涡轮表面腐蚀原因分析

镍基高温合金涡轮在运行一段时间后表面发生了严重腐蚀、叶片尺寸减小。通过对涡轮表面观察、测试与分析,确定了涡轮表面腐蚀为热腐蚀,腐蚀机理为钠盐热腐蚀,腐蚀介质为含硫钠盐,随着热腐蚀的加重,腐蚀产物不断剥落,导致叶片尺寸逐渐减小。涡轮表面发生热腐蚀原因是由于发动机燃油燃烧不充分,导致表面接触甚至沉积含硫钠盐,在发动机高温的共同作用下发生热腐蚀。     

某型发动机压气机转子叶片失效分析

通过对叶片失效件进行断口观察、分析发现,叶片故障是由于叶片表面发生腐蚀导致疲劳强度降低,使得叶片在振动应力下发生疲劳失效,叶片腐蚀主要是由于发动机的使用环境造成的。     

DD6镍基单晶涡轮转子叶片失效分析

为了排除某航空发动机DD6镍基单晶高温合金涡轮转子叶片在室温振动试验中发生的裂纹故障,对故障叶片进行了外观检查、断口分析、表面检查、解剖检查、化学成分分析、金相检查、应力分布计算及热模拟试验,确定了故障叶片裂纹的性质和产生原因.结果表明:涡轮转子叶片裂纹为高周疲劳裂纹,叶片局部区域存在异常的γ'筏排组织是导致该叶片产生早期疲劳开裂的主要原因,且附近区域腐蚀过重及结构上处于应力集中区,也促进了疲劳裂纹的萌生及扩展.针对这些故障,建议优化叶片结构并对腐蚀检查进行严格监控,防止出现γ’筏排组织及腐蚀过重现象,从而避免此类故障再次发生.     

磨粒流去除电解加工型面腐蚀层的工艺研究

介绍了整体叶轮叶片型面经电争加工成形后为去除晶间腐蚀和表面腐蚀层采了以的磨粒流加工的主要工艺措施及其效果。     

精铸叶片表面针眼的消除

1.概述 一级导向精铸叶片,材料为镍基高温合金 熔炼设备为25kg真空感应炉。型壳材料1～3层为刚玉粉,挂砂为60~#～46~#刚玉砂;4～7层为铝矾土粉,挂砂为36~#、20~#铝矾土砂。叶片结构较复杂,壁厚差较大。较厚部分大于5mm,较薄部分小于1mm。较薄部分弧面较大,两端带槽,排气边缘带有16个小孔。零件自投产以来,浇注后叶片表面反复出现针眼已两个时期。第一个时期为1981年3～6月,第二个时期为1989年4～7月。每出现针眼维持时间长达数月,零件合格率很低,通常不到30％,经济损失严重。 2.针眼的表现形式 1981年3～6月间,在每次浇注脱壳后的叶片表面常布满可宏观见到大量浅银灰色针眼。1989年4～7月,在每次浇注脱壳后都可宏观见到叶片表面出现大量浅红色放射状针眼。凡有针眼的叶片经吹砂腐蚀后,有类似铝锅被酸腐蚀样的小眼,星罗棋布,数量较多,叶背比叶面更多。少数叶片表面较严重的针眼常使整个叶面显出铁红色放光的迹象。针眼深约0.2～0.5mm,直径在0.05～0.1mm。铁红色放光的针眼周围,经吹砂腐蚀表面常呈不规则状态,深度在0.02～O.03mm左右。     

