放电等离子烧结法制备多孔铝材料

采用等离子脉冲烧结(SPS)进行了多孔铝块体材料的制备。结果表明采用该方法在350℃时可以制备出结构与尺寸可控性好、粉体颗粒无明显长大、孔隙率(54.07%)较高的多孔金属铝块体材料。该制备方法对于开孔性与颗粒连接性要求较高的多孔金属材料具有较高的技术优势。     

SPS制备ZrB2基超高温陶瓷的研究进展

本文阐述了放电等离子体烧结(SPS)技术的相关情况,介绍了ZrB<,2>基超高温陶瓷的特点、优势、性能以及国内外的SPS制备方法,探讨了不同添加剂的助烧效果以及相关机理,展望了我国ZrB<,2>基超高温陶瓷的应用前景.     

三维网络碳化硅多孔陶瓷的制备

以中间相沥青添加55%(质量分数,下同)的Si粉混合物为原料,制备了含Si的炭泡沫模板。在高温反应烧结炉中,氩气气氛下1500℃保温1～6h,结合反应烧结工艺制备了碳化硅多孔陶瓷。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线衍射分析仪(XRD)对碳化硅多孔陶瓷的微观形貌、物相组成进行了观察,并对熔融Si与C的反应机理进行了探讨。结果表明:碳化硅多孔陶瓷的微观结构与炭泡沫模板的微观结构一致,烧结温度1500℃下,随着保温时间的延长,多孔陶瓷的弯曲强度先增大后减小,而孔隙率先减小后增大;在保温4h的条件下制备的碳化硅多孔陶瓷主要由β-SiC相组成,最大弯曲强度为26.2MPa,对应的孔隙率为45%。内部熔融的Si与外部熔融的Si同时与C反应生成SiC,最后两者结合在一起形成致密的SiC多孔陶瓷。     

放电等离子烧结Al2O3-ZrO2纳米复相陶瓷及其力学性能

采用醇 水溶液加热法制备两相分散良好的纳米复合粉体,通过放电等离子超快速烧结制备Al2O3 ZrO2纳米复相陶瓷。研究了纳米第二相ZrO2对复相陶瓷致密化、烧结行为、力学性能以及微观结构的影响。从烧结激活能的观点解释了纳米第二相阻止基体Al2O3致密化的原因。放电等离子烧结得到了典型的晶间/晶内混合型纳米陶瓷,其弯曲强度高达1070MPa,断裂韧性达10.42MPa·m1/2。微观组织分析表明其中大量的内晶纳米颗粒阻止位错运动,使得基体氧化铝晶粒内形成复杂的位错组态,其主要特点为穿晶断裂和多重界面。     

镁合金等离子体氧化时火花变化规律的研究

研究Magoxid工艺中镁合金等离子体氧化的过程,此过程分为三个阶段:普通阳极氧化、微弧氧化以及弧光氧化.随着氧化的进行,施加的电压不断升高,火花由微弧向弧光过渡.而微弧和弧光开始均主要集中于样品的边缘,然后均匀分布于整个样品表面.与微弧氧化阶段相比,弧光氧化阶段火花的数量明显减少,尺寸增大,并且持续的时间延长.与火花变化过程相对应,氧化膜表面孔数量减少,直径逐渐增大.氧化时间超过10min后,氧化膜表面呈现不明显的多孔结构.     

