航天电子对抗基地训练设计探析

简要分析了航天电子对抗的现状,就航天电子对抗基地训练中的训练方法、训练内容、蓝军扮演以及训练评估等总体设计的相关情况进行研究。相关结论对提升航天电子对抗基地训练水平有一定意义。     

Promoting UK involvement in the ISS: a space station lifeboat?

The Space Development Council, an organisation of UK space interest groups, is calling for Britain to become re-involved in manned spaceflight. NASA previously offered UK astronaut training in return for participation in the X-38 Crew Return Vehicle, now postponed. A one-person return vehicle might provide an effective and useful alternative. Two designs have been put forward based on Waverider, at one time proposed to be the man-carrying payload for Blue Streak. The more sophisticated of the two is a flex-wing Waverider carrying a one-person escape capsule, designed for long-term on-orbit storage.     

2A12-T4铝合金零件去应力处理工艺研究

针对2A12-T4铝合金薄板类零件在加工过程中,采用110℃保温6小时去应力处理后,对材料硬度略有升高的现象进行了不同参数的工艺试验,试验结果表明在240℃～260℃范围内加热4～6小时的去应力处理,既可降低材料硬度HRB4～7,又能满足设计要求的强度指标,对降低零件机械加工切削力、减小零件残余应力是十分有利的。     

Analysis of carbonaceous biomarkers with the Mars Organic Analyzer microchip capillary electrophoresis system: carboxylic acids

The oxidizing surface chemistry on Mars argues that any comprehensive search for organic compounds indicative of life requires methods to analyze higher oxidation states of carbon with very low limits of detection. To address this goal, microchip capillary electrophoresis (μCE) methods were developed for analysis of carboxylic acids with the Mars Organic Analyzer (MOA). Fluorescent derivatization was achieved by activation with the water soluble 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC) followed by reaction with Cascade Blue hydrazide in 30 mM borate, pH 3. A standard containing 12 carboxylic acids found in terrestrial life was successfully labeled and separated in 30 mM borate at pH 9.5, 20 °C by using the MOA CE system. Limits of detection were 5-10 nM for aliphatic monoacids, 20 nM for malic acid (diacid), and 230 nM for citric acid (triacid). Polyacid benzene derivatives containing 2, 3, 4, and 6 carboxyl groups were also analyzed. In particular, mellitic acid was successfully labeled and analyzed with a limit of detection of 300 nM (5 ppb). Analyses of carboxylic acids sampled from a lava tube cave and a hydrothermal area demonstrated the versatility and robustness of our method. This work establishes that the MOA can be used for sensitive analyses of a wide range of carboxylic acids in the search for extraterrestrial organic molecules.     

An international symbol for the sustained exploration of space

As humanity prepares to extend its reach beyond low-Earth-orbit for the first time since the 1970s, a new symbol of international cooperation is needed to further promote the message of peace and collaboration such exploration entails. The space race that occurred between the USSR and the USA is an ill-suited model for long-term sustained space exploration because it is too costly and too resource-intensive for a single nation to bear. While competition is healthy for technology development, the success of a sustained space exploration strategy lies beyond technological capabilities. It lies in international cooperation, space policy, and public support. Without these, no program can realistically achieve a sustained presence in space beyond low-Earth orbit. To this effect, this paper proposes a cost-effective first step in the form of a universal symbol which, when placed alongside national flags displayed on hardware and astronaut/cosmonaut/taikonaut flight-suits, would send a strong message to the world that space exploration is done for the benefit of humanity as a whole, not just for spacefaring nations. The “Blue Marble”, the first complete picture of Earth taken from space by humans in 1972, fits this universally appealing symbol. This symbol requires no political collaboration between countries, yet is an image that anyone, anywhere in the world, can relate to regardless of nationality, ethnic origin or religious beliefs. Placed on the shoulder pads of human ’nauts – ambassadors of planet Earth – or prominently displayed on spacebound hardware, this symbol would send a universal message to present and future generations that, in space, our planet is working together for the benefit of everyone.     

武器装备体系评估理论与方法的探索与实践

针对武器装备体系评估的需要,围绕体系仿真试验床,提出了基于复杂系统的体系理解、面向整个武器装备体系、坚持联合作战背景、重在体系贡献度量、采用复杂科学方法手段、依托积累的模型和实演的数据、建立全新的体系实验框架、达成辅助高层决策目的等8条新理念,讨论了多重循环实验、体系指标挖掘、网状指标体系、能力状态测量、动态体系模型、焦点接入、基线实验评估、方案智能对接、大数据超网分析、结果多维比对、体系贡献度量、洞察辅助决策等12项关键技术。     

