SPR生物传感器在生命科学及在航天医学中的应用

表面等离子体共振生物传感器在分析生物分子相互作用方面,具有灵敏度高、实时在线、简单快捷和抗干扰能力强等优点,被广泛应用于临床检验、药物筛选等研究领域;因其能满足空间特殊环境下的使用要求,在航天医学领域具有广阔的应用前景.本文综述了表面等离子体共振生物传感器的原理、特点、在生命科学研究中的应用及在航天医学中的应用前景.     

小波变换在层板实时损伤检测中的应用

采用小波变换作为复合材料层合板损伤检测信号的分析工具,在获得复合材料层合板的动力学响应的基础上,应用小波分析工具对结构响应信号进行提取,对含噪声信号则先作降噪声处理,然后再进行小波分解,根据各种响应信号对损伤的灵敏度,选择损伤特征,通过捕捉结构出现损伤的时刻,实现复合材料损伤实时监控.      

共轴共聚焦干涉式表面等离子体显微成像技术

表面等离子体(SPs)显微成像技术能够在纳米尺度上对材料折射率的局部变化以及材料的表面形貌进行检测,这一特性使其在生物医疗及半导体材料等领域有很多的应用。提出一种新型共轴共聚焦干涉式表面等离子体显微成像技术,该技术可以定量地对折射率变化进行检测,而且具有实现简单、成本低、对环境条件要求低、信噪比高等优点。采用压电陶瓷微纳米移动平台在显微物镜的焦面附近对样品进行扫描,SPs信号与参考光的相对相位会改变从而产生一个周期性的振荡信号即V(z)曲线。同时该技术能够通过控制样品的离焦距离来实现图像对比度的可控,而且这一举措不会显著地降低图像的分辨率及对比度。也分别从理论仿真和实验结果上证明了该技术的可行性。     

等离子体处理对非晶态合金镀层表面改性研究

通过微波等离子体处理方法对Ni-W、Ni-W-B非晶态合金镀层表面进行改性的研究,测量了表面改性对非晶态镀层耐蚀性、表面成分及结构的影响.结果表明,经过微波等离子体处理过的Ni-W、Ni-W-B非晶态合金镀层,提高了在H₂SO₄、HNO₃溶液中的耐蚀性以及在700℃环境下的抗氧化性能;微波等离子体处理过的非晶态合金镀层表面含W量和含O量相对提高了;镀层结构仍然是非晶态.     

人工神经网络技术在光电检测中的应用

人工神经网络不仅被广泛用于人工智能、自动控制、机械人、统计学等领域的信息处理中,还越来越多地被应用于光电检测.综述了人工神经网络技术在光电检测中的最新应用进展,重点讨论了人工神经网络技术在谷物蛋白质含量近红外在线监测、结构光三维视觉检测、焊缝缺陷射线实时成像识别、表面粗糙度及球半径精密测量应用中的优点和局限性,以期进一步推动本领域的研究和发展.      

自动测试技术在航天中的应用现状及发展趋势

自动测试技术在航天中具有广泛的应用需求。针对目前航天自动测试系统存在的通用性不强和设备检测维护不便等问题,本文回顾了自动测试技术在航天关键部件性能试验和健康监测、航天产品综合测试以及航天测控系统中的应用现状,对未来的发展趋势和需要重点突破的关键技术进行了探讨。     

在线测量表面粗糙度的传感器及其应用

介绍用于表面粗糙度在线测量的各种非接触光学法,包括反射光位置检测法、聚焦误差检测法、使用光纤和光杠杆的方法。其结果和机械式表面粗糙度轮廓仪所得十分吻合。然而、切屑、润滑液和机床振动会影响在线测量的精度或可行性。     

改进YOLOv4的表面缺陷检测算法

为解决航空发动机部件表面缺陷检测精度低、检测速度慢的问题,提出一种改进的YOLOv4算法进行智能检测。在路径聚合网络（PANet）结构中融合浅层特征与深层特征,增大特征检测尺度,同时去除自下而上的路径增强结构,提高小目标检测精度和整体检测速度;根据各类缺陷数量不同的情况,优化聚焦损失中的平衡参数,增加权重因子调节各类缺陷的损失权重,将改进后的聚焦损失代替分类误差中的交叉熵损失函数,降低样本不平衡和难易样本对检测精度的影响。实验表明：相比于原始YOLOv4算法,改进后的YOLOv4算法在测试集上的平均精度均值（mAP）为90.10%,提高了2.17%;检测速度为24.82 fps,提高了1.58 fps,检测精度也高于单发多框检测（SSD）算法、EfficientDet算法、YOLOv3算法和YOLOv4-Tiny算法。     

结构健康监测技术在航天运载器结构中的应用探索

为了探索结构健康监测技术在航天运载器结构中的应用,通过把微型传感器纳入箭体结构设计之中,和箭体结构集成为一体,从而达到结构自身对环境参数、受载情况的实时监测。以小型无线温度传感器为研究对象,通过方案设计和试验验证进行了初步探索,并针对在航天运载器结构中应用的后续工作提出思考。     

