带周向槽机匣处理的离心压气机扩稳机理分析

机匣处理能够改善压气机稳定裕度，扩大其稳定工作范围。通过对带周向槽机匣处理的NASA低速离心叶轮（LSCC）进行了时间精确的全三维数值模拟，并对周向槽机匣结构和实壁机匣结构在近失速流量点工况下的计算结果进行了比较分析。分析结果表明，周向槽处理机匣对叶顶间隙泄漏涡的抑制是周向槽机匣处理扩稳的主要原因。     

轴流压气机折线缝式机匣处理扩稳机理

1引言风扇/压气机的气动失稳不但会对其气动性能造成恶劣影响,而且还有可能对发动机结构造成毁灭性的破坏。因此,如何延迟风扇/压气机气动失稳的发生,拓展稳定工作范围,一直是提高其性能的关键技术之一。机匣处理是一种扩大压气机稳定工作范围的有效措施,然而,大多数机匣处理在     

带周向槽机匣处理的压气机内部流动数值模拟与试验

采用试验和数值模拟的方法研究了周向槽机匣处理对轴流压气机性能以及内部流场的影响。在单级轴流压气机试验台上对实壁机匣和周向槽机匣结构进行了详细的实验测试。同时,对每一种机匣结构的内部流场进行了全三维数值模拟,数值模拟结果与试验结果符合良好,相比于实壁机匣,试验以及数值模拟结果均表明周向槽机匣处理结构能够扩大压气机的稳定工作裕度,而对效率的影响不大。对内部流场的详细分析表明周向槽处理机匣对叶顶间隙泄漏涡形成和发展的抑制是周向槽机匣处理扩稳的主要原因。      

跨声速压气机机匣处理的数值研究

介绍了所开发的压气机内流场三维N-S方程计算程序.在利用典型算例验证了计算程序的描述能力和精度的基础之上, 对带有顶隙和机匣处理的跨声速压气机内的流动进行了三维数值模拟.研究了环向槽机匣处理方式, 比较了不同开槽方式下, 机匣处理对顶隙泄漏流和压气机性能的影响.      

双倾斜壁缝式机匣处理对离心压气机性能的影响

采用数值仿真手段研究不同倾斜方向的双倾斜壁缝式机匣处理对离心压气机性能的影响.研究结果表明:合适的机匣处理缝倾角组合有助于合理组织导叶和动叶气流角匹配关系.通过详细分析离心压气机内部流场表明:双倾斜壁缝式机匣处理方案A通过对动叶叶尖泄漏流的抽吸和重新组织,对机匣处理缝后部的低能流体抽吸并吸除,经过背腔在机匣处理缝前部重新注入相邻的叶栅流道,从而在轴向和周向控制了叶尖泄漏流的发展,改善了下游的堵塞情形,大幅度提高了压气机的稳定工作裕度.      

进口畸变下缝式机匣处理改善轴流压气机性能的研究

为了研究进口畸变下缝式机匣处理改善轴流压气机性能的机理,以亚声速单级轴流压气机的孤立转子为研究对象,在53.4%设计转速下,采用10通道非定常的数值模拟方法,开展进口畸变下轴向倾斜缝机匣处理改善轴流压气机性能的机理研究。采取在进口径向延伸段中部沿周向设置栏杆的方式产生畸变。与进口均匀实体壁机匣相比,进口畸变实体壁机匣的失速裕度改进量和峰值效率改进量分别为-5.88%和-1.44%,而进口畸变带机匣处理的失速裕度改进量和峰值效率改进量分别为24.37%和-1.09%。进口均匀实体壁机匣时,压气机的失速类型为典型的突尖型失速,即由叶顶间隙泄漏流引起的堵塞所造成。进口畸变引发叶顶处吸力面的气流分离,且气流分离沿周向呈非轴对称分布,进口畸变后叶顶通道内的低速区在很大程度上还是由叶顶间隙泄漏流所造成,只不过相比于进口均匀,叶顶处吸力面的气流分离提前发生,并且反过来又加剧叶顶间隙泄漏流的负面影响,即进口畸变后压气机失速的主要诱因没有发生本质的变化。机匣处理上、下游的喷射、抽吸过程分别对叶顶通道上游、中部的低速区气流起到激励、吹除作用,其有效地抑制了由叶顶间隙泄漏流所造成的叶顶前缘溢流和叶顶通道内压力面附近的回流,进而提高了叶顶通道的流通能力。     

反叶片角向缝机匣处理影响轴流压气机性能的机理

采用试验和非定常数值模拟方法研究了反叶片角向缝机匣处理对亚声速轴流压气机性能的影响.试验与数值计算结果均指出反叶片角向缝机匣处理后,转子在降低12%左右最大等熵效率的基础上获得30.1%左右的失速裕度改进量.详细的转子叶顶流场分析表明反叶片角向缝机匣处理改善了叶顶间隙泄漏流动,消除了实体壁机匣时叶顶通道低速泄漏流形成的堵塞,因此转子稳定性得以提高.同时转子叶片与处理缝的相对位置变化会影响处理缝的扩稳能力.处理缝中回流、处理缝形成的喷射流与叶顶通道主流的相互作用都造成较大的流动损失,进而使转子等熵效率降低.反叶片角向缝机匣处理前移约55%叶顶轴向弦长的数值研究结果表明,与反叶片角向缝机匣处理比较,反叶片角向缝机匣处理前移获得的失速裕度改进量降低约10.4%,但等熵效率的恶化程度降低近64%.      