太空中的PM2.5——太阳系尘埃动力学研究进展

对太阳系尘埃动力学所涉及到的基本内容进行概述，包括尘埃的种类、成分、尺寸、密度、形状和生命周期。介绍了近年来在尘埃的来源与生成机制方面的力学过程、主要理论、模型与方法，包括冲击溅射、表面喷射、风化、滑坡、质量脱落、旋转断裂等，阐述了尘埃的充电过程与磁场环境，简要概述了航天任务的尘埃探测结果，介绍了尘埃受力模型、单个尘埃颗粒的运动以及大量尘埃的分布特征、动力学现象及内在规律方面的最新研究结论。最后对太阳系尘埃动力学领域的未来发展趋势进行了展望。     

遥测网络系统发展与展望

遥测系统对于评定航空航天飞行器飞行试验结果、故障定位、健康监测和趋势预测等具有非常重要的意义。近二十年来,高码率遥测体制、双向通信及网络化遥测等需求不断增长,美国靶场司令委员会（RCC）下属机构靶场仪器组（IRIG）将遥测网络系统TmNS纳入到IRIG 106标准中,代表了下一代遥测系统的发展方向。在介绍TmNS发展历程的基础上,对TmNS的概念定义、典型架构、分层模型和网络数据消息、系统配置管理、时间同步、服务质量QoS、路由、源选择、安全等关键技术进行阐述和分析,结合我国遥测技术发展现状,总结其对我国遥测技术发展的启示,并对TmNS后续发展进行展望。     

计划协同管理系统功能设计

本文通过对总公司,子公司两级计划编制、执行、反馈及监控、调整等工作环节深入分析的基础上,提出了计划协同管理的思想,并设计了计划协同管理系统应具备的功能:计划编制、进度控制、计划调整、计划查询、统计报表、消息机制、系统接口七大功能,为提高总公司,子公司两级机构计划管理工作的效率及质量提出了一个技术解决途径。     

基于“OODA环”优化的卫星导航定位安全与对抗应用研究

卫星导航定位设备的“生存”环境日益复杂、严峻,各类电子对抗、干扰欺骗十分激烈,人为干扰已成为卫星导航定位安全与对抗的重点。针对传统手段无法有效应对干扰复杂性、全面性、系统性的不足,本文在分析“OODA环”理论和实践转化的基础上,结合复杂环境下“干扰-抗干扰”的整体对抗过程,优化“OODA环”运行,将其与卫星导航定位安全与对抗应用进行耦合,提出基于“环境感知-筛选隔离-检测识别-效能评估-策略规划-对抗反制-回访反馈-再感知”的卫星导航定位安全与对抗不定向循环链路,并对拓展、映射的七个环节及关键技术进行分析、论证。通过引入“循环”和“不定向”两个概念,不仅实现了周期性外循环和部分环节内循环的嵌套迭代和导向性传输的运行机制;而且优化了内循环的自由度,使得各环节互联且独立、循环但不定向,有效增强了卫星导航定位安全与对抗的鲁棒性。本文的设计思路可加快实现循环链路的动态闭环,提高对抗的整体效能,在实践应用和技术论证中具有一定的参考价值。     

中国空间技术研究院的标准化卫星平台

首先阐述卫星标准化的三种形式——通用化、系列化和组合化的基本概念和卫星平台实现标准化的必要性;其次介绍了国外公用平台的现状,提出建立卫星公用平台的基本原则;最后给出8种公用平台的自重、平台尺寸、可支承的有效载荷重量、总功率、有效栽荷可用功率、姿态控制精度、测控能力、推进剂携带量、设计工作寿命、与运载火箭的兼容性等主要性能参数及应用前景。     

Radiation protection in space

Radiation environment, basic concepts of radiation protection, and specific aspects of the space radiation field are reviewed. The discussion of physico-chemical and subcellular radiation effects includes mechanisms of radiation action and cellular consequences. The discussion of radiobiological effects includes unique aspects of HZE particle effects, space flight findings, terrestrial findings, analysis of somatic radiation effects and effects on critical organs, and early and delayed effects. Other topics include the impact of the space flight environment, measurement of radiation exposure, establishing radiation protection limits, limitations in establishing space-based radiation exposure limits, radiation protection measures, and recommendations.     