激光烧结制备藕状316不锈钢多孔材料的微孔结构特征

 对含预合金316不锈钢和造孔剂（组分包括硼酸和氟硼酸钾）的混合粉末，进行了激光烧结制备藕状多孔材料的实验研究。利用扫描电镜分析了激光烧结试样的微观孔隙特征，并测定其孔隙率。结果表明，在较低的扫描速率下可获得孔径分布均匀、孔隙贯通性良好的藕状多孔结构；当扫描速率逐步提高时，孔隙生长方向沿扫描方向的倾斜趋势有所增强，而若扫描速率高于0.12 m/s，试样内部藕状多孔结构出现紊乱，有序性降低。随扫描速率逐渐提高，试样孔隙率呈下降趋势。     

预烧结对反应烧结多孔氮化硅陶瓷性能的影响

研究了预烧结对反应烧结多孔氮化硅陶瓷的介电性能和力学性能的影响。通过添加30wt%的成孔剂颗粒,制备出孔隙率在55%左右的具有宏观球形孔的多孔氮化硅陶瓷。反应烧结前,在低于硅熔点的温度下,对多孔硅坯体进行不同温度和不同时间的预烧。结果表明,随着预烧结温度的增高和时间的加长,反应烧结后烧结体的强度明显提高,介电常数ε′和介电损耗tanδ都有小幅度的增加。在硅粉中添加5wt%Y2O3 5wt%Al2O3进行预烧,可以减小反应烧结后试样的ε′,并且随预烧结时间的增加而减小。     

A Novel Approach for the Effective Thermal Conductivity of Porous Ceramics

A new approach in combination of the effective medium theory with the equivalent unit in numerical simulation was developed to study the effective thermal conductivity of porous ceramics. The finite element method was used to simulate the heat transfer process which enables to acquire accurate results through highly complicated modeling and intensive computation. An alternative approach to mesh the material into small cells was also presented. The effective medium theory accounts for the effective thermal conductivity of cells while the equivalent unit is subsequently applied in numerical simulation to analyze the effective thermal conductivity of the porous ceramics. A new expression for the effective thermal conductivity, allowing for some structure factors such as volume fraction of pores and thermal conductivity, was put forward, and the results of its application was proved to be close to those of the mathematical simulation.     

Preparation of Porous Silica Ceramics with Low Dielectric Constant

Porous silica ceramics has been prepared with the starch consolidation casting method. Slurries with various fractions of starch added in were prepared by ball-milling. The evaluation of the microstructures was done through two techniques: Hg porosimetry and SEM investigation. The bending strength of the sintered samples varied within the range of 10 MPa-20 MPa and the low dielectric con-stant within the range of 2.0-2.4 correspondent with the porosity of 42%-56%. The ceramics holds a brilliant promise of being a kind of core material used in sandwich-like electromagnetic windows.     

A Novel Approach for the Effective Thermal Conductivity of Porous Ceramics

A new approach in combination of the effective medium theory with the equivalent unit in numerical simulation was developed to study the effective thermal conductivity of porous ceramics. The finite element method was used to simulate the heat transfer process which enables to acquire accurate results through highly complicated modeling and intensive computation. An alternative approach to mesh the material into small cells was also presented. The effective medium theory accounts for the effective thermal conductivity of cells while the equivalent unit is subsequently applied in numerical simulation to analyze the effective thermal conductivity of the porous ceramics. A new expression for the effective thermal conductivity, allowing for some structure factors such as volume fraction of pores and thermal conductivity, was put forward, and the results of its application was proved to be close to those of the mathematical simula-tion.     

微波烧结制备MoSi2 及SiC/ MoSi2 纳米复合陶瓷

采用微波烧结法制备了MoSi2和10vol%SiC/MoSi2纳米复合陶瓷。通过SiC预加热体的混合式加热法和合理的保温结构设计,实现了MoSi2低温阶段的快速升温,提高了温度均匀性。密度和力学性能测试结果表明,1 450℃保温60 min烧结工艺下,MoSi2试样的相对密度达到93.4%,断裂韧度4.5 MPa.m1/2,维氏硬度为10.53 GPa,弯曲强度为186 MPa。10vol%SiC/MoSi2试样尽管相对密度下降为90.3%,但各项力学性能均优于MoSi2试样。相比1 650℃热压烧结,微波烧结温度降低了200℃,MoSi2和SiC/MoSi2试样致密性有所下降,但力学性能有较大提高,尤其是MoSi2试样。断口扫描分析表明,微波烧结试样相对热压烧结试样基体晶粒更细,孔隙细小且分布均匀;SiC/MoSi2试样微波烧结的晶粒细化效果不如MoSi2明显。     

