An experimental study of flame turbulence

An experimental study of the turbulence generated by an enclosed, premixed, propane-air flame has been carried out in a combustion chamber of 25 × 20 cm cross section. Care was taken to reduce any effects of the axial pressure gradient. By suitable changes in the grid geometry, the turbulence intensity and scale of the approach flow were varied independently. The results of these experiments show that a strong link exists between the mechanisms of turbulent flame propagation and flame-generated turbulence. Thus three distinct regions may be identified, each having different characteristics in regard to the effects of turbulence scale on flame-generated turbulence. For each region, a physical mechanism for flame-generated turbulence is proposed. In particular, it is observed that over a wide range of intensity and scale of the approach turbulence, (a) the relative turbulence intensity in the flame zone varies in the range 1–2 times the relative turbulence intensity of the cold flow, (b) in the region of intermediate turbulence levels ( ) the flame-generated turbulence intensity reaches a minimum value which is equal to the approach stream turbulence intensity, (c) the flame-generated turbulence intensity reaches a maximum value when the rate of production of turbulent vorticity is equal to about half its rate of viscous dissipation.     

On gas-phase ignition of diffusion flame in the stagnation-point boundary layer

An analytical expression for gas-phase ignition is developed for a diffusion flame in the two-dimensional or axisymmetric stagnation-point boundary-layer flow of a hot oxidizing gas about a vaporizing condensed fuel surface. The analysis is based on the limit of large activation energy for a one-step, irreversible reaction describing the overall combustion process in the gas phase. The approach in this work, following that of our recent analysis on extinction for the same geometry, is to seek an exact correspondence of the parameters of the present problem with those of counterflow diffusion-flame problem of Liñán. Such a correspondence has been found in the frozen-flow regime and as a consequence, the asymptotic structure of the flame in the nearly frozen ignition regime is identical in both the problems. A particular result of this observation is the availability of an analytical criterion for ignition in the present problem. The analysis reveals that contrary to the case of extinction, fluid dynamic details do not have significant effect on the ignition criterion and that Liñán's results may be applied with good accuracy to the condensed fuel problem.     

膏体推进剂点火和燃烧特性的实验研究

膏体推进剂的点火和燃烧特性是发动机设计的重要参数。本实验研究给出的PEPA／AP膏体推进荆自燃温度约为150℃，容易点燃；在工作压强大于0．6MPa时的燃烧临界直径小于1mm。在发动机工作状态下的燃速与静态燃速一致。预计该推进剂适合于多次起动的发动机。     

喷管尺寸对超声速喷流噪声影响研究

为研究喷管尺寸对超声速喷流噪声特性的影响及其声场分布规律而设计了冷流实验系统,选用3种不同尺寸的喷管,采用LMS数据采集系统及噪声处理软件,对不同喷管尺寸、不同来流压强下的喷流噪声进行了采集和处理.实验结果表明,超声速喷流噪声具有较强的指向性,随着测点偏离喷流中心轴线角度从30°增加到180°,其声压级峰值逐渐减小,峰...     

An experimental study on carbon nanotube cathodes for electrodynamic tether propulsion

Research and development of an electrodynamic tether propulsion system for space debris removal has been started in the Institute of Space Technology and Aeronautics, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA). An experimental investigation of a carbon-nanotube field-emission cathode (FEC), which is suitable as an electron emitter in this propulsion system, was conducted in this study. One of the important issues in the design of a FEC is to suppress an electron flow to a gate electrode to avoid thermal deformation of the electrode and to reduce power loss. For meeting this requirement, we designed an FEC device having a masking plate on a cathode surface. A numerical simulation indicated that presence of the masking plate distorts the electric field adjacent to the cathode surface and a converged electron beam that does not impinge on the gate electrode is formed. Several FEC devices were fabricated based on the simulation results, and they were tested experimentally. Results showed that no electron current flowed to the gate electrode when all the electrodes were assembled and aligned correctly.     