空间仿生可变构智能感知网络技术

基于仿生集群系统感知功能与行为的视角,提出了空间感知网络的若干前沿科学问题,包括仿生可变构异构空间分布式智能感知网络设计、单星自主机动对准和协调操控、星群协同相对测量与控制等。在干扰对抗态势下,空间感知网络的生存智能需求是保持各节点的可变构型网络、异构分布式感知与协调控制,从抗扰、容错和节能等角度提出了未来智能感知网络所应具有的安全、绿色和免疫等特征。仿生空间感知网络的目标是通过可变构异构分布式星群设计,实现星群多源信息融合和“眼、耳、脑、体、群”的智能协调,提高感知网络的智能协调能力以及对于空地目标与空间态势的感知、理解、预判和机动处置能力。     

Iridium: failures & successes

This paper will provide an overview of the Iridium business venture in terms of the challenges faced, the successes achieved, and the causes of the ultimate failure of the venture — bankruptcy and system de-orbit. The paper will address technical, business, and policy issues. The intent of the paper is to provide a balanced and accurate overview of the Iridium experience, to aid future decision-making by policy makers, the business community, and technical experts. Key topics will include the history of the program, the objectives and decision-making of Motorola, the market research and analysis conducted, partnering strategies and their impact, consumer equipment availability, and technical issues — target performance, performance achieved, technical accomplishments, and expected and unexpected technical challenges. The paper will use as sources trade media and business articles on the Iridium program, technical papers and conference presentations, Wall Street analyst's reports, and, where possible, interviews with participants and close observers.     

Illumination of the Earth’s ionosphere by the vacuum ultraviolet radiation reflected by the moon

The spectral curve of the flux density of the radiation, which is reflected by the full moon towards the Earth’s ionosphere within a wavelength range of 200–1700 Å, has been presented. This curve is obtained by the approximation of space experiment data available in the scientific literature on the lunar spectral albedo and solar spectrum. Estimates of maximum values of spectral densities of fluxes reflected by the full moon in the neighborhood of wavelengths of ionization of basic ionospheric particles (neutral atoms of H I, He I, N I, O I, and Ar I and ions of He II, N II, O II, Ar II, N III, O III, and Ar III, as well as molecules of H₂, N₂, and O₂) are given.     

空间站应用的发展及存在问题

简要介绍了国外载人空间站应用的发展和"国际空间站"应用的现状,重点总结和分析空间站应用面临的挑战性问题,包括应用人时不足,建设进度推迟,有效载荷配置不到位,运输能力不够,供电欠缺,设备和器材无序安装与存放,缺少合理建造与应用的综合规划和协调程序,以及潜在的设备故障与人为失误,同时,给出了解决这些问题的思路和途径。     

FY-2C星业务运行调度管理

介绍了风云二号(FY-2)C星系统运行控制中心(SOCC)的组成和功能,阐述了C星业务测控与管理、特殊事件预报与控制,并说明其采用的全系统集中控制、卫星业务运行自动调度、卫星测控流程控制、应用系统作业流程,以及系统设备运行监视与控制等调度控制方式.与01批相比,C星SOCC的系统结构与功能有较大改进,由原分散式功能单-的调度改为集中式监视和控制能力强大的"大运控"系统.该系统集中了卫星控制、整个地面业务系统调度安排、各种作业调度管理、地面设备切换控制、产品处理软件调度,以及产品分发等各种功能,具有-定的先进性.     

中性大气环境效应模拟试验技术现状及发展方向

文章首先对空间中性大气环境进行分析,阐述了大气阻力、氧化剥蚀、污染及辉光效应。然后对中性大气环境效应模拟试验技术现状进行梳理介绍,包括大气阻力试验技术、氧化剥蚀效应试验技术、污染效应试验技术、辉光效应试验技术等。最后结合未来型号和深空探测任务需求,对空间中性大气环境效应模拟试验技术发展方向进行了探讨。     

国外低轨物联网星座系统发展分析

随着地面移动通信系统的建设发展和移动互联网业务的爆发式增长,多样化的移动通信需求和应用场景不断涌现,传统的“人与人”之间的通信正在扩展向“人与物”、“物与物”的通信。物联网(internet of things, IoT)技术近年飞速发展,并已投入广泛建设和应用。卫星因其广域覆盖和抗毁性,比较适应于大区域数据采集和物联业务。近年来随着卫星通信技术能力的提升和产业链条的优化,商业航天蓬勃发展,天地一体成为趋势。天基物联网、天地融合物联网成为新的关注点。国际上近年来涌现出数十个天基物联网系统,部分已投入工程建设和应用,已在天基物联网的系统架构和体制设计上取得进展。针对卫星物联网技术发展和建设应用开展调研,对Orbcomm、Kepler、SpaceMobile、ELO等低轨星座物联网系统的建设规划、能力定位、系统架构、星座方案、通信技术、频率资源、市场应用等方面进行了全面分析,并对天基物联网星座系统的发展趋势和关键问题进行总结。     

批产卫星验证技术分析

为解决批产卫星验证方法和流程的优化问题,首先通过对国外批产星座验证技术的调研分析,梳理出批产卫星验证策略的特点.其次,从验证基线、验证方法、验证装配级、验证理念等方面开展研究,总结批产卫星验证设计的技术要点.最后,从完善批产验证标准体系、制定并实践合理高效的批产验证策略、加强商用现货(COTS)技术应用可靠性保证、强化...