热压烧结法制备Cf／SiC陶瓷基复合材料研究

以有机硅先驱体聚碳硅烷为粘结剂,采用热压烧结工艺,制得了Ｃｆ／ＳｉＣ陶瓷基复合材料,并对其三点弯曲强度进行了测试和分析,结果表明：该工艺方法可方便的制得强度较高的陶瓷基复合材料单向板;其三点弯曲强度与试样的高跨比有很大关系,高跨比越大,弯曲强度越小;当高跨比为０．０７３时,材料弯曲强度为４７５．１ＭＰａ,断裂功为４．４７ｋＪ／ｍ＾２;材料的应力－应变曲线与普通陶瓷不同,表现塑性变形的非线性弹性特征     

SPS温度对铜/镍粉/304不锈钢接头组织与剪切强度的影响

采用脉冲放电等离子烧结(SPS)制备了添加镍粉中间层的铜/304不锈钢接头,研究了焊接温度对接头组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明,以镍粉为中间层,可以实现铜与304不锈钢的扩散焊接。铜/镍界面处铜、镍互扩散形成铜/镍界面扩散层,镍/304不锈钢界面处镍、铁互扩散形成镍/铁界面扩散层,铜/镍扩散层厚度大于镍/铁扩散层厚度。在焊接压力为10 MPa、焊接温度为900℃时,铜/304不锈钢接头剪切强度最佳,为98 MPa。铜/304不锈钢接头断口形貌呈韧窝状,断裂均在镍中间层处,接头连接强度受制于镍中间层本身的强度。     

Al含量对空心阴极等离子烧结Ti/Ni等原子比TiNiAl合金组织和力学性能的影响

 采用空心阴极等离子烧结工艺制备了Ti/Ni等原子比的Ti_50-x/2Ni_50-x/2Al_x(x=0,3,6,9)合金,研究了Al含量对合金微观组织以及力学性能的影响。结果表明:未添加铝的合金微观组织主要由NiTi基体、强化相Ti₂Ni、Ni₃Ti及孔隙组成;随着Al含量的提高,合金中Ti₂Ni(Al)数量不断增多,孔隙数量和孔径不断增加,Ni₃Ti(Al)数量不断减少,在Ti_45.5Ni_45.5Al₉中还生成了少量Ni₂TiAl相;合金的抗弯强度随Al含量的提高而增加,并在Al含量为6%时达到最大值296.3 MPa;合金的硬度随铝含量的提高而增加,Ti_45.5Ni_45.5Al₉的硬度值为295.6 HV。     

EBPVD 金属/陶瓷微层复合材料的研究与应用

介绍了电子束物理气相沉积(EBPVD)法制备微层复合材料的优点，详述了其四种不同材料体系的设计思想，同时对制备金属／陶瓷微层复合材料的具体气相沉积技术进行了介绍。     

铌酸锶钡陶瓷的固相烧结行为与结构演化研究

采用不同前驱体:Sr(NO3)2,Ba(NO3)2,Nb2O5(NSBN70)和SrCO3,BaCO3,Nb2O5(CSBN70)用传统烧结方法制备Sr0.7Ba03Nb2O6陶瓷.通过XRD、SEM实验手段,研究了硝酸盐前驱体制备过程中烧结温度和烧结时间对结构演化的影响.对比了不同前驱体制备SBN70陶瓷的显微结构.实验结果显示:采用硝酸盐前驱体,1400℃下烧结4h可得到纯SBN70相;1375℃烧结6h得到纯SBN70相.与碳酸盐前驱体相比,NSBN70呈现出双结构,比CSBN70易于出现异常晶粒长大.     