烧结双多孔介质中沸腾换热的实验研究

对由铜粉烧结而成的三种双多孔介质结构进行了沸腾换热的实验。为了便于比较，同时对两种单多孔介质进行了沸腾换热实验。结果发现：当双多孔介质的微孔径和单多孔介质的孔径相同时，双多孔介质的换热系数和临界热流密度比单多孔介质高得多；对于同样微孔径的双多孔介质，存在最佳的粗孔径，其换热系数和临界热流密度最大；当逆静水压头减小的时候，换热系数和临界热流密度增加。     

An experimental study on carbon nanotube cathodes for electrodynamic tether propulsion

Research and development of an electrodynamic tether propulsion system for space debris removal has been started in the Institute of Space Technology and Aeronautics, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA). An experimental investigation of a carbon-nanotube field-emission cathode (FEC), which is suitable as an electron emitter in this propulsion system, was conducted in this study. One of the important issues in the design of a FEC is to suppress an electron flow to a gate electrode to avoid thermal deformation of the electrode and to reduce power loss. For meeting this requirement, we designed an FEC device having a masking plate on a cathode surface. A numerical simulation indicated that presence of the masking plate distorts the electric field adjacent to the cathode surface and a converged electron beam that does not impinge on the gate electrode is formed. Several FEC devices were fabricated based on the simulation results, and they were tested experimentally. Results showed that no electron current flowed to the gate electrode when all the electrodes were assembled and aligned correctly.     

RBCC亚燃模态点火及火焰稳定研究

在直联式燃烧试验台上进行了基于机械壅塞的RBCC亚燃模态点火及火焰稳定研究,试验模拟飞行马赫数为2.5,采用扩张型双模态燃烧室和多级JP-10喷注方式。在主火箭工作的情况下,借助发动机出口机械壅塞的方式实现了点火和火焰稳定。同时发现火焰稳定与乙烯引导火焰无关,出口堵塞比是燃烧室压力提升的一个重要影响因素。研究工作为实现基于热力喉道的RBCC亚燃模态稳定高效燃烧提供了良好的基础。     

分段固体火箭发动机中声涡耦合现象的实验研究现状

概述了国内外针对大型分段固体火箭发动机中由于声涡耦合而引起的压强振荡现象的实验研究,包括轴向供气和径向供气的冷流实验以及大量的缩比发动机点火试验。一方面,这些实验用来确定和验证定义涡脱落频率的Strouhal数值,其可在一定程度上解释全尺寸发动机振荡出现的时刻和频率的变化;另一方面,研究了绝热环的高度、厚度、材料、位置以及绝热环间距等参数对振荡幅值的影响,为被动控制提供思路。同时发现,头部、段间和潜入式喷管处空腔对压强振荡也有很大影响。     

C/C复合材料高温热物理性能实验研究

实验研究了烧蚀防热C／C复合材料从常温到高温的等效热膨胀系数、热扩散率、比热随温度的变化情况，并计算了材料不同温度下的热导率与抗热应力系数。结果表明：材料的热膨胀系数很小，接近零膨胀。热扩散率随温度升高而下降，比热随温度升高近似比例增加，而热导率随温度的变化规律与热扩散率相似。材料的抗热应力系数随温度的升高变化不大，抗热震性能稳定。     

一次燃气混合比对引射火箭二次燃烧火焰稳定的影响

在综合分析引射火箭燃烧组织模式的基础上,针对固定结构的引射火箭发动机.借助双燃烧室冲压发动机的原理,开展了SMC+DAB混合燃烧组织模式的数值分析和发动机直连实验研究,详细分析了富燃一次燃气对二次燃烧火焰稳定的作用及其对发动机性能的影响.鲒果表明,SMC+DAB混合燃烧模式具有一定的优点,合适的一次燃气混合比可起到稳定二次燃烧火焰和提高发动机性能的作用,偏高和偏低的一次燃气混合比都不利于发动机性能的提高.在文中给定的实验条件和参数条件下.一次燃气混合比应为0.7左右.     

真空环境下液体射流雾化特性的实验研究

为研究真空环境下液体的雾化特性及其影响因素,建立了真空环境喷雾实验系统。用水模拟液体推进剂,真空环境舱的初始真空度小于10Pa,采用高速动态分析系统测量了喷雾场。结果表明,真空环境下液体射流的闪蒸是其破碎与雾化的主要因素之一;喷射速度较低时喷口发生结冰现象;随着喷射雷诺数的增大,破碎长度变长而雾化锥角减小;喷射速度相同时,喷嘴直径增大,破碎长度和雾化锥角随之增大。     

塞式喷管侧向喷流仿真研究

随着快速、准确等控制要求的提高,越来越多的飞行器采用了直接侧向力控制技术,这对飞行器本体及喷流装置均提出了更高要求,是先进飞行器气动设计中的关键技术之一。参考美国NCADE方案中的塞式喷管控制发动机结构进行了侧向喷流干扰流场的数值仿真研究,并与常规拉瓦尔喷管进行了对比,分析了两种喷管干扰流场结构及性能的异同,为相关研究提供借鉴。     