轴流压气机机匣处理数值研究

 本文采用带进口总压梯度的无粘模型和Denton J D.格式,首次对压气机机匣处理三维流场进行了数值求解,对奇点边界及数值稳定性作了探讨。并在定性解释机匣处理试验结果及机理中符合一致。     

轴向槽机匣处理提高离心压气机失速裕度的数值研究

为了提高-离心压气机设计转速下失速裕度,本文采用了轴向槽机匣处理方案,对实壁机匣和处理机匣压气机流场进行了数值模拟分析.计算结果表明:(1)轴向槽机匣处理可以使离心压气机失速裕度提高12%,但同时也带了损失,压气机峰值效率损失了约3%;(2)轴向槽机匣处理改善了压气机尖部流场结构,抑制了由间隙泄露涡引起的主流通道阻塞,这是压气机失速裕度提高的主要原因.     

轴流压气机转子近失速工况点叶尖区流动非定常性分析

为了揭示某轴流压气机转子近失速工况点叶尖区域流场的非定常变化及其形成机理,采用定常和非定常数值模拟方法对其内部流场进行了全三维的数值模拟。通过和已有的试验测量结果进行对比分析表明,预测的总性能及基元性能与试验结果取得了很好的一致性。近失速工况点的非定常模拟结果表明,压气机的总性能及叶片承受的扭矩出现了周期性的波动,其波动周期约为转子通过频率的2.5倍。进一步详细分析叶尖区流场的瞬态流动结构发现,间隙泄漏涡在近失速工况下出现了泡式破碎,破碎的泄漏涡、主流以及来自相邻叶片的间隙泄漏流相互作用形成了另外一个特征明显的旋涡(命名为叶尖二次涡)。该旋涡的形成、发展和运动是压气机的总性能出现周期性波动的主要原因。     

Experimental and numerical study of tip injection in a subsonic axial flow compressor

Parametric study of tip injection was implemented experimentally on a subsonic axial flow compressor to understand the underlying flow mechanisms of stability improvement of the compressor with discrete tip injection.Injector throat height varied from 2 to 6 times the height of rotor tip clearance,and circumferential coverage percentage ranged from 8.3％ to 25％ of the annulus.Static pressure fluctuations over the rotor tip were measured with fast-response pressure transducers.Whole-passage time-accurate simulations were also carried out to help us understand the flow details.The combinations of tip injection with traditional casing treatments were experi mentally studied to generate an engineering-acceptable method of compressor stall control.The results indicate that the maximum stability improvement is achieved when injectors are choked despite their different sizes.The effect of circumferential coverage percentage on compressor stabil ity depends on the value of injector throat height for un-choked injectors,and vice versa.Tip blockage in the blade passage is greatly reduced by the choked injectors,which is the primary reason for stability enhancement.The accomplishment of blockage diminishment is maintained in the circumferential direction with the unsteady effect of tip injection,which manifests as a hysteresis between the recovery of tip blockage and the recovery of tip leakage vortex.The unsteady effect is primarily responsible for the effectiveness of tip injection with a partial circumferential coverage.Tip injection cannot enhance the stability of the rotor with axial slots significantly,but it can improve the stabil ity of the rotor with circumferential grooves further.The combined structure of tip injection with circumferential grooves is an alternative for engineering application.     

Experimental investigation of flow field in a laboratory-scale compressor

The inner flow environment of turbomachinery presents strong three-dimensional, rota-tional, and unsteady characteristics. Consequently, a deep understanding of these flow phenomena will be the prerequisite to establish a state-of-the-art design system of turbomachinery. Currently the development of more accurate turbulence models and CFD tools is in urgent need for a high-quality database for validation, especially the advanced CFD tools, such as large eddy simu-lation (LES). Under this circumstance, this paper presents a detailed experimental investigation on the 3D unsteady flow field inside a laboratory-scale isolated-rotor with multiple advanced measure-ment techniques, including traditional aerodynamic probes, hotwire probes, unsteady endwall static pressure measurement, and stereo particle image velocimetry (SPIV). The inlet boundary layer pro-file is measured with both hotwire probe and aerodynamic probe. The steady and unsteady flow fields at the outlet of the rotor are measured with a mini five-hole probe and a single-slanted hotwire probe. The instantaneous flow field in the rotor tip region inside the passage is captured with SPIV, and then a statistical analysis of the spatial distribution of the instantaneous tip leakage vortex/flow is performed to understand its dynamic characteristics. Besides these, the uncertainty analysis of each measurement technique is described. This database is quite sufficient to validate the advanced numerical simulation with LES. The identification process of the tip leakage vortex core in the instantaneous frames obtained from SPIV is performed deliberately. It is concluded that the ensemble-averaged flow field could not represent the tip leakage vortex strength and the trajectory trace. The development of the tip leakage vortex could be clearly cataloged into three phases according to their statistical spatial distribution. The streamwise velocity loss induced by the tipleakage flow increases until the splitting process is weak and the turbulent mixing phase is dominant.     