Mutations in cauliflower and sprout broccoli grown from seeds flown in space

Cauliflower and sprout broccoli are widely planted vegetables particularly in Fujian Province, China. To study the mutation in these two types of vegetables induced from spaceflight, we flew the seeds on the 20th Chinese recoverable satellite which orbited the Earth for 18 days. After returning to the Earth, the cauliflower seeds were planted for two generations and the sprout broccoli seeds for one generation at the Xiamen Agriculture Research Institute. Of the 12 cauliflowers planted for the first generation, two showed significant phenotypical changes in both the size of the plant and the weight of the flower head. In addition, most of the space flown plants were found to be resistant to the black rot attack in the field. Cauliflowers planted for the second generation from the seeds in one of the two plants that displayed phenotypical changes in the first generation showed similar mutations. For the first generation of sprout broccoli, the rate of emergence from the flown seeds was lower than that of the control by 30%. No significant changes in the phenotype between the sprout broccolis planted from the flown seeds and the control were observed except one of the mutated sprout broccolis showed a change in the appearance in the lesser bud of the chief flower head. Results of the study demonstrated that DNA damages in some of the genes may have occurred in the seeds flown in space, and some of the changes in the genes may have inherited from the first to the second generation. The improved resistance to the black rot attack and increased size of the flower head are apparently beneficial.     

National Report on Space Medicine Progress in 2014—2016

The progress of China Spaceflight makes a great impetus for the development of space medicine. With the developing of China Space Station, the national space medicine has attained great achievements. In this paper, the basic research of Space Medicine and its application in China during 2014-2016 are briefly reviewed.     

National Report on Space Medicine Progress in 2012–2014

The application of manned spaceflight makes a great impetus on the development of space medicine. With the deep growth of Chinese manned space, our national space medicine has attained great achievements. In this paper, the basic research of Space Medicine and its application in China during 2012–2014 were briefly reviewed.     

基于计算机控制的无人机装备自动检测设备设计与应用

检测技术是武器装备设计、研制、使用和保障的基础。分析了现代武器装备自动检测设备的结构、组成及功能,结合无人机系统的测试内容并基于计算机控制和PXI总线,在采取基本测量环节和闭环控制环节相结合措施基础上,设计了具有自动测试、故障辨识定位、实时控制、自动判断决策等功能的无人机自动检测设备,通过在无人机综合测试等多种测试中应用,取得了满意测试效果。     

基于Kalman滤波器的卫星钟实时异常监测算法

基于卫星钟钟差的Kalman滤波器模型,提出了一种卫星钟实时异常监测算法,对算法原理进行了讨论,并利用IGS精密钟差数据,对算法进行了性能验证。结果表明：该算法对卫星钟的异常情况（包括单点相位跳变与连续相位跳变）可以进行有效监测,同时还可以完成异常数据的剔除与替换,并且具有较小的替换误差。该算法具有显著的实时性,可以应用于星载原子钟的实时异常监测中。     

Progress on space medicine in 2008—2010

Space Medicine is a special subject to be rising with the development of manned spaceflight. In China, Space Medicine has achieved great development during the past two years. In this paper, the basic research of Space Medicine and its application in China during 2008--2010 were briefly introduced.     

A simple closed aquatic ecosystem (CAES) for space

A closed aquatic ecosystem (CAES) was developed to study the effects of microgravity on the function of closed ecosystems aboard the Chinese retrieved satellite and on the spacecraft SHENZHOU-II. These systems housed a small freshwater snail (Bulinus australianus) and an autotrophic green algae (Chlorella pyrenoidosa). The results of the test on the satellite were that the concentration of algae changed little, but that the snails died during the experiments. We then sought to optimize the function of the control system, the cultural conditions and the data acquisition system and carried out an experiment on the spacecraft SHENZHOU-II. Using various sensors to monitor the CAES, real-time data regarding the operation of the CAES in microgravity was acquired. In addition, an on-board 1g centrifuge was included to identify gravity-related factors. It was found that microgravity is the major factor affecting the operation of the CAES in space. The change in biomass of the primary producer during each day in microgravity was larger than that of the control groups. The mean biomass concentration per day in the microgravity group decreased, but that of the control groups increased for several days and then leveled off. Space effects on the biomass of a primary producer may be a result of microgravity effects leading to increasing metabolic rates of the consumer combined with decreases in photosynthesis.     

基于LightGBM的HXMT在轨运行模式监测算法

HXMT卫星的空间硬X射线巡天和定点观测计划切换频繁,需要对卫星有效载荷在轨状态进行实时监测和判别.目前采用的是地面监测人员根据总结的规则进行人工监测的方式,虽然执行方便,可解释性强,但人力消耗较大,且对规则之外的情况无法灵活处理.本文利用HXMT卫星的实时遥测数据,提出一种基于LightGBM机器学习模型的在轨运行模式监测算法,将监测工作规约为多分类问题,并构建判别模型,对卫星在轨运行模式进行判断.在保障判别准确率的前提下,算法模型构建迅速,具有很高的实用性.基于真实遥测数据的试验表明,模型的判别准确率达到99.9%,满足在轨运行模式监测要求,可为HXMT卫星的运行监控任务提供参考依据.