W-Re合金构件气氛保护等离子喷涂成形技术

采用包覆法制备W-5％(质量分数)Re复合粉末,采用气氛保护等离子喷涂成形技术制备某实验型固体火箭发动机喷管(Solid Rocket Motor,SRM),研究2300 ℃真空烧结时喷管致密度、组织结构及显微硬度、抗拉强度、压缩强度等性能随烧结时间的变化规律.研究表明:喷涂成形件为典型的柱状晶层片结构,粒子层片结合部位存在较多孔隙及微观缝隙,成形件致密度为87.5％,其显微硬度、抗拉强度、压缩强度分别为321.8 HV0.025,57.9 MPa及390.2MPa.随着真空烧结时间由2h延长至6h及8h,W-Re合金逐渐由定向凝固柱状晶层片结构转化为颗粒状结构,致密度及力学性能均随之提高.其中经8h烧结处理后,W-Re合金致密度、显微硬度、抗拉强度、压缩强度及屈服强度分别增加至98.6％,529.7 HV0.025,384.7 MPa,1466.5 MPa及879.6 MPa.由于Re元素可提高W-Re合金的再结晶温度,有效细化晶粒,显著提高合金的程度及塑性,等离子喷涂成形W-Re合金经真空烧结后可观察到明显的Re效应.     

Effect of Sintering on Thermal Conductivity and Thermal Barrier Effects of Thermal Barrier Coatings

Thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) are mostly applied to hot components of advanced turbine engines to insulate the components from hot gas. The effect of sintering on thermal conductivity and thermal barrier effects of conventional plasma sprayed and nanostructured yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) are investigated. Remarkable increase in thermal conductivity occurs to both typical coatings after heat treatment. The change of porosity is just the opposite. The grain size of the nanostructured zirconia coating increases more drastically with annealing time compared to that of the conventional plasma sprayed coating, which indicates that coating sintering makes more contributions to the thermal conductivity of the nanostructured coating than that of the conventional coating. Thermal barrier effect tests using temperature difference technique are performed on both coatings. The thermal barrier effects decrease with the increase of thermal conductivity after heat treatment and the decline seems more drastic in low thermal conductivity range. The decline in thermal barrier effects is about 80 °C for nanostructured coating after 100 h heat treatment, while the conventional coating reduces by less than 60 °C compared to the as-sprayed coating.     

RTM成型聚酰亚胺复合材料的热氧老化特性

采用树脂传递模塑(RTM)工艺制备了U-3160碳纤维增强HT-350RTM聚酰亚胺树脂基复合材料(U-3160/HT-350RTM),研究了不同老化温度、老化时间下U-3160/HT-350RTM复合材料的失重率的变化规律,建立聚酰亚胺复合材料老化失效特征与老化时间/老化温度的关系,并通过微观形貌分析阐述了其在热氧老化过程中的失效机理。结果表明:在一定温度下复合材料的失重率变化符合三次多项式的变化规律,复合材料的老化在材料近表面尤为明显,由于氧分子作用,聚酰亚胺树脂发生降解导致孔隙率增加,因此温度越高、老化时间越长老化加速现象越明显。     

2Cr13钢的全方位离子注入与离子束增强沉积复合表面强化处理

对 2Cr13不锈钢表面进行了等离子体浸没离子注入(PIII)与离子束增强沉积(IBED)复合强化处理。对强化后的试样进行了俄歇电子能谱(AES)、X光电子能谱(XPS)分析及显微硬度、摩擦磨损和耐腐蚀性能测试。结果表明,处理后的试样表面层中含有强化相TiN和CrN;与基体相比,被处理试样的显微硬度显著增大,最大增幅达80 4%;摩擦系数降至 0 2~0 3,磨痕宽度最大减少了近 4倍;腐蚀电位最大提高了 5倍,腐蚀电流密度减少了 26倍。磨损中粘着现象大大减轻,耐磨耐蚀性能得到了显著改善。