锆基陶瓷热障涂层的腐蚀研究进展

近年来随着航空与航海工业的迅速发展,具有耐高温、长寿命、耐腐蚀等优势的发动机叶片成为开发新一代航空发动机和涡轮发动机的重要一环。热障涂层（TBCs）作为常用的热防护技术,一方面可为发动机叶片部分金属基底提供隔热保护,使其免受高温气体的影响;但另一方面,更高的发动机工作温度使得叶片及其表面TBCs遭受严重的环境沉积物腐蚀,造成过早失效,腐蚀类型主要有热腐蚀、CMAS腐蚀、熔盐腐蚀等。腐蚀已成为限制TBCs工作温度和服役寿命的难题,抗腐蚀防护是目前TBCs领域研究的重点。本文首先简述了以氧化钇稳定氧化锆陶瓷（YSZ）为主的热障涂层材料的主要特性,再简述了TBCs的不同腐蚀的反应机理,重点从涂层的微观结构设计、梯度涂层的设计、涂层成分改性及掺杂改性等方面与涂层腐蚀过程之间的影响关系出发,阐述了TBCs改性方法与涂层腐蚀的特点。提出未来涂层改进与防护的几种方法,最后对TBCs的腐蚀防护发展方向进行了展望。     

热处理制度在叶片防腐中的应用

<正>介绍了通过改变热处理制度降低叶片硬度的方法,对提高航空发动机叶片抗应力腐蚀能力起到的重要作用。腐蚀是自然界中一种普遍现象,在沿海地区海洋性气候条件下工作的航空发动机,其腐蚀现象非常严重。处于高速旋转的压气机工作叶片和受到气流冲刷的静子叶片,如果遭到腐蚀,可能造成叶片失效或提前报废,甚至会危及飞机飞行安全,造成巨大损失。因此延缓或阻止叶片腐蚀,是提高发动机工作可靠性的主要措施之一。     

海航发动机压气机叶片腐蚀与防护措施

海军航空兵所用发动机压气机叶片的腐蚀故障已经成为危害发动机的使用寿命和工作可靠性的严重问题。本文系统地讨论了海航发动机腐蚀性工作环境特点,分析了压气机叶片的腐蚀机理和腐蚀形式,并提出了防护及控制措施。     

GH40钢不同热处理状态下电解加工的金相观察

GH40钢电解加工叶片是由冷拉方钢生产的。供应状态的方钢具有良好的表面质量。但在电解加工中,经常出现一些问题,即同一GH40钢材料,在不同的热处理状态下,电解加工出来的叶片表面质量相差很大,有些叶片的表面腐蚀严重,以致影响使用。为保证叶片质量,对不同热处理状态下的 GH40冷拉方钢进行了电解加工试验和金相观察,本文概述对试验结果进行的分析。     

DD6 合金涡轮叶片裂纹失效分析

为了确定DD6 合金涡轮叶片在工作过程中叶身排气窗处产生的裂纹的性质和产生原因,对裂纹叶片进行了外观检查、 断口分析、成分分析和组织分析。结果表明：DD6 合金涡轮叶片裂纹是叶片排气窗间隔墙内腔转接部位再结晶引起的疲劳开裂,再 结晶晶粒产生于叶片生产过程中固溶处理之后;叶片其他排气窗间隔墙内腔表面存在小裂纹,是在叶片生产过程的再结晶检测工 序中腐蚀液流进内腔侵蚀再结晶晶粒边界所致;并通过模拟试验再现了再结晶晶粒和小裂纹的产生。提出了增加叶片内腔再结晶 检测控制、改进叶片排气窗结构或铸造工艺的建议。     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.     

Preparation of Highly Dispersed Antimony-doped Tin Oxide Nano-powder via Ion-exchange Hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 and Azeotropic Drying

Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates have been synthesized by hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 using: (1) an ion-exchange hydrolysis to remove chlorine ions, and (2) isoamyl acetate as an azeotropic solvent to obviate water. The obtained dried powder is of high dispersivity without any need for further grinding. The size and dispersivity of the final particles are investigated with the aid of TG-DTA, BET, XRD and TEM. After having calcined, the antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowder possesses a tetragonal rutile structure with high dispersivity, uniform particles and low hard agglomeration.     

