案。详细论述多频互控方式的信令信号传送,交换机DTMF信令无线信道接续与控制。设计随路信令方式交换机侧与用户话机侧呼叫处理过程软件程序,设计交换机及用户话机硬件接口电路,给出一种具体的实现方式。     

平流层飞艇艇身外形研究

为了完成特定的任务,平流层飞艇需要克服风场保持长期定点,因此要求其阻力最小。飞艇总阻力中艇身阻力占60-70%,因此对飞艇而言,针对艇身外形进行研究得到阻力小而且实际可用的外形是非常重要。本文采用势流-边界层耦合方法与混合遗传算法对平流层飞艇艇身的外形进行了优化。外部势流采用在艇身表面分布点源的Hess\|Smith面元法求解,边界层计算采用积分边界层方法,阻力系数采用
Squire\|Young方法计算得到。最优外形通过由遗传算法和Nelder\|Mead单纯形法组成的混合遗传算法优化得到。通过优化分析得到了一种实际可用的优化外形,具有在湍流和层流两种流态下阻力系数都比较小的优点。     

目标飞行器舱内流场设计验证与评价

目标飞行器密封舱内流场设计是实现舱内温湿度控制、污染物扩散的基本途径,是保证长期在轨驻留航天员热舒适性的重要手段。文章分析确定了目标飞行器流场设计地面验证的等温化试验准则,通过保证流场温差不大于1 ℃,降低地面自然对流的影响,使微重力环境下工作的流场设计在地面环境得到有效验证。结果表明,航天员活动区88.3%区域风速在0.08～0.5 m/s之间,睡眠区风速均在0.08～0.2 m/s之间,均满足指标要求。目标飞行器流场最佳风速范围（0.076～0.203 m/s）所占比例为82.8%,优于国际空间站各舱段最佳风速范围所占比例。     

多光谱扫描仪的杂光计算

本文采用蒙特卡洛法计算太阳光进入星载光学系统的杂光数量级。并对一具体结构的多光谱扫描仪进行了计算，以确定其消杂光能力。对某些参数的变动也进行了计算，为设计和修改提供了依据     

80 mN霍尔推力器空心阴极寿命试验

我国的多个GEO卫星平台即将采用电推进系统完成轨道保持任务,其中比冲为1 600s的80 mN霍尔推力器是国际公认的最适合完成该项任务的推力器,也是目前国外卫星和深空探测器应用最广的电推力器.为满足15年GEO卫星寿命要求,80 mN霍尔推力器必须达到7500h和8 000次点火的寿命指标.空心阴极作为霍尔推力器的重要组件,其寿命和点火次数必须达到相应的指标.为此,上海空间推进研究所开展了80 mN霍尔推力器空心阴极的寿命试验,试验采用模拟推力器阳极的三极管工作方式进行.截止2013年8月上旬,试验件1完成10 322 h寿命试验（含4 549次点火）,试验件2完成24 248次加热器热循环试验.空心阴极的寿命已经达到任务要求,两个试验件的放电电压、触持极电压和点火时间等性能指标变化很小,目前试验还在持续进行中.     

嫦娥一号卫星控制分系统地面测试系统设计

卫星控制分系统地面测试系统的设计是分系统设计的重要部分,文章介绍了应用于我国首颗月球探测器——嫦娥一号卫星的控制分系统地面测试系统的设计组成,该系统组成复杂,具有较强的可扩展性和二次开发能力,为卫星控制系统测试设备的系列化、通用化及标准化提供了一个有效的途径,其系列产品可以应用于相应的中低轨道卫星的控制分系统测试。