水冲压发动机燃烧稳定性数值研究

建立了水冲压发动机燃烧稳定性计算模型,对一次进水水冲压发动机燃烧室内流场进行数值模拟。研究了燃烧室长度、水燃比、液滴直径等因素对水冲压发动机燃烧稳定性的影响。研究表明,适当增加燃烧室长度、采用多次进水以减小局部水燃比并选取适当的雾化器,有利于水冲压发动机的稳定燃烧。     

低速条件下引射火箭实验研究

开展了火箭基组合循环推进在引射阶段的实验系统设计，实验系统包括以支板为特征结构形式的引射火箭试验发动机，自由射流气路系统，燃料喷注系统和压强推力数据采集系统，以固体火箭发动机作为燃气发生器，成功地进行了静态海平面零马赫状态下引射模态实验，获得了相关实验数据，同时，对相应的几何结构做了数值模拟，数值计算结果与实验结果基本吻合。     

超临界状态下RP-3航空燃料射流的数值模拟研究

为了研究高超声速飞行器主动冷却系统中的航空燃料喷射及其影响,对超临界状态下RP-3航空燃料的平孔喷嘴射流进行数值模拟,首先利用 Fluent软件进行计算流体动力学（CFD）分析,然后使用多相混合物模型模拟空化两相流,最后采用全空化模型来预测高温条件下燃料的饱和蒸气压对空化产生的机理和影响——当入口压力（P_in）高达4 MPa时,分析在不同环境压力（P_∞）下,温度为333～543 K的航空燃料射流。结果发现：随着燃料温度的升高,饱和蒸气压升高,喷嘴喉部空化和出口闪蒸逐渐发生;随着环境压力的降低,压降增大导致喷嘴内的质量流量增大,喷嘴内的流动逐渐从单相流过渡到空化两相流。     

Numerical and experimental study on the shaped charge for space debris assessment

This paper proposes a numerical analysis method to simulate jet formation and penetration process by the ‘low-velocity’ (67 km/sec-class) inhibited shaped charge launcher, in order to assess the protection capability of the bumper structure against orbital space debris impacts on the spacecraft. The present simulations by a two-dimensional hydrocode (AUTODYN-2D), which was performed by an improved method on the basis of our former works, were compared with the test results based upon the experimental method that we had proposed in our another work. The both results were in fairly good agreement, and the feasibility was ascertained of the calibration between the inhibited CSC jet and solid spherical projectile by the numerical method. Consequently, the accuracy of the ballistic limit curve at 1015 km/sec is expected to be enhanced by making use of the present method hereafter.     

脉冲发动机陶瓷隔板的设计和试验研究

提出了陶瓷隔板及其组件的设计方法,对陶瓷隔板结构进行应力计算,得到了符合工作要求的陶瓷隔板结构形式。对有无刻痕的2个陶瓷隔板进行了耐压和破碎试验,并对试验结果进行了分析。研究表明,采用可切削加工玻璃陶瓷材料设计的等厚度圆拱形隔板具有凸侧耐压高不易破碎、凹侧耐压低易破碎的特点,满足脉冲发动机隔板使用要求。隔板拱顶和隔板与预紧压盖接触边界附近为应力较大区域。有刻痕隔板虽未完全按刻痕破碎,但刻痕减小了隔板碎片形状和尺寸的随机性,有助于形成规则的破口形状。     

闪蒸射流推进的应用

过热液体在低气压(低于其饱和蒸汽压)环境下,会发生剧烈的蒸发,即过热液体的闪蒸现象。利用这一特性,当过热液体通过喷嘴喷射到真空环境时,便会发生闪蒸射流,其中部分液体发生剧烈的汽化,并以高速分离,产生反作用力,从而实现喷气推进。利用闪蒸射流特性的推进方案成功地应用于某伴飞卫星的推进系统中,实现了卫星伴随飞行的目标,取得了良好的结果。     

键合剂对NEPE推进剂破坏趋势影响的实验定量研究

在采用原位拉伸扫描电镜对不同22#键合剂加入量的NEPE推进剂样条单轴拉伸破坏过程进行观察的基础上,通过图像处理与差分盒维数计算的方法,对22#键合剂加入量对NEPE推进剂力学性能的影响进行了定量比较。结果表明,随22#键合剂的加入量增大,有利于提高固体粒子与粘合剂基体的相互作用力。同时也表明,利用分形维数随延伸率的变化曲线,通过对曲线斜率与拐点位置的比较,可对固体推进剂的力学性能变化趋势进行定量研究。