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

超声速燃烧数值模拟中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型

高精度数值模拟有助于理解超声速湍流燃烧中湍流与化学反应的相互作用,可为发动机燃烧室等工程应用设计提供可靠的预测模型。除直接数值模拟外,目前在湍流燃烧应用中使用的大涡模拟和雷诺平均Navier-Stokes模拟均需要借助模型模化发生在湍流小尺度上的流动与化学反应过程对湍流大尺度运动的影响。现有的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型大致可分为:火焰面类模型和概率密度函数类模型,2类模型在不同的应用中各自具有优势和局限性。此外,现有模型大都基于低马赫数燃烧,而超声速燃烧中通常会伴随快速混合、局部熄火和再着火以及激波等复杂过程,这为发展其中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型提出了更多的挑战。     

适于低轨卫星IP网络的单核共享树组播算法(英文)

为了解决低轨卫星IP网络中现有典型源组播算法的信道资源浪费问题,本文提出了一套单核共享树组播算法,即核心群合并共享树(CCST)和加权核心群合并共享树(w-CCST)算法。CCST 算法包括动态近似中心(DAC)选核方法和核心群合并组播路径构建方法。DAC方法专为周期、规律运动的低轨卫星网络提出,不需要复杂的星上计算。在核心群合并方法中,以核节点作为初始核心群,通过核心群和剩余组成员的最短路径方法逐步扩展直至整棵组播树构建完成,从而使得组播树的树代价最小,大大提高了网络的带宽利用率和组播传输效率。w-CCST 算法中所提出的加权因子可以调整树代价和端到端传播时延之间的折衷程度,因此,可以通过调整加权因子来适度增大树代价、降低端到端传播时延以支持某些端到端时延要求苛刻的实时组播业务。最后,与低轨卫星 IP 网络中典型算法进行了性能比较,仿真结果说明,CCST 算法的平均树代价比其它算法显著降低,w-CCST 算法的平均端到端传播时延小于 CCST 算法。     

Jet Vectoring Control Using a Novel Synthetic Jet Actuator

A primary air jet vectoring control system with a novel synthetic jet actuator (SJA) is presented and simulated numerically. The results show that, in comparison with an existing traditional synthetic jet actuator, which is able to perform the duty of either “push” or “pull”, one novel synthetic jet actuator can fulfill both “push” and “pull” functions to vector the primary jet by shifting a slide block inside it. Therefore, because the new actuator possesses greater efficiency, it has potentiality to replace the existing one in various appli- cations, such as thrust vectoring and the reduction of thermal signature. Moreover, as the novel actuator can fulfill those functions that the existing one can not, it may well be expected to popularize it into more flow control systems.     

Nonlinear Adaptive Slewing Motion Control of Spacecraft Truss Driven by Synchronous V-gimbaled CMG Precession

The slewing motion control of a truss arm driven by a V-gimbaled control-moment-gyro (CMG) is a nonlinear control problem. The V-gimbaled CMG consists of a pair of gyros that must precess synchronously. The moment of inertia of the system, the angular momentum of the gyros and the external disturbances are not exactly known. With the help of feedback linearization and recursive Lyapunov design method, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed to deal with the unknown items. Performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation.     

An SOR Implicit Time-accurate Scheme in Calculating Unsteady Flows

A new time-accurate marching scheme for unsteady flow calculations is proposed in the present work. This method is the combination of classical Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration method and Jacobian matrix diagonally dominant splitting method of LUSGS. One advantage of this algorithm is the second-order accuracy because of no factorization error. Another advantage is the low computational cost because the Jacobian matrices and fluxes are only calculated once in each physical time step. And, the SOR algorithm has better convergence property than Gauss-Seidel. To investigate its accuracy and convergency, several unsteady flow computa- tional tests are carried out by using the proposed SOR algorithm. Roe’s FDS scheme is used to discritize the inviscid flux terms. Un- steady computational results of SOR are compared with the experiment results and those of Gauss-Seidel. Results reveal that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data and the second-order accuracy can be obtained as the Gauss-Seidel for unsteady flow computations. The impact of SOR factor is investigated for unsteady computations by using different SOR factors in this algorithm to simulate each computational test. Different numbers of inner iterations are needed to converge to the same criterion for different SOR factors and optimal choice of SOR factor can improve the computational efficiency greatly.