处理机匣激励频率对跨声速压气机性能的影响

通过改变处理机匣槽数来改变处理机匣对压气机内部流场的非定常激励频率,对4种激励频率下压气机性能进行了测试。实验结果表明,处理机匣槽数对应的非定常激励频率是影响压气机性能的关键因素之一。通过优化处理机匣对压气机非定常激励的频率,压气机性能可以得到全面提升:对于实验用跨声速压气机,在近设计转速下峰值效率、综合裕度和最大流量分别提高0.17%,19.86%和0.81%,而在低转速下这三个增量最大分别可达到1.13%,57.84%和1.57%。     

低雷诺数下跨声速转子流动失稳及周向槽处理机匣扩稳

采用数值方法模拟了低雷诺数条件下NASA Rotor 37跨声速压气机转子内部流场。结果表明,附面层径向涡是该压气机转子流动失稳的一个很重要的原因。根据该压气机转子低雷诺数条件下流动失稳的特点,研究了周向槽处理机匣结构对其性能的影响。结果表明,引入处理机匣后,附面层径向涡得到一定程度的抑制,由附面层径向涡所引发的叶顶阻塞区有所减小,提高了压气机转子的失速裕度。     

Alleviation of spike stall in axial compressors utilizing grooved casing treatment

This article deals with application of grooved type casing treatment for suppression of spike stall in an isolated axial compressor rotor blade row. The continuous grooved casing treatment covering the whole compressor circumference is of 1.8 mm in depth and located between90% and 108% chord of the blade tip as measured from leading edge. The method of investigation is based on time-accurate three-dimensional full annulus numerical simulations for cases with and without casing treatment. Discretization of the Navier–Stokes equations has been carried out based on an upwind second-order scheme and k-w-SST(Shear Stress Transport) turbulence modeling has been used for estimation of eddy viscosity. Time-dependent flow structure results for the smooth casing reveal that there are two criteria for spike stall inception known as leading edge spillage and trailing edge backflow, which occur at specific mass flow rates in near-stall conditions. In this case, two dominant stall cells of different sizes could be observed. The larger one is caused by the spike stall covering roughly two blade passages in the circumferential direction and about 25% span in the radial direction. Spike stall disturbances are accompanied by lower frequencies and higher amplitudes of the pressure signals. Casing treatment causes flow blockages to reduce due to alleviation of backflow regions, which in turn reduces the total pressure loss and increases the axial velocity in the blade tip gap region, as well as tip leakage flow fluctuation at higher frequencies and lower amplitudes. Eventually, it can be concluded that the casing treatment of the stepped tip gap type could increase the stall margin of the compressor. This fact is basically due to retarding the movement of the interface region between incoming and tip leakage flows towards the rotor leading edge plane and suppressing the reversed flow around the blade trailing edge.     

离心压气机不稳定流动的时频特征分析

离心压气机失稳过程是一个非常复杂的动态过程,提高离心压气机运行的可靠性需要准确获取失稳过程的时频特征。针对带无叶扩压器的高速离心压气机失稳过程中叶轮出口的动态压力数据,采用时空本征模态分解(STIMD)算法和经验模态分解(EMD)算法进行分解,得到了多个本征模态函数(IMF),并结合Hilbert变换对不稳定流动的动态特征进行分析。结果表明,STIMD算法得到了深喘和浅喘的时频信息,观察到了频率在150 Hz附近持续波动的失速现象,并捕捉到了浅喘先兆的频率曲线由抖动向恒定的过渡过程。STIMD算法改善了EMD的模态混叠问题,为压气机失稳分析提供了一种工具。     

跨声速压气机转子叶尖非定常流场数值研究

采用时间精确求解方法对某高负荷跨声速轴流压气机转子在98%设计转速下的叶尖非定常流场进行了数值研究.结果显示,激波自身振荡不明显,叶尖区域流动的非定常性主要来源于叶尖泄漏涡的破碎及其与激波之间的相互干涉.对比设计状态与失速状态下叶尖泄漏涡的特点发现:在近失速点时,叶尖区域间歇性出现前缘溢流.分析表明:叶尖泄漏涡在激波后破碎是造成堵塞的主要原因,也是造成spike型失速初始扰动的原因.